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Biomedical subjects

G Delage

Publications and source records attributed to G Delage.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Combined passive-active immunization against the hepatitis B virus of 132 newborns of chronic carrier mothers: long term results.

One hundred thirty-two newborns of carrier mothers were given combined passive-active immunization against the hepatitis B virus. Doses of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) were 0.5 ml, and doses of vaccine (Heptavax B) were 10 micrograms. Schedules used were: HBIG, 0, 3 and 6 months and vaccine 1, 2 and 7 months (Schedule 1); HBIG, 0, 3 and 6 months, vaccine, 7, 8 and 13 months (Schedule 2); HBIG, 0 month and vaccine 1, 2 and 7 months (Schedule 3); HBIG, 0 month and vaccine 0, 1 and 6 months (Schedule 4). The study population consisted of 60 boys and 72 girls. Ethnic origins were the following: Haitian, 42; Cambodian, 33; French Canadian, 22; Vietnamese, 21; others, 14. Thirty-two children were born to hepatitis B e antigen-positive mothers. General outcome was: 121 became anti-hepatitis B surface antigen-positive; 5 became hepatitis B surface antigen-positive; and 6 remained negative for all markers (nonresponders). Sex, ethnic origin and immunization schedule had no influence on the outcome. Of the 32 children born to hepatitis B e antigen-positive mothers, only 4 became hepatitis B surface antigen-positive. In those who became anti-hepatitis B surface antigen-positive, mean serum anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody concentrations (log mIU/ml +/- SD) were: 3.47 +/- 1.03 at 8 to 9 months post-Vaccine 1; 2.89 +/- 0.91 at 14 to 17 months; 2.39 +/- 1.0 at 23 to 29 months; and 2.26 +/- 0.92 at 35 to 41 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carrier State↗
PubMed1988

Individualized aminoglycoside dosage regimens in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Individualized dosage regimens have recently been recommended for patients treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics. We have developed a calculator-based program for our patients with cystic fibrosis and have studied 93 courses of intravenous aminoglycoside treatment, comparing predicted and measured values in 45 courses. Pharmacokinetic parameters differed notably among subjects: this was reflected by widely variable total daily aminoglycoside dosage requirements. The mean daily dosage requirements (+/- SD) for tobramycin (62 treatment courses) was 13.0 +/- 3.74 mg/kg, and for gentamicin (26 treatment courses) was 11.5 +/- 2.6 mg/kg. The accuracy of the program was evaluated by its ability to predict peak and trough values in individuals: 84 percent of measured peaks were within 2 micrograms/ml of the predicted level. Nephrotoxicity was observed in one patient, ototoxicity in three. This program provides a simple, safe, and effective method of tailoring an aminoglycoside regimen to the patient's needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pathogens in children with severe combined immune deficiency disease or AIDS.

We evaluated the frequency and severity of illnesses caused by various microbial pathogens in 15 children with severe combined immune deficiency disease (SCID) and 8 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). There were 35 viral, 23 bacterial, 19 mycotic and 13 parasitic infections. Nineteen of the 23 patients died of infection; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, giant-cell pneumonia due to paramyxoviruses and various disseminated viral infections were responsible for most deaths in both groups. The emerging role of paramyxoviruses was illustrated by the fact that they were responsible for giant-cell pneumonia in seven patients. Viral enteric infections were frequent in both groups. The variety of infectious microorganisms and the severity of resulting illnesses in the patients with AIDS were similar to those in the patients with SCID.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women in the Montreal area.

From January 1982 to June 1984, 30,315 serum specimens from pregnant women at nine hospitals in the Montreal area were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Of the specimens 103, from 98 women, were positive, a prevalence rate of 3.4 per 1000. The ethnic origin of the 98 women and the number who were also positive for e antigen (HBeAg) were as follows: French-Canadian, 29 (3 HBeAg-positive); Asian, 28 (14); Haitian, 32 (0); other, 7 (0); and unknown, 2 (0). The prevalence rates of HBsAg positivity according to ethnic origin at one of the hospitals were 73.9 in Asians, 33.1 in Haitians, 0.9 in French Canadians and 8.0 in women of other extraction. If the prevalence rate found in this study is true for the 95 000 live births that occur yearly in the province of Quebec, there are an estimated 323 infants at risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection each year in the province. Screening programs for detecting HBV carriage in pregnant women should be instituted, since recent studies have shown combined active-passive immunization to be effective in preventing perinatal transmission of HBV infection.

