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Biomedical subjects

G Esser

Publications and source records attributed to G Esser.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Behaviour problems and developmental status of 3-month-old infants in relation to organic and psychosocial risks.

In a prospective longitudinal study starting at birth 384 infants and their families were investigated. The subjects were distributed across the nine cells of a two-factorial design (3 x 3), factor 1 representing the degree of organic, factor 2 the degree of psychosocial risk. At age 3 months there was a significant influence of organic risk factors on all developmental parameters. Psychosocial risks were only relevant for cognitive development and behaviour problems. Organic high-risk children who adapted quickly after birth showed an especially good development status.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology and course of psychiatric disorders in school-age children--results of a longitudinal study.

In an epidemiological longitudinal study, 356 out of 399 8-yr old children were re-examined at age 13. Prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders of about 16% remained constant during adolescence. The course of emotional disorders proved very promising, while that of conduct disorders was extremely unfavorable. Remission of psychiatric disorders was also influenced by an improved psychosocial environment within the family. Development of disorders in initially healthy children was related to prior learning disabilities and stressful life events. More effective approaches in the treatment of conduct disorders as well as early detection of detrimental familial conditions and learning disabilities are called for.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1990

Conduct disorders (CD): the reliability and validity of the new ICD-10-categories.

The conduct disorders (CD) were re-grouped in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), that comes into force in 1990. The new categories and the empirical findings based upon them are presented. The interrater reliability for the CD was satisfactory at 48.5%, but was clearly lower for the CD with emotional disorders with a correspondence of 33.3%. In a longitudinally examined field random test the total amount of CD increased clearly between 8 and 13 years, whilst it remained more or less constant between 13 and 18 years. The symptom load as parameter for the degree of severity of a disorder was significantly different to the disadvantage of the unsocialized in the 13 year olds between the CD without and with socialization, but was not so in the children and young adults. In the long-term, as far as the symptom load is concerned, there were no important group differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Surgery of malignant hepatoma of the cirrhotic liver].

The surgical approach to malignant hepatoma in cirrhotic liver has continued to be an unresolved problem. Early diagnosis, differentiated indication, and surgical techniques need further improvement, before adjuvant therapy can be discussed. All surgeons are called upon to verify experience of the past and to integrate previous findings into a study that should be helpful in overseeing larger numbers of cases.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1989

[Liver surgery in the repertoire of the general surgeon].

In 1987, 2082 operations of the liver were performed in Germany by 196 of 230 consulted surgical departments in general hospitals. Surgery for liver injuries predominates in suburban hospitals, where as planned interventions are more often performed in main clinics. Our hospital resections of 1-6 subsegments of the liver in 134 patients averaged a mortality of 4.5%. Problems of benign and malignant tumours as well as of the chronic inflammed Echinococcus cyst are mentioned. The standards of the apparative assistance is interpreted and procedures are explained.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

[The Mannheim Rating Scale for the Assessment of Mother-Child Interaction in Infancy].

Within a prospective longitudinal study of the first eight years of life, which aimed determination of pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders a qualitative rating system of mother-infant face-to-face-interaction was evaluated. The rating system consists of 8 scales for mother and 5 scales for infant behavior. The rating intervals had a length of 60 sec, whereas the whole video-taped interaction took 10 minutes. Analysing 48 dyads sufficient coefficients of interraterreliability and validity could be demonstrated for the rating system. It proved to be an appropriate measurement for mother-child interaction in early infancy. Behavior of the mother described by the rating system predicts behavior disturbances of the child better than the total of organic and psychosocial risk factors.

Child↗
PubMed1988

[A scale for assessing the social adjustment of children and adolescents].

In DSM-III the highest level of social adaptation attained is diagnosed on a special diagnostic axis. Thus, separate statements about general impairment in children and adolescents with psychological disturbances can be made independently of specific diagnoses and severity ratings. The present study reports theoretical considerations and the results of the construction of an operationalized scale that measures social adaptation in the areas of family, school and peer group using information about leisure time activities independent of an individual's psychiatric symptoms. In general, the correlations between the social adaptation level and psychiatric disturbances were rather low, the closest association being in the school domain (grade-point average). The reasons for this are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The status of life events in causal analytic considerations in child and adolescent psychiatry: model development trials with LISREL (linear structural relationship analysis)].

An epidemiological longitudinal child psychiatric study with 334 eight- and thirteen-year-olds tried to put life events in an optimal order within a model of causal interrelations. The causal connections were tested by a Linear Structural Relationship Analysis (LISREL), which in addition to life events included child psychiatric disorders, adverse family factors and learning disabilities. By testing different models it could be demonstrated, that adverse family factors do not directly influence the number of life events of 8 to 13-year-old children. Adverse family factors influence life events as well as psychiatric disorders at age 13 predominantly by way of early psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders at age 13 are best predicted by psychiatric disorders at age 8 and to a smaller degree by life events and learning disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Evaluating the significance of minimal brain dysfunction--results of an epidemiological study.

