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Biomedical subjects

G Gamsu

Publications and source records attributed to G Gamsu.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of the thorax were obtained in ten normal volunteers, nine patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma, and three patients with benign thoracic abnormalities. In normal volunteers, mediastinal and hilar structures were seen with equal frequency on NMR images and computed tomographic scans. The hila were especially well displayed on spin-echo images. Spin-echo images showed mediastinal invasion by tumor, vascular and bronchial compression and invasion, and hilar and mediastinal adenopathy. Tumor and benign abnormalities could be separated from mediastinal and hilar fat because of their longer T1 times. Lung masses and nodules as small as 1.5 cm could be seen on the spin-echo images. NMR imaging shows promise for assessment of benign and malignant mediastinal, hilar, and lung abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

CT of the thoracic duct.

The ability of computed tomography to demonstrate the normal anatomy of the thoracic duct was investigated after lymphangiography in 20 patients without evidence of chest diseases on the plain films. The entire opacified thoracic duct can be easily imaged from its origin at the thoraco-abdominal level, up to its arch, which enters the venous blood stream, usually at the left subclavian-jugular confluent. Variations of the arch of the duct have been observed in our series. The ability to detect the non-opacified duct with CT was also assessed in 80 patients. Imaging of part or totality of the lower, mid and upper segments of the thoracic duct is possible respectively in 81, 54 and 69 per cent of subjects. The arch of the duct was displayed in 57 per cent. Knowledge of the normal anatomy of the thoracic duct is important since it can be involved in many diseases of the posterior mediastinum and of the thoracic outlet.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

CT demonstration of mediastinal aortic arch anomalies.

Computed tomography (CT) can be helpful in the detection and diagnosis of aortic arch malformations, including anomalous right subclavian artery, left sided aortic arch with right descending aorta, right sided, aorta with anomalous left subclavian artery or mirror image branching, and double aortic arch. This paper reviews the CT findings in 10 such patients. Computed tomography can confirm the presence of an aortic anomaly suspected from plain radiographs or can detect a vascular anomaly when the plain radiograph suggests the presence of a mediastinal mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

CT-guided aspiration biopsy of the thorax.

Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of thoracic lesions was performed under the guidance of computed tomography (CT) in 28 patients. The lesions chosen for CT guidance of needle placement were those not amenable to demonstration by biplane fluoroscopy: lesions in or adjacent to the mediastinum or hila; peripheral lesions; and small or ill-defined lesions, such as cavitary masses. The accuracy of the technique was assessed on the basis of pathological and radiographic confirmation of the cytologic diagnoses. The sensitivity of the technique was 84% (16/19), the specificity was 100% (6/6), and the overall accuracy was 88% (22/25). Inadequate specimens were obtained in two patients, and another patient could not complete the procedure. Pneumothorax, which developed in 17 patients, was remedied by intercostal tube drainage in three. There was one mild episode of hemoptysis, which resolved spontaneously. We recommended that CT-guided aspiration biopsy of thoracic lesions be used when the type, size, or position of the lesion makes fluoroscopic guidance of the needle unreliable.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the trachea: normal and abnormal.

The trachea was investigated by means of computed tomography (CT) in 50 patients without tracheal or mediastinal abnormalities and in 39 patients with various diseases of the trachea. The variations in the normal CT appearances of the trachea and surrounding structures are described. CT did not provide additional information in the detection or characterization of tracheal stenosis beyond that obtained from more conventional studies, including tomography and positive-contrast tracheography. In patients with a saber-sheath trachea, CT demonstrated the abnormal configuration of the tracheal cartilages and abnormal collapse of the trachea on forced expiration. In patients with primary or secondary neoplasms involving the trachea, CT was most accurate in defining the intraluminal presence of tumor, the degree of airway compression, and the extratracheal extension of tumor. CT can be of value in determining the resectability of primary tracheal neoplasms and the planning of radiation therapy in metastatic lesions to the trachea and surrounding mediastinum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men.

The clinical records and radiographs of 12 homosexual men with symptomatic biopsy-proved Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia were reviewed. At presentation, the most common radiographic finding in the chest was a diffuse, coarse, ground-glass pattern. Normal findings on chest radiographs or only minimal abnormalities did not preclude P. carinii pneumonia. Progression of the radiographic findings varied. Rapid development of diffuse consolidation in 2--5 days occurred most commonly. Thoracic lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions were each seen in two patients. Clearing of the lungs often took many weeks. Six of the 12 patients died in 2 weeks to 8 months. In the appropriate clinical setting, early transbronchial biopsy should be strongly advocated to ensure initiation of suitable antimicrobial therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of the normal larynx during quiet breathing and phonation.

Computed tomography scans of the larynx were obtained during quiet breathing and during phonation in 10 volunteers having no neck or larynx abnormalities. The subglottic and glottic laryngeal cavity and soft tissues showed symmetry from side to side. At the supraglottic level, the pliable aryepiglottic folds and pyriform sinuses appeared moderately asymmetric and variable during quiet breathing. Phonation made them more symmetric. Phonation also allowed accurate determination of vocal cord function. The laryngeal cartilages were symmetric in their degree of calcification and had clearly visible centers of dense calcification. Computed tomography is a highly precise method for demonstrating the structures of the larynx.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of the normal pulmonary hilum.

