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Biomedical subjects

G Forche

Publications and source records attributed to G Forche.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[First comprehensive spirometric studies of new reference values for unrestricted use].

In contrast to almost all other clinical data, there are as yet no uniform, generally accepted values for spirometric measurements. This is due to technical and organizational problems related to examination procedures. The numerous authors only evaluated data from certain groups of subjects. There has not yet been a uniform study of all age, socioeconomic and occupational groups, urban and rural. Organizational cooperation with a preventive--medicine field study in Styria, together with school examinations, made possible the collection of data from all necessary groups including the basic spirometric values VC, FEV1 and FEV1 %VC. Although strictest epidemiological and methodological exclusion criteria were applied, a very sufficient number of subjects in all groups resulted. All examinations were performed with a half--open dry bellows spirometer. The general validity of the data so obtained is guaranteed as by a study made for this purpose of the cooling behavior of expired air in the spirometer. This data made possible for the first time a statistically acceptable, continuous transition between the model for children and youth on the one hand, and the model for adults on the other. With this large sample, precise statements could be made on the behavior of spirometric values for the growth - period, and the relations of sex, age, height and weight defined. The resulting regression equations can be used without restriction for all relevant problems. The Austrian Standardization Commission has thus already moved to accept these values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Arterial micropuncture. An advance in blood-gas analysis.

Worldwide, uncountable arterial macropunctures and cannulations are performed for blood-gas analysis. The associated complications are accepted as inevitable. 8,000 arterial micropunctures performed under controlled conditions show that this sampling method is not only simpler but also less traumatic and less susceptible to errors of method. As these advantages are not countered by any disadvantages, microsampling is suggested for general use.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

Bronchodilators increase airway instability in cystic fibrosis.

Supramaximal flow transients of partial expiratory flow-volume curves are caused by a rapidly emptying compartment. By superimposing a maximal and a series of partial expiratory flow-volume curves, the volume of the flow transient equivalent for the maximal curve was estimated (volume of airway contribution = VACMEFV). This flow transient equivalent is caused by an extra dead space, created in the large airways by a full inspiration. In 18 children with cystic fibrosis (CF), routine pulmonary functions and VACMEFV were measured before and after bronchodilator medication. Baseline VACMEFV correlated directly with the curvilinearity of the flow-volume curve and inversely with the clinical and radiologic score. Significantly, bronchodilator medication improved FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, VC, PEF, Raw, and also VACMEFV. In 6 children, VEmax25 increased as a result of apparent peripheral bronchodilation. In 3 others, end-expiratory flow increased slightly but the expanded VACMEFV included the measuring point invalidating the measurement. In the remaining 9 patients, VEmax25 decreased after bronchodilator. As an apparent discrepancy, FEV1, FVC, PEF, VC, FEF25-75 increased, and Raw decreased in 4 to 9 patients. The volumes and flow rates measured early in forced expiration and the end-expiratory flow behaved differently because VACMEFV expanded beyond the measuring points of early expiratory and mid-expiratory flow rates. As the bronchodilator rendered the compliant large airways still more distensible, the amount of air emptied from the dead space in early forced expiration increased. Simultaneously, end-expiratory flow decreased because of enhanced airway compression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Two-dimensional echocardiography using a subcostal approach in patients with COPD.

The aim of this study was to examine whether two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) using a subcostal window can provide reliable parameters for the assessment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fifteen patients with steady state COPD (mean age 58.8 +/- 7.7) and PAH (MPAP 37.2 +/- 15.2 mm Hg) were compared with 15 healthy control subjects, (mean age 30.5 +/- 4.6). The 2-DE examination was performed with a sectorscanner from the subcostal approach. Measurements were made of the inner and maximal end-diastolic dimensions of the tricuspid annulus (TA), the short axis of the right ventricle (RV), and the free right ventricular anterior wall (AW). The TA X RV + AW/body surface area (mm/m2, 2D-index) was 378.3 +/- 47.6 in control subjects vs 871.2 +/- 314.5 in patients provided the closest correlation with MPAP (r 0.9055, p less than 0.001). We conclude that these 2-DE parameters can quantify the morphologic changes of the right heart in COPD with PAH and are useful in the assessment of PAH.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Influence of drug therapy on bronchial hyperreactivity.

