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Biomedical subjects

G Gaillard

Publications and source records attributed to G Gaillard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Experimental and clinical approaches to treatment of hypertension by dopamine receptor agonists.

The action of several dopamine agonists on blood pressure was investigated. In dogs, apomorphine induced a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. These effects were suppressed by intravenous haloperidol or phentolamine. Intravenous but not intracisternal domperidone suppressed the hypotensive responses elicited by intravenous or intracisternal apomorphine. Furthermore, the hypotensive effect of bromocriptine or apomorphine was abolished in adrenal demedullated dogs. Apomorphine and bromocriptine decreased adrenal catecholamine levels. In men, the acute hypotensive property of apomorphine (but not the long term effect of bromocriptine) was suppressed by pretreatment with domperidone. In hypertensive Parkinsonians, bromocriptine reduced blood pressure, induced an increase in inulin clearance, a decrease in plasma creatinine concentration and in renal vascular resistances. These results suggest that dopamine agonists (like apomorphine or bromocriptine) reduce blood pressure through both a decrease in sympathetic tone and an improvement in renal function. However, the mechanism of the acute and long term hypotensive effects could be different only involving peripheral mechanisms after acute administration and both peripheral and central structure under chronic treatment. In addition, preliminary results suggesting the potential interest of dopamine antagonists in the management of orthostatic hypotension are discussed.

Dopamine↗
PubMed1987

[Decrease in HCG levels after conservative laparoscopic treatment of extra-uterine pregnancy].

Dropping hCG levels have been studied in 76 patients following laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy. The drop in hCG is the same as after conservative treatment using laparotomy. This study shows that early detection of treatment failure is possible from the third or fourth post-operative day onwards. The authors report a scheme for the post-operative follow-up after laparoscopic treatment for ectopic pregnancy relying on the hCG rate.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1986

An automatic stimulus generation system for electroretinogram capture and processing.

An automated system is presented for on-line capture and processing of the analog signal obtained in response to light or X-ray stimulation of isolated rat retina maintained in survival by perfusion. The most important part of the system is a microcomputer Apple II (48 K Europlus) equipped with interface boards. Basic and assembler programs automatically deliver light or X-ray stimulation every 5 min. Data capture and data processing are carried out following each retinal response. Calculated parameters of the ERG, and 200 values obtained after sampling of an ERG are placed in a data file on a floppy disc. One hundred ERGs can be stored in this way.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Twin pregnancy with acute hepatic steatosis followed by antehypophyseal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus].

A 22-year old woman in the 37th week of her third pregnancy (twins) developed acute fatty liver complicated with a haemorrhagic syndrome from disseminated intravascular coagulation. Two normal girls were delivered by caesarean section. Persistent surgical bleeding required hysterectomy and a short stay in an intensive care unit. The disseminated intravascular coagulation subsided within 8 days. Three weeks after delivery a pituitary insufficiency (Sheehan's syndrome) was diagnosed. A second liver biopsy showed that the lesions had regressed. One week after delivery, the patient developed polyuria and polydipsia. The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was confirmed by the lack of increase of plasma antidiuretic hormone level during an 8-hour water deprivation test. The pathophysiology of these different syndromes is discussed. Disseminated intravascular coagulation might be the link between hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

beta-Thromboglobulin in patients with breast cancer.

beta-Thromboglobulin (beta TG) plasma levels were determined in 52 female breast cancer patients at different stages and in 39 healthy controls (22 women and 17 men) of similar age distribution. Beta TG levels were high (mean +/- SD:61.6 +/- 59.1 ng/ml) in patients before any treatment compared to controls (mean +/- SD:21.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml) and the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). No correlation with disease stage was observed. No other coagulation parameters were abnormal except fibrinogen, which increased. Fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) also increased but only in metastatic patients. Chemotherapy appeared to induce a considerable decrease in initial values at the end of the first cycle without modifying the platelet count. In addition, an attempt was made to correlate the beta TG plasma level investigated serially for several months with disease evolution.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of a morphine-clomipramine combination on a test of experimental analgesia].

Morphine (2.5 mg/kg sc) i.e. at a non-antinociceptive dose, augmented clomipramine-induced antinociceptive effect but failed to alter the values of clomipramine (10, 20, 40 mg/kg orally) levels in rats. These results suggest that the potentiation of clomipramine-induced analgesia by morphine does not result from a peripheral pharmacokinetic mechanism but probably involves a central interaction between clomipramine and opiates pathways.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1985

[Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetics, well-controlled and poorly-controlled].

We studied phosphorus and calcium metabolism in 50 adult insulin dependent and non insulin dependent diabetics arranged in 4 groups according to therapy and control of diabetes. We observed: a low level of blood magnesium in all diabetics a lower level of P T H, more pronounced with poorly controlled diabetes. a decrease of 1-25 (OH) 2 D levels without modification of the 25 (OH) D levels in badly controlled diabetics. This decrease may be related to the low level of PTH with a 1 alpha hydroxylation defect. These results are in favor of the hypothesis of a primary bone problem leading to the pre-senile and subclinical osteoporosis observed in diabetics. Hyperglycaemia rather than insulinopenia may be involved. Rigorous diabetes control significantly decreases all the observed differences, except the low magnesium level.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Glycosylated hemoglobin in pregnant women with glycosuria].

