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Biomedical subjects

G Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to G Eriksson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect on sleep--but not on blood pressure--of nocturnal non-invasive blood pressure monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: Nocturnal non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring inevitably causes an undesirable external stimulus due to the cuff pressure and, for some monitors, disturbing compressor sound. The objective of the present study was to determine whether non-invasive automated blood pressure monitoring during sleep provokes arousal and changes in blood pressure and/or heart rate. DESIGN: Sleep response and blood pressure reaction during and immediately after blood pressure monitoring were studied by means of simultaneous electroencephalography and blood pressure recordings. METHODS: Blood pressure and electroencephalogram were recorded simultaneously in 24 subjects (10 hypertensive, 14 normotensive). Blood pressure was registered with a non-invasive automatic blood pressure monitor every 20 min. Inflation and deflation of the cuff were registered on one of the electroencephalogram channels by means of a small pressure meter attached to the cuff. For each subject, blood pressure during uninterrupted sleep was compared with that during arousal provoked by the recordings. RESULTS: Blood pressure recording caused an arousal in 67% of the recordings. During 33% of the recordings, sleep continued. Neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure differed significantly for recordings during 'uninterrupted sleep' when compared with arousal. Heart rate was significantly faster during arousal than during uninterrupted sleep. Analysed separately, hypertensive subjects showed an overall blood pressure response close to that of normotensive subjects. There was a significant trend towards lower blood pressure, parallel with deeper sleep. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during sleep accurately records basal blood pressure and can distinguish blood pressure during superficial sleep from blood pressure during deep sleep. Sleep is often disturbed by blood pressure monitoring but, irrespective of whether recording provokes arousal, monitored blood pressure is the same.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sexually acquired HIV infections: an analysis of epidemiological data concerning cases reported in Sweden 1988-90.

536 Swedish residents who during the years 1988-90 were reported as having contracted HIV through sexual contacts were asked about circumstances regarding the transmission. Answers were received in 411 (76.7%) of the cases (285 homosexual men, 68 heterosexual men and 58 heterosexual women). In 282 (69%) of the cases the persons were without symptoms and in 231 (56%) cases the infection was considered to be < 3 years old. Among homosexual men and heterosexual women the infection was usually acquired in Sweden or Europe whilst heterosexual men more often acquired their infection at casual contacts on other continents.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Small-scale preparations in Sweden. Extemporaneous preparations and stock preparations at eleven community pharmacies.

Small-scale preparations, i.e. non-registered drugs that are extemporaneously prepared for each patient or made in larger batches for stock keeping, form a small but important group of drugs, especially for patients with rare diseases or allergies. Small-scale preparations are not included in the otherwise comprehensive statistics compiled by the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies and this makes knowledge of the use of these drugs limited. The occurrence of small-scale preparations was studied at eleven community pharmacies over a three-year period (1987-1989) by analysis of the orders from the pharmacies to the four production units of the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies in the first quarter of each study year. The number of small-scale preparations dispensed were compared with the total sales of drugs at each pharmacy. The proportion of small-scale preparations in the total drug sales was about 1.5% throughout the study period, but there were fluctuations over time at the individual pharmacies. The most common dosage forms were creams, liniments and mixtures. Dermatological drugs in different dosage forms were the most frequent (almost 50%). This was probably because of the necessity for a great variety of different strengths among these drugs.

Community Pharmacy Services↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy of enprofylline in acute airway obstruction.

The efficacy and safety of different regimens of intravenously administered enprofylline, an anti-asthma xanthine, were evaluated in a randomized open study, including 155 patients with acute exacerbation of obstructive lung disease. The regimen 2.5 mg/kg i.v. over 10 min was canceled after seven patients had been included, due to two cases of hypotensive/vasovagal reactions. The regimens 2.0 mg/kg/20 min and 2.5 mg/kg/20 min were significantly more effective with regard to bronchodilation than 2.0 mg/kg/10 min (PEF increase +35%, +30% and +17% respectively). Nausea and headache were the most common side effects (16-33% and 23-33% of the patients respectively on different regimens) with the lowest frequency on 2.0 mg/kg/20 min. Four additional hypotensive reactions occurred; one on each 2.0 mg/kg regimen and two on 2.5 mg/kg/20 min. The regimen 2.0 mg/kg20 min was found to be the most favourable with regard to efficacy and side effects. Enprofylline i.v. was found to be an effective bronchodilating treatment of acute airway obstruction but the frequency of side effects has to be considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Action of budesonide on asthmatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Effects on directly and indirectly acting bronchoconstrictors.

We have investigated the effects of inhaled budesonide on the bronchial responsiveness to both directly and indirectly acting spasmogens in man. Following treatment with budesonide or placebo for three weeks in a double-blind, crossover trial with a three-week washout, the response to histamine and bradykinin was determined in ten patients with mild asthma. After treatment with budesonide, the response to both inhaled histamine and bradykinin was decreased when compared with placebo. The PD35 histamine was increased by 1.95 doubling doses and PD35 bradykinin by 2.1 doubling doses. Daily (PEF) recordings were significantly increased during budesonide therapy, the morning PEF by 34.8 +/- 14.1 L/min and evening by 50.3 +/- 23.1 L/min. Baseline laboratory lung function on the study days was not altered by budesonide nor were symptom records altered significantly. Inhaled budesonide therefore inhibits to the same extent the exaggerated response to both directly acting histamine and bradykinin which acts through airway nerves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Use of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with mild asthma.