The detection of pulmonary hilar abnormalities using computed tomography (CT) requires a detailed understanding of cross-sectional hilar anatomy. Many lobar and segmental bronchi are identifiable on CT scans and form the basis for interpreting hilar CT. Large pulmonary artery and venous branches within the hilum produce relatively constant hilar contours and were identified using dynamic CT scans following the bolus injection of contrast medium. At several levels on the right and at one level on the left, the posterior hilum is devoid of vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of the abnormal pulmonary hilum.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 25 patients with an abnormal hilum were reviewed. Fourteen had bronchogenic carcinoma, four had lymphoma, four had metastatic carcinoma, one had severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, and two had a hilar mass of unknown cause. The CT findings were (a) a local alteration in normal hilar contour; (b) generalized hilar enlargement; (c) distortion or obstruction of bronchi; (d) irregular or poorly defined hilar contours; (e) obscured vascular branches; and (f) obscuration or thickening of the posterior right upper lobe bronchus, bronchus intermedius, or left main bronchus. A localized alteration in hilar contour and bronchial abnormalities were most frequently seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cavitary pulmonary nodules with systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnosis.

Cavitary pulmonary nodules rarely occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the lupuslike syndrome associated with mixed connective tissue disease. Although it has been suggested that such cavitary nodules represent areas of vasculitis and ischemic necrosis, five of seven occurrences of cavitary nodules in a series of six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease proved to be the result of infection or pulmonary embolism. The causes in the other two cases are unknown, but no attempt was made to obtain a biopsy in either instance. It was concluded that vasculitis with ischemic necrosis is not a common cause of cavitary pulmonary nodules in patients with lupus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Review: diagnosis of chemotherapy lung.

Diffuse pulmonary diseases seen in patients receiving chemotherapy have a wide variety of etiologies including infection, involvement with the underlying disease, injury from radiation or diagnostic agents, and toxicity from chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition to concomitantly used therapeutic agents, previously administered cytotoxic drugs may enhance the toxicity of radiotherapy and vice versa. Together with the clinician, the radiologist may be able to assess the probability of drug-induced lung disease by correlating radiographic and clinical data. Useful clinical data include signs and symptoms related to the lungs, pulmonary function test results, dose and schedule of drug administration, and information concerning concomitant or previous drug or radiation therapy. Useful radiographic data include the distribution of densities seen on the chest radiograph, the presence or absence of thoracic adenopathy, and the presence or absence of pleural effusion. The diagnosis is difficult, and thus the incidence of clinical and subclinical drug-induced pneumonitis is not accurately known.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

CT of the pretracheal retrocaval space.

The ability of computed tomography to visualize the normal pretracheal retrocaval (PTRC) space and its contents, at the level of the azygous arch, was investigated in 127 normal subjects. The scan level which shows the azygous vein entering the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava was analyzed. The perimeter of the PTRC space could be accurately delineated by following the trachea, azygous arch, superior vena cava, and aorta. The size, density, and contents of the PTRC space were measured. The surface area of the PTRC space increases significantly with the degree of mediastinal adiposity (p less than 0.0001), age (p less than 0.0001), and aortic unfolding (p less than 0.001). The mean density of the PTRC space was negative in the majority of subjects but varied from -107 to +48 H. Normal lymph nodes (azygous nodes) were detected in 88.1% of subjects. More than one lymph node was present in 29.9% of subjects. Three nodes were visible in each of nine subjects. There were 160 lymph nodes with a diameter of 5.5 +/- 2.8 mm visable in the 127 subjects. Eleven nodes were larger than 10 mm. Normal azygous lymph nodes can be visualized and subtle enlargement of these nodes detected.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Bronchographic features of chronic bronchitis in normal men.

As part of a study of mucous transport in the airways, tantalum bronchography was performed on 13 normal, asymptomatic men who had normal findings on pulmonary function studies. Most of the subjects demonstrated some of the bronchographic features which have been regarded as specific for chronic bronchitis. Eight men showed opacification of the ducts of mucous glands; 12 had visible secretions in the airways; three had moderate-to-marked irregularity of airways. The clearance of tantalum from the airways in all but two subjects was more rapid than anticipated and thus could not be correlated with the bronchographic features of chronic bronchitis. Two subjects who previously had symptoms of respiratory tract infection showed markedly delayed peripheral airway clearance of tantalum. The bronchographic features of chronic bronchitis can be seen in normal subjects or may indicate airway abnormalities that are not manifested functionally.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

CT in carcinoma of the larynx and pyriform sinus: value of phonation scans.

The structural and functional information obtained from CT performed during quiet breathing and phonation of the letter E was investigated in 25 patients with carcinoma of the larynx or pyriform sinus. Significant additional information was obtained from the phonation scans in all patients. In 16 patients, vocal cord dysfunction was found on the phonation scans. In 14 patients, phonation CT demonstrated an abnormal aryepiglottic fold better than CT during quiet breathing. A pyriform sinus was distorted or displaced in 11 patients and CT during phonation was more accurate than laryngoscopy or CT during quiet breathing in detecting abnormalities deep to this region. CT scans were the most accurate method of detecting tumor extension into the subglottic space, and into the preepiglottic space; each extension was seen in seven patients. Thyroid cartilage destruction was detected only by CT in six patients. CT scans during phonation should be an integral part of laryngeal CT and in conjunction with laryngoscopy could possibly replace laryngography for the evaluation of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1981

Alterations in CT mediastinal anatomy produced by an azygos lobe.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 11 patients with an azygos lobe were compared with similar scans of age- and gender-matched normal controls. The reflections of the right lung against the superior mediastinum were evaluated, and particular attention was directed to five specific areas: the azygos vein and arch, the superior vena cava, the pretracheal and retrotracheal areas, and the esophagus. With an azygos lobe, the azygos arch is at a more cephalad position than normal. The axis of the superior vena cava is oriented toward the left. The azygos lobe intrudes into the pretracheal and retrotracheal mediastinum contacting the anterior wall of the trachea, the medial wall of the superior vena cava, and most of the posterior wall of the trachea in the majority of patients. The presence of an azygos lobe significantly alters the contour of the right mediastinum and changes the relation of lung to the superior vena cava and trachea.

Adolescent↗