Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Dhom

Publications and source records attributed to G Dhom.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Histopathology of prostate carcinoma. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

The prognosis of prostate cancer depends largely on the degree of differentiation. Therefore the pathologist plays an important part in diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. There are three different growth patterns: glandular, cribriform, and solid-undifferentiated. In the glandular pattern, well and poorly differentiated forms are to be distinguished. Well differentiated adenocarcinomas are observed predominantly in benign nodular hyperplasia as incidental carcinomas. In case of differentiation from benign proliferations, the behaviour of the cellular nucleus--size, form, and characteristics of nucleolus--is decisive. Inflammatory stromal reaction is always absent. The growth pattern and degree of nuclear atypia determine the degree of malignancy to be demonstrated in a score. In clinically manifest carcinomas, pluriform patterns are prevailing. The lowest degree of differentiation of each case counts for the grading. In incidental carcinomas, the extension of the carcinoma has to be determined by the resection material. Here the nodular carcinoma represents a special form primarily located in the centre and obviously developing from a nodular hyperplasia. The differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer may cause great problems. Primary and secondary--postatrophic--hyperplasias may be similar to a glandular and cribriform carcinoma. Atypical hyperplasias of irregular nuclear pattern are present. Carcinoma in situ is not the proper term for such proliferations. Concerning rare types of prostate carcinomas, the urothelial carcinoma, the carcinoma with argentaffine cells, so-called endometrioid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas are of importance. Following conservative, antiandrogen and radio-therapy characteristic regressive alterations can be observed in the prostate carcinoma. Response and resistance to therapy of the local tumor growth may be assessed during follow-up. A grading system is proposed for this purpose. Among all markers immunohistochemically demonstrable, only the presence of acid prostate phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen is of practical diagnostic importance in prostate cancer up to now.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Urothelial carcinoma of the prostate.

Urothelial carcinoma is a rare type of prostatic carcinoma which as a rule bears an unfavourable prognosis. In our material it comprises 4.5% of all prostatic carcinomas. It can occur isolated in the prostate as well as in connection with a urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, which may have directly infiltrated the prostate. Almost one-third of our cases are combined with an ordinary carcinoma of the prostate. The majority of pure urothelial carcinomas, with or without bladder involvement, are found in stages 0-B (59 of 68 cases). When combined with an ordinary prostatic carcinoma, most urothelial carcinomas (20 of 29 cases) are present in stages C and D. Independent of bladder involvement, 24 urothelial carcinomas are grade II and 86 grade III tumours. Survival times range from 12 to 84 months (average 34.8 months) in grade II and from 1 to 103 months (average 29.5 months) in grade III carcinomas. Problems in differential diagnosis arise when urothelial carcinoma has to be distinguished from solid or, rarely, cribriform prostatic carcinoma. Diagnostic criteria for urothelial carcinoma are compact formations without stroma being sharply delineated from stroma, extensive ductal growth pattern with necroses of comedo type, high mitotic rates and perifocal inflammation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Endorectal sonography in rectal carcinoma].

In the period from 1983 to 1985 forty-two of sixty patients with rectal cancer were examined in a prospective trial by endorectal ultrasound. The infiltration depth of the tumor was evaluated against the pathological findings of the excised specimen. The assessment of tumor infiltration depth by digital examination (clinical staging) was impossible or incomplete in 18 cases. Endorectal ultrasound was not correct in 14.2 per cent. In none of the patients examined infiltration depth was underestimated sonographically. Technics and criteria for interpretation are discussed. Endorectal ultrasound seems promising in pretherapeutic staging of rectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiologic aspects of latent and clinically manifest carcinoma of the prostate.

The worldwide incidence of prostate cancer differs greatly. The black population of the USA is at the head, while the Asian populations have the lowest incidence and mortality rates. Comparative geographic-pathologic autopsy studies on frequency nd growth type of latent prostate carcinomas show that in populations with a lower incidence, for example Japan and Singapore, latent carcinomatous foci are not considerably rarer than in regions with high incidence. However, obvious differences are seen when comparing the size of the foci and the growth types. In countries with low incidence and mortality rate, the foci of the latent prostate carcinoma are small and show a slight proliferating tendency, whereas in countries with high incidence and mortality rate, they are frequently larger and more aggressive. Consequently, the different incidence of prostate cancer is not based on different initiation of malignant transformation, but on different promoting factors. In histologic-bioptical specimens from regions with high incidence and mortality rate, pluriform tumor types of malignancy grade G III and G II prevail. Definite causes of prostate cancer could not be detected by case control and migration studies up to now.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Invasive dysgerminoma in a girl with 45,X/46,X; mar mosaicism.

We report a 16-year-old girl with features of Turner's syndrome from whom an invasive dysgerminoma was removed. Cytotoxic drugs were given for the next 12 months. Mosaicism of two karyotypes (45,X/46,X; mar) was found in various tissues. The literature is reviewed with special regard to cytogenetic findings and prognosis of malignant growth and differentiation of dysgenetic gonads.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Therapy of prostatic cancer and histopathologic follow-up.

The histopathologic follow-up of local tumor regression of prostatic cancer under hormonal treatment or following high-voltage therapy is an objective standard to determine a therapeutic success. This report involves 308 patients, who were continuously controlled by serial biopsies, 1,138 punch biopsies, and 155 TURs from 1971 to 1981. On an average, there are 4.2 biopsies of each patient. The patients were treated with estradiol. They were divided into two groups by histologic classification: 1) adenocarcinomas with large and small acinar pattern (130 cases) and 2) carcinomas with cribriform and/or solid pattern, partly mixed with other glandular types (178 cases). We applied a score of 10 points to divide the histopathologic regression into three gradings: pronounced, moderate, and poor or no regression. In adenocarcinomas a pronounced regression can be seen in 67.8% following three or more years of hormonal treatment, and in 64.7% following primary high-voltage therapy, mostly combined with hormonal treatment or orchiectomy. In adenocarcinomas with poor or no regression a percentage of 20.4 or 14.7, respectively, can be seen. In cribriform and solid carcinomas a significant difference is present between hormonal treatment and radiotherapy. Following hormonal treatment only 20.2%, but following radiotherapy 63.6% show a pronounced regression. Accordingly, 48.8% of these carcinomas show no or only poor regression under hormonal treatment after three or more years of follow-up. Following radiotherapy, there are only 21.3%. The conformity of locally palpable finding and histopathologic grading of regression reaches 70%. If no agreement can be achieved, cases with better palpable finding than histopathologically recognizable regression prevail.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Peliosis of the female adrenal cortex of the aging rat.

Foci of apparent peliosis are regularly observed in the mid-zone of the adrenal cortex in female rats older than 600 days. The changes present range from ectasis of the sinusoids to extensive cystic change of the whole organ. This lesion occurs almost exclusively in female animals and was seen in only one of 50 male animals older than 600 days examined. Experimental stimulation or inhibition did not influence adrenal peliosis. Electron microscopically, there was marked pericapillary edema with collapse of the capillaries, and erythrocytes and thrombocytes were seen infiltrating the edema. Fibrin accumulated in the larger foci. Degenerative alterations were not observed either in the epithelial cells of the cortex or in mesenchymal cells. The pathogenesis is unknown, but the possible role of constant estrus in aging female rats will be discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