A total of 1,011 clinically asymptomatic adults older than 20 years of age, with a minimal fasting of one hour, were screened for diabetes mellitus. This group was selected from a community medical service. The presence of diabetes in first degree relatives (parents, brothers/sisters and children) was investigated by interrogation of the subjects. Weight, height, and the waist and hip perimeters were measured, and the body mass index and the waist/hip ratio were calculated. Obesity was present in 26% of the population and 35.6% had a relative with diabetes mellitus, but 53.8% were younger than 40 years. A capillary blood sample was taken and glucose was measured by a reflectometer glucometer. Individuals with blood glucose levels of 160 mg/dL or higher were appointed for a fasting venous blood sample and glucose was analyzed using the glucose oxidase method. If the glucose levels were > 140 mg/dL, a second fasting venous blood sample was taken 1-2 weeks later, if both results were > 140 mg/dL a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established; otherwise it was considered non diagnostic for diabetes mellitus. A total of 17 were detected with > 160 mg/dL by the glucometer and 12/17 persons were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (1.2%). No person younger than 30 years was detected (n = 307), but 3/237 were detected in the thirty years group (1.26% for this group) and 9 persons were older than 40 years, 1.2% of the total group. Capillary glucose measurements may be used for screening of populations selecting those who require to be submitted to diagnostic tests.

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Diabetes and nephrolithiasis in a patient with a long arm X-isochromosome.

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Adult↗

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[Estrogens and infarction in menopausal women].

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Aged↗

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[Magnetic resonance diagnosis of insulinoma].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to highlight the use of the magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of very small tumors of the pancreas. BACKGROUND: The computed axial tomography and angiography have been the traditional methods in the detection of neoplasms of the pancreas, mostly vascular lesions, both lacking the tissue characterization and contrast; the magnetic resonance scan was performed to rule out a pancreatic tumor in a 37 year old female patient with hypoglycemia, previously treated for seizures. RESULTS: A 1.0 cm nodular hypointense lesion was seen in the union of the body and the tail of the pancreas, confirmed by surgery and pathology as an insular cell tumor. CONCLUSION: Given its axial and tissue contrast resolution, as demonstrated in our case, the magnetic resonance imaging has became the gold standard in the identification of very small tumors of the pancreas.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Diabetes and pregnancy in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To review the Mexican studies published in the last 15 years on diabetes mellitus (DM) and pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We found five descriptive studies on DM and pregnancy and six on the detection of gestational diabetes (GDM) in normal pregnant women using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS: The first group of studies comprised 689 patients: 331 with pregestational DM type 2 and 32 type 1; the other 326 patients (47%) had GDM established by clinical symptoms and hyperglycemia, or by fasting hyperglycemia (> 140 mg/dL) in at least two ocassions. The distribution of types 1 and 2 was similar in the five studies. Maternal complications were toxemia in 18%, polyhydramnios is 10% and urinary infection in 6%. Perinatal mortality was 7%, congenital malformations in 6%, macrosomia in 25% and prematurity in 8%. In the puerperium 71 women with GDM were reevaluated: 48 (68%) were type 2, one (1%) type 1, three (4%) glucose intolerance (GI) and 19 (27%) were normal to an OGTT test. The six studies on GMD in normal pregnants were done using the OGTT. Three studies were done in the city of Monterrey, state of Nuevo Leon and show a prevalence of 4.3 to 6%, mean 5.3%. The other three studies show a prevalence of 10.5 to 11%. In the puerperium, 26 women were reevaluated: only three were type 2 (12%), five GI (19%) and 18 (69%) had a normal response to the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 DM is the more frequent type of diabetes associated to pregnancy in Mexican groups; the systematic screening for GDM in normal pregnant women yields 4 to 11% of positivity.

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