Asia↗
PubMed1984

Serogroups and serotypes of pneumococci in Montreal: correlations with age, outcome and indications for vaccination.

The serogroups or serotypes of 262 pneumococcal isolates obtained from the blood and other body fluids of 260 patients in the Montreal area during a 3-year period were determined. The distribution of the 30 different serogroups detected was generally similar to what has been reported in other Canadian provinces and in the United States. However, the distributions in pediatric patients (less than 18 years old) and adults were significantly different (p less than 0.001). Serogroup 15 was relatively frequent in the adults. In the pediatric patients 88% and 91% of the 150 isolates were related to the 14-valent and the new 23-valent vaccines respectively. In the adults the comparable proportions were 70% and 89% of the 112 isolates. The mortality rate was 6% in the pediatric patients and 41% in the adults. Previous use of pneumococcal vaccine in the pediatric patients would have prevented only one death because most were less than 2 years old or did not have conditions regarded as indications for vaccination. Such underlying diseases were found in 58% of the adults, though. The mortality rate was 26% in the adults who were less than 65 years of age and were without these underlying conditions but rose to 65% in older patients; the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.02).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in operable breast cancer: updated results of a randomised trial.

The results of a randomised trial of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid given as adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer were reviewed after a mean follow up period of 87 months. Of the 300 patients included in the original trial, 145 had been allocated to conventional treatment alone and served as controls. At the time of review the overall survival of the group given polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid was significantly improved (p less than 0.05) as compared with that of the controls given conventional treatment alone. Significant benefit (p less than 0.02) was also observed among patients with evidence of disease in lymph nodes, the best results occurring in those with up to three invaded nodes, who showed a significant increase in both overall and relapse free survival. No evidence of toxicity was recorded. These findings confirm the value of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid as adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer. Results in an experimental model and in patients receiving the adjuvant suggested a possible role of interferon and natural killer (NK) cells in the mechanism of action.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Severe protracted diarrhea due to multiresistant adherent Escherichia coli.

We studied 15 cases of severe protracted diarrhea due to a strain of Escherichia coli serotype 0111: K58 :H2. The clinical features of these patients were compared with those of 18 patients infected with other enteropathogenic serotypes of E coli. More patients infected with 0111: K58 :H2 strains had been treated with ampicillin (six of 15 v one of 18), and more were dehydrated (nine of 15 v two of 18) and in a toxic condition (nine of 15 v three of 18). The number of stools per day (14.1 v 6.8), the total duration of the diarrhea (24.7 v 7.0 days), and the frequency of relapses (six of 15 v none of 18) were also greater in these patients. A large number had a serum sodium level below 135 mEq/L (ten of 15 v none of 18) and a serum protein level below 11 mEq/L (six of 15 v none of 18). At least two infants infected with E coli 0111: K58 :H2 manifested a urinary tract infection. All 15 strains of E coli 0111: K58 :H2 studied adhered to HeLa cell lines, whereas none of the strains isolated from the second group were adherent. None of the 0111: K58 :H2 strains produced enterotoxins, and they were negative in the Ser eny test. All adherent strains were resistant to many antibiotics.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

A monoclonal antibody to the double-stranded polyribonucleotide complex poly(A) X poly(U).

