Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Durand.
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Are reported: the first one, observed in Tananarive, on a 26 years old man born in Madagascar, with involvement of sacroiliac articulation and rachis. The second one, observed in Marseille on a 20 years old man who was born in la Reunion, with serious right coxitis and sacroileitis. In the second case, the investigation of HLA B27 antigen was positive. Both cases were probably primitive. A review of literature shows unusualness of ankylosing spondylitis in tropical countries.
The places microsurgery and in vitro fertilization (IVF) hold, respectively, in the treatment of tubal infertility are evaluated. "Optimal" and "acceptable" results of the two techniques are compared, and future results are talked about. Most of the indications for microsurgery are still valid, some are debatable (salpingostomies with bad prognosis, repeated surgery, tubal transplant, etc.), and some new ones emerge. Technically speaking, IVF introduces some changes in surgery of the ovary and surrounding tissues and gives rise to new techniques. Diagnostic and therapeutic management is changed insofar as initial assessment, preoperative coelioscopy and, above all, postoperative monitoring are concerned. The microsurgeon, who is to remain a reproduction specialist, undergoes few personal changes, but his team must be organized on a multi-field basis in order to cope with the new techniques.
Immobilization of Saccharomyces uvarum onto solid carriers modifies their growth. When adsorbed onto glass or brick beads, synchronous yeast cycles and reduced generation times can be observed. The same phenomena take place when the cells are bound to the glass by glutaraldehyde. Synchronization of growth is also obtained with Schizosaccharomyces pombe amd Bacillus megaterium. These modifications do not result from an immobilization of cells in a particular state or from an interaction before linking.
During fermentation, yeast growth is rapidly stopped when the concentration of alcohol in the medium increases but fermentive activity is not entirely inhibited until high alcohol concentrations are reached. The rate of alcohol accumulation within the cells and certain kinetic parameters were simultaneously determined in such fermentative processes using Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cells. The growth inhibitory effect of alcohol was related to its retention inside within the cells; i.e. yeast multiplication is stopped when intracellular alcohol concentration reaches a maximum value. Moreover, the higher the temperature, the deeper the inhibitory effect of ethanol and the higher the maximal intracellular alcohol concentration. Activation energy determinations showed that ethanol accumulation within the cells was a consequence of the resistance to its diffusion through the cell wall from within to outside the cell.
Hepatosplenic disorders start in the invasion stage and are from immuno-allergic origin. Then, they develop during the ovular laying stage; hepatic disorders are due to periovular granulomatosis, and splenic disorders are due to reticulo-endothelial system reaction. Their last aspect is the portal fibrosis, called Symmer's "clay pipe", in which HTP is consequent to hepatic disorder and the main cause of splenomegaly. The location of S. japonicum and S. mansoni in pericolic veins explains that hepatic ovular deposits are much more frequent than with S. haematobium that is located in bladder veins. S. intercalatum, living in perirectal veins, may also disseminate some eggs in the liver. HTP most often requires surgical intervention. The diagnostic approach of hepatosplenic disorders in schistosomiasis is described and discussed.
Two approaches, a questionnaire administered to pregnant women and interviews independently with selected individuals in posts of responsibility, were used to assess (i) the perception of HIV screening among patients attending a Maternal and Child Health Clinic and (ii) the attitudes of health staff and local authorities. One hundred and thirty five pregnant women were individually interviewed in their native language at the Farakan Maternal and Child Health Clinic, Bobo Dioulasso. Ninety six percent accepted the principle of being screened for HIV, and 91% wanted to be given the result, 46% in the presence of a family member. The person most often chosen to share the announcement of the result was the regular partner. Three physicians, two midwives, a hospital director, a parish priest and a politician were interviewed. One midwife did not approve of offering screening tests in the absence of available treatment. Four of these individuals suggested that the presence of a member of the family during counselling would be valuable to promote a sense of partnership. Many reasons were given to explain the difficulties associated with announcing the results of tests. They included: the absence of treatment; the cost of the test; the lack of confidentiality; psychosocial consequences; the reaction, particularly fear, of the patient; difficulties associated with communication and with changing behavior. These observations contribute to a basis for analysis to develop a local and national consensus about HIV testing and counselling for pregnant woman.