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Biomedical subjects

G Deloche

Publications and source records attributed to G Deloche.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Images of numbers, or "When 98 is upper left and 6 sky blue".

Some people declare that they possess a personal visual representation of numbers: some automatically "see" the numbers they are confronted with in a precise location in a structured mental space, others "associate" specific colours with given numbers. Such visuo-spatial representations of numbers were first described by Galton in 1880 but have since received little attention from psychologists. It is the aim of this article to describe these mental representations and discuss their role in number processing. The authors first review Galton's observations, and then present their own. Finally, they discuss the relevance of these visuo-spatial representations in relation to contemporary debates on number representation and calculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dot counting by brain damaged subjects.

In this study, we examine how brain damaged adults (aphasics, right-brain lesioned subjects (RBD), and demented subjects) perform a basic education skill: determining the cardinality of different sets of objects (dots). The RBD subjects encountered more difficulty with the spatial correspondence components of the task (correct pointing to the dots), while the aphasics experienced more difficulty with the verbal components (the production of the correct number-word sequence). The deficit evidenced by the demented patients was less systematic. However, qualitative analyses of patients' behavior suggested an organization that tended to minimize the impact of their cognitive deficits on the object-counting task, and an analysis of their counting indicates that the basic counting principles proposed by Gelman (1982) and Fuson (1988) may be preserved.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1987

Right hemisphere language processing: lateral difference with imageable and nonimageable ambiguous words.

Influence of imageability on hemispheric processing difference is studied in a lexical decision task with semantic priming. Homographs and ambiguous words were biased according to the prime toward their low or high imageable meanings and unilaterally presented in the visual field. A right visual field (RVF) superiority was observed; it was nonsignificant for the high imageable (HI) meaning but significant for the low imageable (LI) meaning of the ambiguous words. Thus the results seem to favor a bilateral hemispheric representation of HI words and a unilateral left representation of LI words. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed to the various models of ambiguous word access processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Syntactical knowledge in a case of agrammatism: evidence from transcoding Roman and Arabic numerals.

The ability of an aphasic subject with agrammatism in both comprehension and production to transcribe quantities from Roman numerals to Arabic and the reverse was investigated. Systematic errors in the transcoding processes were observed that could not be accounted for by the peculiarities of the two ideographic coding systems or by difficulties with direct transcoding rules. The results are discussed in the framework of the current debate on preserved/impaired hierarchical syntactical knowledge of agrammatic subjects. The findings paralleled the results of previous studies on the transcoding skills of agrammatics from/to alphabetic numerals to/from digital forms. In the case of this particular patient, it is therefore tentatively concluded in favor of preserved syntactical knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

From 2 to two: an analysis of a transcoding process by means of neuropsychological evidence.

This study investigates the abilities of aphasic subjects to transcode numbers from the digital code into the alphabetic code. The subjects' performances are considered first as dependent on general structural parameters such as item length or due to general behavioral impairments such as serial ordering disturbances. The second analysis focuses on typical aphasic errors in the processing of lexical primitives that are not specific to the linguistic material used in this transcoding task, such as literal or morphemic paragraphias . The third analysis considers the erroneous transcriptions as resulting from partial or inappropriate use of a subset of normal transcoding strategies. The latter approach proves to be particularly powerful in accounting for the systematicity of the errors produced by aphasic subjects. The result thus appear to be relevant to the study of the psycholinguistic mechanisms responsible for performing such transcoding tasks by normals.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Semantic errors reconsidered in the procedural light of stack concepts.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of the stack concept in neuropsycholinguistics, a stack being a file with serially ordered elements. Number names (one, two, three, . . .) and the names of the days in the week may be viewed in this way. In a stack structure, any element is identified by two pieces of information: the particular stack to which it belongs and its position within that stack. Two experiments are reported that demonstrate a double dissociation. A deep dyslexic patient with agrammatism was found to sort stack elements on the basis of identity of position-within-stacks, while a fluent aphasic with semantic verbal paraphasias used another criterion, grouping together the items of the same stack. First revealed when handling number names, the two psycholinguistic procedures are also shown to be differentially operative with other linguistic material. Introducing the stack concept thus permits a procedural reinterpretation of some "semantic confusions," particularly but not exclusively those dealing with quantities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

From 4 to four. A supplement to 'From three to 3'.

The psycholinguistic investigation of the ability of patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia to transcode quantities from the ideographic digital coding system to alphabetical numerals parallels our previous study on the reverse transcoding task. The results support the generality of differential impairment of syntactic/nonsyntactic skills in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

From three to 3: a differential analysis of skills in transcoding quantities between patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.

A psycholinguistic investigation into the ability of aphasic patients to transcode integer quantities from written numeral forms into digit strings is reported. Broca's aphasics experienced specific difficulties in handling the grammatical structure underlying word order and also, on the word level, the bound morphemes relative to the root morphemes. Wernicke's aphasics seemed to have lexical troubles reflected by some purely lexical confusions together with serial order disturbances. These findings support the hypothesis of differential preserved/impaired skills according to type of aphasia, but having a high level of generality since they appear in classic linguistic tasks as well as in the domain of numbers.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lexical meaning: a case report, some striking phenomena, theoretical implications.

A case of global aphasia is reported. In spite of severe impairments in auditory comprehension, as testified by failure in matching spoken words to pictured objects, the patient performed significantly higher than chance level in sorting out the odd item from a spoken list of semantically related words. This preserved ability to achieve the semantic processing of "non-understood" spoken words in the given task is compared to similar experimental data from the study of written word comprehension in dyslexic patients or normal subjects. Taken together, these data call for a procedural approach of the lexicon. In this theoretical framework, lexical meaning should not only be stored and retrieved but it should be computed at each word occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A computer-based therapy for the treatment of aphasic subjects with writing disorders.

A computer-controlled rehabilitation for aphasics with writing impairments is presented. Subjects were asked to type words under dictation. Each time a letter was typed in its correct position, it was displayed on a screen. If the contrary, the error was not displayed, thus avoiding visual reinforcement of false choices. This method of rehabilitation has proved efficient as concerns typewriting. More importantly, some learning transfer to handwriting was observed at the completion of experimental training. The results showed a significant reduction in the number of misspelled words as well as in the erroneous choice and serial ordering of letters. The stability of the observed improvement is discussed in relationship to variables such as the time elapsed since brain damage and the type of writing difficulty.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Kinesthetic aphasia associated with a pseudothalamic syndrome (author's transl)].

Kinesthetic aphasia, as described by Luria, was evoked in a case of aphasia associated with a "pseudothalamic syndrome" of partial superficial Sylvian infarction. A neurolinguistic study of oral utterances enabled qualitative and quantitative analysis of the errors: the disorder is characterized by the high incidence of articulation substitutions. A comparative study differentiated such disorders of oral expression from other aphasic disorders of expression (arthric disorders and phonemic jargon). Kinesthetic aphasia is distinguished by this clinical specificity and by the site of the lesion in the anterior parietal region of the dominant hemisphere.

Aged↗