A monoclonal antibody to the double-stranded polyribonucleotide complex poly(A) . poly(U) was derived from the fusion of spleen cells from immunized DBA/2 mice and the P3 X X63-Ag8 plasma cytoma. Specificity studies using radioimmunoassays showed that the anti-poly(A) . poly(U) does not cross-react with single-stranded polyribonucleotides. RNA X DNA hybrids or DNAs. In addition to RNA duplexes associating adenine and uracil, it recognizes synthetic poly(I) . poly(C) and naturally occurring reovirus RNA. It is thus directed against a conformational epitope with an absolute requirement for two polyribose phosphate chains. However, the antibody does not cross-react with poly(G) . poly(C) and is therefore able to distinguish between RNA double helices.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Septicemia associated with urinary infection in infants. Apropos of 36 cases].

While studying 213 cases of septicemia among children less than one year of age, we found 36 cases of septicemia with bacteriuria. Among these 213 septicemic children, urinary tract infection (UTI) was second only to meningitis as an associated focus of infection. A radiological investigation was done in 27 cases; the pyelography or the cystography was abnormal in 14 instances, and 6 of these 14 patients needed to be surgically corrected.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1984

Giant cell pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus. Occurrence in severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 6-month-old male infant with a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was hospitalized for progressive respiratory distress. Examination during hospitalization disclosed widespread pulmonary infiltrates that did not respond to intensive therapy. The patient died eight days after admission. Autopsy disclosed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and widespread giant cell pneumonia. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was grown from a lung specimen obtained at autopsy. Specific immunofluorescent staining of the cytoplasm of alveolar lining cells with RSV antiserum was demonstrated. The electron microscopic appearance of giant cells was compatible with RSV infection. The RSV should be added to the list of viruses causing giant cell pneumonia.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Development of the risk of infection in the child with leukemia].

Infection is the leading cause of illness and death in children with leukemia. The risk of infection may change over time as regimens of therapy are modified. A review of the hospital charts of 166 infants in whom leukemia had been diagnosed between 1976 and 1980 revealed an increased number of deep fungal infections (20 v. 3) during this period in comparison with the number between 1969 and 1976 in 164 patients treated at the same hospital whose leukemia was diagnosed between 1969 and 1975. The 20 severe fungal infections between 1976 and 1980 were characterized by difficulty of diagnosis (a definite diagnosis having been made three times out of four only at autopsy), an important role of Candida but also of Aspergillus (the latter having been isolated almost as often as the former) and a grave prognosis (the mortality being very high [75%] and much above that for gram-positive septicemia [6%] and that for gram-negative septicemia [31%]). This increase in frequency of fungal infections was concurrent with the introduction of phase-1 chemotherapy, which was often responsible for prolonged neutropenia. To reduce the risk of infection in children with leukemia it appears to be essential to improve diagnostic methods and approaches to therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Infections of the central nervous system caused by enterovirus: 223 cases seen at a pediatric hospital between 1973 and 1981].

Between 1973 and 1981, 223 patients were seen at hôpital Sainte-Justine in Montreal for enteroviral infection of the nervous system. In 161 the cause was documented by isolation of an enterovirus from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The viruses most frequently isolated were echovirus 11 (36 isolates), echovirus 30 (24), coxsackievirus B2 (23), coxsackievirus B3 (19), echovirus 6 (18), coxsackievirus B5 (16), coxsackievirus A9 (15), echovirus 9 (13), echovirus 7 (12) and coxsackievirus B1 (11). Aseptic meningitis was diagnosed in 200 cases and encephalitis in 12. The remaining 11 patients presented with the features of septicemia or with convulsions. In 33 patients an enterovirus was isolated from the CSF in the absence of pleocytosis. Polymorphonuclear cell predominance was noted in the initial CSF sample in 95 cases; it was persistent in 11. There were five mixed infections; in three cases two viruses were isolated from the same CSF sample. Two patients died: one, a child with hypogammaglobulinemia, had fatal polioencephalitis; the other, a 6-month-old infant brought to the emergency room in unexplained cardiopulmonary arrest, had echovirus 6 meningitis. Of the 172 patients admitted to hospital 96 received parenteral antibiotic therapy. The impact of enteroviral infections of the central nervous system on hospital resources could be substantially reduced if a rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory method of diagnosing these infections were available.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