Systematic assays of glycosylated haemoglobin were performed to verify that pregnant women with glycosuria and normal fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests had no disturbances in glycoregulation . Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were measured in 25 glycosuric women on the second (n = 11) or third (n = 14) trimester of pregnancy and compared with those of 81 non-glycosuric women of similar weight and gestational age. On the third trimester, glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in glycosuric women of normal weight than in controls (5.85% versus 5.08%; p less than 0.01). They were also significantly higher in obese glycosuric women than in controls of the same weight (6.71% versus 5.3%; p less than 0.001) and exceeded normal limits. These results should encourage better detection (by glucose tolerance test) and better supervision of women with "renal" diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Beta 2 microglobulin in diabetic patients. Apropos of 190 subjects].

Beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2 M) is a low molecular weight protein filtered by the renal glomerulus, then reabsorbed and metabolized at the proximal tubule. Its blood concentration is a good renal index, as it is independent from muscle mass and diet contrary to creatinine. We assayed serum beta 2 M in 190 cases of diabetes mellitus divided into 71 non-insulin-dependent and 119 insulin-dependent forms. We found no significant difference between both groups. Serum beta 2 M was not correlated with Hb A 1 C. Conversely, a highly significant positive correlation between beta 2 M and serum creatinine and a negative correlation between beta 2 M and creatinine clearance were demonstrated. Furthermore, patients with borderline serum creatinine and those with normal renal function show very significant differences in mean serum beta 2 M concentrations, thus making combined assay of both parameters advisable. On the other hand, we were unable to evaluate modifications in beta 2 M according to other complications of diabetes mellitus as vascular and neurologic involvement are very often associated with renal dysfunction.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1984

Familial growth retardation with isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency.

Three brothers with isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency were observed at ages 17, 15, and 10 years. They suffered from severely retarded growth, with a marked retardation in bone maturation. Their serum T4, T3, and TSH levels were low. Serum thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) concentration was normal. No increases in TSH levels were elicited during the TRH test. The other pituitary hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin hormone, responded normally to stimulation. Thyroxin treatment triggered a growth acceleration. Genetic investigation revealed several instances of small stature on the father's side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Insulin reserve of insulin-dependent diabetics. Role of C-peptide in the hormonal balance in diabetes].

Insulin secretion was investigated in 65 insulin-dependent diabetic patients by determining C peptide levels before and after stimulation with either an 800 calories test meal or an injection of glucagon or arginine i.v. Most patients had very low basal C peptide levels and response to all stimulation tests was poor as compared to controls. In normal subjects, response to glucagon or arginine stimulation appeared to be slightly stronger than response to test meal stimulation. There was apparently no correlation between diabetes control, as assessed by haemoglobin A1c values, and C peptide levels before and after stimulation. On the other hand, C peptide levels were inversely proportional to the duration of diabetes. Finally, C peptide levels after test meal stimulation were found to correlate with the doses of insulin administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pituitary-gonadal function in male diabetic patients (author's transl)].

Pituitary-gonadal function was studied in 50 male diabetic patients under 53 years of age. Forty-three had normal sexual activity and 7 were impotent. Plasma testosterone levels and urinary 17 ketosteroids, androsterone and dehydroepiandosterone levels were measured. LH and FSH levels before and after LHRH, and prolactin levels before and after TRH were also measured in plasma. No significant changes in pituitary-gonadal function were detected, irrespective of the patient's sexual activity. Neither the type and degree of control of diabetes nor the presence of absence of microangiopathy had any influence on the results. Basal LH and FSH levels were slightly higher in older patients. Prolactin levels after TRH were significantly higher in the later stages of the test in patients with microangiopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Labeling of human lymphocytes with 99mTc by means of stannous pyrophosphate. Scintigraphic applications.

An original 99mTc-labeling method applied to human lymphocytes is described. This technique is based on the use of stannous pyrophosphate to reduce sodium pertechnetate. The proposed procedure has two main advantages: firstly, the labeling process takes place in a neutral and buffered medium which prevents any cellular aggregation; secondly, the labeling yield obtained is compatible with scintigraphic studies in man. The influence of each parameter on the labeling quality had been studied as well as the binding stability of the technetium fixed on cells. A systematic study of lymphocyte surface markers, before and after labeling, has led to the suggestion that the labeling process seems to affect cellular membranes, probably because of the technetium binding. Finally, scintigraphic results are presented, the study being performed on eight healthy volunteers. These results are compared with those published by other authors who used either a different radioisotope or a different labeling method.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Induction of ovulation and pregnancy resulting from chronic and pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (Gn-RH)].

Amenorrhoea of high origin, namely hypothalamic, reflects inhibition or a drop in endogenous secretion of Gn-RH. Two patients with this trouble were treated with synthetic Gn-RH in a pulsatile way and by a continuous method. We have been using a portable reprogrammable mini-pump (Zyklomat-Ferring) connected up to an intravenous catheter which has delivered 15 to 20 micrograms of Gn-RH for one minute every 90 minutes. This treatment brought about progressive rises in serum concentrations of oestradiol and of LH. The ovulation was obtained in both women, and checked by the demonstration by ultra-sound of rupture of the dominant follicle and by estimation of plasma and progesterone levels. One of them became pregnant following this treatment. This kind of therapy seems to us to be an attractive physiological alternative for induction of ovulation.

Adult↗