An epidemiological field investigation of 399 8-yr-old children was unable to support basic assumptions of the clinical MBD concept (existence of a homogeneous syndrome, specific psychopathology, evidence of increased perinatal risks). Using a multi-level case definition procedure and factor-analytic data aggregation, nearly complete independence was found among the diagnostical levels of neurophysiology, neuropsychology and specific skills. Main results were replicated after the application of several alternative models of case definition and were further confirmed by data from a clinical sample. Present findings emphasize the necessity to reconsider the concept of MBD and its practical consequences.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1987

[Indications and prognosis of preventive and simultaneous operations of the abdominal cavity].

The potential risk implied in prophylactic operations is just as high as that elective interventions. Indications must be subject to stringent deliminating criteria. Required are thorough elucidation and documentation as well as comprehensive substantiation. Operations of that kind may be performed even without elaborate advance planning, if indications are urgent. Simultaneous operations are accompanied by higher risk in cases of major surgery or if one of the interventions is septic. High risk factors were recordable from combined stomach and bile duct surgery, when performed simultaneously. Morbidity amounted to 13 per cent (pulmonary embolism and pneumonia) and lethality to 15 per cent. Simultaneous operations should be performed by an experienced surgeon who should be a fast worker.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

[Preventive and simultaneous operations of the abdomen].

Prophylactic and elective operations have the same risk. They require detailed and extensive information of the patient and documentation thorough medical reasoning. Without preoperative planning prophylactic operations are justified in severe conditions. Simultaneous operations increase the risk in case they represent major procedures or in septic interventions. Simultaneous surgical interventions of the stomach and the biliary tract imply a high morbidity (13% pulmonary embolism and pneumonia) and a high lethality (15%). In simultaneous operations the fastest of the skilled surgeons is the one who is most successful.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

[Role of the father in the development of school-age children. Results of an epidemiologic study].

As part of an epidemiological follow-up study, data collected from 356 children at ages 8 and 13 and from their parents were analyzed to examine the relationship of parental child-rearing behavior and parents' psychological problems to the intellectual, emotional and social development of the offspring. The results revealed that while children are growing up father and child influence each other in specific ways. The fathers were particularly active in developing their children's cognitive abilities and had a strong influence especially on the development of their sons. At both age 8 and age 13, children whose parents had psychiatric disturbances, regardless of which parent was affected, were much more likely than those with normal parents to have psychiatric disorders themselves. Significant parental gender effects were found, however, when the form of the child's disorder was considered: At age 13, the children were at a higher risk for a conduct disorder if the father had a problem than if the mother did. In further analyses, children who had lost their fathers were compared with those in intact families. Significantly higher rates of psychiatric disorders were found for the fatherless boys, whereas no such effect could be detected for the fatherless girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Determinants of the utilization of child psychiatric/psychological treatment and its success].

Factors determining utilization of child psychiatric/psychological treatment facilities by children aged 8 to 13 were investigated as part of a longitudinal epidemiological study. Severity of psychiatric disorder proved to be the variable with the best predictive value. Conduct disorders, along with male sex, low IQ, learning disorders, adverse family circumstances, low social class and the loss of a biological parent were all factors leading to increased utilization of services. In contrast to severity of disorder, however, these variables explain only a relatively small amount of the variance in utilization. A comparison of treated children and a control group matched for age, sex, psychiatric diagnosis and severity of disorder revealed no significant differences in psychiatric status 5 years later. Even when duration and intensity of treatment were considered, there were no significant differences. It was found that although the treated children had experienced about the same number of life events as the control subjects, they perceived them as much more stressful; thus they apparently had less effective coping mechanisms. The results underscore the predictive significance of the psychiatric disorders themselves as well as the fact that nontreatment should not be equated with a negative course of illness or with irresponsible parents or guardians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Significance of pregnancy and labor complications for the genesis of brain function disorders. Results of an epidemiologic study of 8-year-old children].

An epidemiological and a clinical study were conducted to examine the importance of pregnancy and delivery complications in the genesis of cerebral dysfunction, the studies comprising a total of 495 children of 8 years of age. In the case definition of cerebral dysfunction, methodic improvements were used that had been demanded by those who had been critical of the clinical procedure. The results showed that clinical dysfunction is a risk factor for diseases in child psychiatry. There were no signs pointing to uniform psychopathological patterns (on the lines of a hyperkinetic syndrome) in children with cerebral dysfunction. There was no enhanced incidence of other diseases in the anamnesis of children with cerebral dysfunction. On the whole, the concept of cerebral dysfunction cannot be upheld at least to the extent presumed so far. A comparison between field study random samples and clinical study random samples showed that the classical postulates of the concept apply at most to a negligible minority only.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