Bronchial hyperreactivity was confirmed in eleven nonselected patients with chronic respiratory disease during a period of quiescence by inhalative provocation with histamine. After one week's treatment with ketotifen a protective effect against the histamine-induced bronchospasm was observed in nine patients. The rapid appearance of this protective mechanism was demonstrated both in patients with exogenous and endogenous bronchial asthma and in the three patients with chronic bronchitis. Regardless of the fact that specific bronchospasmolysis is the main therapeutic measure, based on our experience the protective mechanism of mast-cell stabilizers as supplementary therapy is at present at an earlier point of time than is generally assumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Risk classification of patients with acute myocardial infarct using two-dimensional echocardiography].

30 patients with acute myocardial infarction were examined by means of two-dimensional echocardiography, clinically classified according to Killip and the requisite CK peak level was determined. An echocardiographic score system was used to quantify the wall movement disturbances. The patients were subdivided into 3 groups according to clinical course during hospitalization (average 4 weeks) and these data correlated to Killip classification, CK peak level and echocardiographic score system determined on admission: Group 1 (9 patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction), group 2 (11 patients with complicated posterior wall infarction), group 3 (10 patients with complicated anterior wall infarction). Cardiogenic shock, left ventricular pump failure, life-threatening arrhythmias and death were defined as complications. Mean value difference of the scores between group 1 and group 2 were significant (alpha less than 1%) and between group 1 and group 3 very significant (alpha less than 0.1%). With respect to CK, a significant difference existed between group 1 and group 2 and also between group 1 and group 3 (alpha less than 5%). Killip classification was specific, but very insensitive (64%). The echocardiographic score system is suitable for the prediction of in hospital course after myocardial infarction, and is superior to CK peak level determination.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Improved diagnosis and therapy of pericardial effusion with two-dimensional echocardiography].

M-mode echocardiography has until now been the method of choice for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion in general clinical practice. Incidences of false positive and false negative findings have nonetheless been reported in the literature. A vastly simplified diagnosis with greater sensitivity and specificity has been achieved with the spatial orientation provided by a combination of two-dimensional echocardiography and M-mode echocardiography. With these two-dimensional techniques, pericardial puncture is rendered simpler and safer for the patient.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1983

The effect of Bepridil on respiratory and cardiovascular function: a placebo-controlled study.

Bepridil is a novel substance with antianginal and specific antiarrhythmic activities. To investigate its effect on bronchomotor and cardiovascular function a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was performed in 12 healthy volunteers of both sexes. The test preparations were administered by intravenous infusion. Bepridil was given in a dose of 2 mg/kg, which is sufficient to produce a therapeutic plasma level. With body plethysmography the airway resistance was determined before and 110 min after test drug administration. Oscillatory resistance (Oscillation method, Siregnost FD5, Siemens), blood pressure, and electrocardiogram were recorded before administration of the test preparation and thereafter in short intervals for 20 min and in longer intervals for 2 h. Analysis of the data does not indicate that Bepridil affects respiratory function in other ways than a placebo. Hence Bepridil in therapeutic doses is unlikely to produce untoward effects on the respiratory system. Likewise no unwanted effects on the cardiovascular system were recorded; the observed antitachydardia effect is of therapeutic value. The usefulness of the oscillation method to investigate influences on bronchomotor function has been confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Cefazolin content in the gall bladder (author's transl)].

The concentration of cefazolin in the bile obtained by means of duodenoscopy was determined and compared with the values published as results of sampling by gall bladder puncture and T drains. The results obtained using this endoscopic procedure accorded with the results in the literature. When 1 g cefazolin was administered intravenously, high biliary levels of this drug with antibacterial activity were achieved. Our preliminary studies show that not only highly-sensitive gram-positive organisms, but also most of the E. coli Klebsiella and indol-negative proteus bacteria were affected when 1 g cefazolin was administered 3-4 times daily. These results will be reported later. Cefazolin (Gramaxin) represents a valuable addition to the chemotherapeutic agents available in combating infections of the gall bladder and the biliary duct system.

Bacterial Infections↗