A double blind, parallel group study was carried out to investigate the effect of inhaled budesonide in a moderate (200 micrograms) and a low (100 micrograms) twice daily dosage compared with the effect of placebo in 103 adults with mild symptomatic asthma. Subjects recorded peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptoms, and beta 2 agonist consumption at home for a period of seven weeks (a one week run in and six weeks' treatment). Morning baseline PEF (around 80% of predicted normal) increased non-significantly to 88% with 200 micrograms budesonide daily and to 90% (p less than 0.05) with 400 micrograms, compared with 81% with placebo. Evening PEF (around 94% of predicted normal) did not change significantly with active or placebo treatment. By comparison with placebo, there was a significant decrease in nocturnal asthma symptoms and beta 2 agonist consumption. The changes during the day were less pronounced and significant only for 400 micrograms budesonide daily. No significant differences between the two active treatments were detected. It is concluded that low doses of inhaled budesonide are effective in patients with mild symptomatic asthma, particularly for night time symptoms and early morning lung function. The early introduction of inhaled corticosteroids for patients with mild asthma and night time symptoms may improve their quality of life during the night and early morning.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Comparison between theophylline and an adenosine non-blocking xanthine in acute asthma.

Enprofylline, a drug without adenosine antagonism and theophylline, a potent adenosine antagonist, were compared, double-blind, randomized, in acute asthma (n = 33). The drugs were given intravenously as loading over 10 min followed by maintenance infusion for 24 h. Mean final plasma levels were very high with enprofylline (14 mg.l), and larger than calculated with theophylline (16 mg.l). Seven patients had maximum levels of enprofylline ranging between 16 and 42 mg.l. Extreme plasma levels of enprofylline were not associated with any theophylline-like central nervous system excitatory effects related to seizure-inducing ability. Some irregularities in the heart rhythm did not raise clinical problems and no significant difference between enprofylline and theophylline was recorded. At 1 h patients on enprofylline (mean plasma level: 5.7 mg.l) and theophylline (12.2 mg.l) had improved their peak expiratory flow rates by 31% and 15% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The improvement in lung function after 24 hours did not differ between treatments suggesting that the high levels of enprofylline were supramaximal for its anti-asthma effects in this situation. In conclusion, with enprofylline it is demonstrated that an adenosine non-blocking xanthine derivative may lack CNS-excitatory effects, but be more potent than theophylline in the treatment of acute asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of keloids with surgical excision and postoperative X-ray radiation.

124 patients with keloids were treated with surgical excision followed by postoperative X-ray radiation, begun within 24 hours after surgery. Only patients with a two-year keloid history were included in this study. The treatment results were evaluated 6 and 24 months after treatment. There was good correlation agreement between subjective and objective evaluations. Good or excellent results were observed in 92% of the patients. Side effects were moderate. Slight hyperpigmentation was found in 31% of the patients and telangiectasis in 15%. It was concluded that excision and early postoperative irradiation constitute effective keloid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the sleep apnea syndrome. Predictors of results.

A prospective study of 34 consecutive patients with the sleep apnea syndrome was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of, and predictors of, results in a conservative type of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). At six months, 65% of the patients had a 50% or greater reduction in the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour (responders). The responders to UPPP were less severely affected preoperatively regarding apneas and hypopneas, the mean number of which (+/- SD) were 32.7 +/- 20.8 compared with 64.6 +/- 26.0. They also had a lower body mass index before UPPP (31.3 +/- 4.1 vs 36.0 +/- 7.0 kg/m2). Preoperative computed tomography and cephalometry indicated that the nonresponders had narrower upper airways. It is concluded that UPPP is the treatment of choice for mild to moderate sleep apnea syndrome, but not for severely affected, heavily overweight patients with an increased tongue width.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men--an epidemiological study.

The prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) among Swedish men 30-69 years old was estimated by a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, 4064 questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of a defined population in the municipality of Uppsala. The response rate was almost 80%; 15.6% of the responders were habitual snorers and 5.8% complained of daytime sleepiness. From these, a group of 166 men highly suspected of having SAS was selected. Eventually, 61 of these came for all-night polysomnographic studies, and 15 of these were found to have SAS. On this basis the lower limit of the prevalence of SAS was estimated to be as high as 1.3%. The majority of subjects with the syndrome were in the age group 50-59 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Topical prostaglandin E2 in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers--a pilot study.

The results of treatment with topical PGE2 dispersed in hydrocolloid granules, in nine patients with chronic leg ulcers is reported. The healing process was evaluated by stereophotogrammetry, which enables objective measurements of ulcer area and volume. Ulcers in eight patients healed completely and that in the ninth, almost completely. These results suggest that topical PGE2 has a beneficial effect in the treatment of leg ulcers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Local treatment of venous leg ulcers.

At present the following guidelines for treatment of venous leg ulcers from our department are: Check the patients' general health--special attention to heart incompensation with oedema of the legs and the peripheral circulation. The most relevant laboratory tests are haemoglobin and urine-glucose. Routine bacterial cultivation is not necessary in non-diabetic patients as the result will generally not influence diagnosis, treatment or prognosis. Furthermore, treatment with topical antibiotics should be avoided. It is not only unnecessary, wasteful and sensitizing, but it also involves a risk of causing antibiotic resistance. Systematic antibiotic therapy is indicated only when obvious inflammatory signs in the tissues surrounding the ulcer are present, e.g. erysipelas or cellulitis. Non-sensitizing topical remedies should be applied. Avoid wool, alcohols, parabens, topical antibiotics and oxiquinolines. When eczema occurs use a hydrocortisone preparation in an inert base. Epicutaneous testing might be indicated. Bandages to be recommended are double-layer bandages consisting of an inner zinc oxide impregnated stocking and an outer elastic bandage and hydrocolloid dressing plus compression bandage.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