The data on the morbidity in infectious diseases in the Chechen Republic in recent years are presented. As revealed from these data, under the conditions of the crisis situation the tendency towards the deterioration of the epidemiological situation began to show from the beginning of the 1990s. The growth of morbidity in some infections was registered, the outbreaks of dangerous infections (cholera, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, typhoid fever) appeared. The armed conflicts led to the disintegration of the sphere of social services of the republic and were accompanied by the destruction of the systems of the life support of the population, the deterioration of the quality of antiepidemic measures and by the practically complete incapacity of the local sanitary and epidemiological service to ensure the realization of measures for epidemiological surveillance, as well as measures for the control of infections and their prophylaxis.

Cholera↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Organization of the service of the state sanitary and epidemic surveillance in the northern regions of the Chechen Republic at the emergency situation].

The data characterizing the sanitary and epidemiological state of the population and the groups of persons, forced to quit the place of their permanent residence, on the territory embracing the Nadterechny, Naursky and Shelkovskoi regions of the Chechen Republic (CR) during the period of December 16, 1999, to February 19, 2000. A sharp deterioration of the situation which led to the renewal of hostilities on the whole territory of the CR was accompanied by the disorganization of all vitally important structures, including the systems of health service, sanitary and epidemiological surveilance. The above-mentioned regions of the CR were of great importance in the organization of sanitary-hygienic and antiepidemic measures, as it is on the territories of these regions that the camps with many thousands of persons, forced to move temporarily from Grozny and other regions affected by hostilities, are concentrated. The activity of specialized brigades of the antiepidemic service, working in cooperation with local organs of health service, the State Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Russian Federation and local services of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, was of great importance for the restoration of the structures and functions of sanitary and antiepidemic organs.

Communicable Disease Control↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[On sanitary and epidemic situation in the Republic of Dagestan].

The results of the analysis of sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Daghestan are presented. The tendency towards the deterioration of epidemiological situation in a number of infections is noted. This unsatisfactory sanitary and epidemiological situation is caused by the low level of the sanitary and hygienic security of the population as the consequence of failures in the accomplishment of the planned works and measures, regulated and approved by the Republican Government, due to insufficient financing.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemic security of the population of the Republic of Dagestan at the time of the operation against terrorists].

The detailed description of measures aimed at ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population of Daghestan at the period of hostilities on its territory in 1999. At the finish of the antiterrorist operation an opinion was advanced on the deterioration of the epidemic situation in infections on the territory of hostilities, as well as in the whole of the republic. Nevertheless, due to the measures taken by the sanitary and epidemiological service of the republic, its well-coordinated work and its effective cooperation with different ministries and departments complications in the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Daghestan could be avoided.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[On sanitary and epidemic situation in the Republic of Ingushetia].

Information on the recent sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Ingushetia is presented. In some years an almost twofold growth in the number of population was registered in the republic due to the mass influx of temporarily displaced persons. Such factors as excessive population density, the absence of conditions for the observation of elementary sanitary and hygienic norms, malnutrition, complications with the supply of drinking water meeting sanitary norms contribute to the possibility of epidemic complications. The data on the state of water supply and sewage in populated localities and on the state of morbidity in infectious diseases are presented. By the year 2000 the aggravation of the epidemiological situation in viral hepatitis A and tuberculosis took place. Morbidity in acute enteric infections somewhat increased. There is the danger of the appearance of some infections from the natural foci.

Communicable Disease Control↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[On the sanitary-hygienic state of the drinking water supply facility and the organization of the sanitary and bacteriological control of the water supply of the population of Grozny in recent years].

Information on the state of water supply in Grozny in the time of peace, during the armed conflict of 1994-1996 and at the period of the antiterrorist operation in the year 2000 is presented. In the year 2000 the centralized water supply of the population proved to be completely paralyzed. The quality of water brought to the city and water from the sources of decentralized water supply considerably deviated from the norm by its bacteriological characteristics. The control of the quality of drinking water supplied to the population was carried out only by the bacteriological laboratory of the specialized antiepidemic brigade.

Emergency Medical Services↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Laboratory diagnostics of acute enteric infections under the conditions of the work of the specialized epidemic brigade during liquidation of the consequences of the emergency situations].

The scheme of the complex microbiological diagnostics of cholera, dysentery, salmonellosis and escherichiosis has been developed. The scheme includes the introduction of material taken from a patient with acute enteric infection into 1% peptone water (pH 8.0), followed by inoculation into Endo medium (pH 7.4-8.0) and the selection of colonies on MC-agar with the subsequent final identification of bacteria with the use of biochemical, serological and genetic methods of investigation. This scheme is proposed for use in bacteriological sections of specialized antiepidemic brigades working on the liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations when the epidemiological safety of the population is threatened.

Agar↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Outbreak of typhoid fever in the Chechen Republic in 2000: epidemiological characterization].

The results of the epidemiological investigation of the outbreak of typhoid fever in Achkhoi-Martan region are presented. During the period from December 1999 to April 2000 the disease was diagnosed in 43 persons. The cases of the disease were registered in 3 settlements: Lermontov-Yurt, Kulary and Sernovodsk. The pronounced focal character of the disease was noted with the prevalence of family foci with two or more cases of the disease. This conclusion was based on the fact that at the initial stages of the formation of the foci the leading role belonged to the water factor of the transmission of the disease: water from irrigation ditches used by the population for both drinking and household needs. The unusual season when this outbreak took place (the cold time of the year) was due to highly unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions formed as the result of the antiterrorist operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific epidemiologic features of Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Stavropol' region in 1999-2000].

The results of the epidemiological analysis of morbidity in Crimean haemorrhagic fever in the Stavropol Territory in 1999-2000 are presented. The epidemiological features, specifically characteristic of the manifestations of this infection in the territory, have been determined.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Specialized epidemic brigade during extreme situation].

Information on the main trends in the activity and on the organization of the work of the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Stavropol Research Institute for Plague Control in Grozny in the first half of the year 2000 is presented. At the initial stage of this activity the specialists of the brigade were entrusted with all functions of the local state sanitary and epidemiological service which had lost its qualified personnel and material resources. At the initial stages of the work the main attention was drawn to the organization of the registration of patients with infectious diseases, to the control of drinking water and to the realization of immunoprophylactic measures, etc. The specialists of the brigade carried out their work in close cooperation with the medical service of the Territorial Head Office of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic.

Communicable Disease Control↗