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Biomedical subjects

G Debry

Publications and source records attributed to G Debry.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential teratogenic and neurodevelopmental consequences of coffee and caffeine exposure: a review on human and animal data.

The teratogenic effect of caffeine has been clearly demonstrated in rodents. The sensitivity of different animals species is variable. Malformations have been demonstrated in mice at 50-75 mg/kg of caffeine, whereas the lowest dose usually needed to induce malformations is 80 mg/kg in rats. However, when caffeine is administered in fractioned amounts during the day, 330 mg/kg/day are necessary to reach teratogenicity in rats. In rodents, the most frequently observed malformations are those of the limbs and digits, ectrodactyly, craniofacial malformations (labial and palatal clefts) and delays in ossification of limbs, jaw and sternum. Nevertheless, even in rodents, caffeine can be considered as a weak teratogenic agent, given the quite large quantities of caffeine necessary to induce malformations and the small number of animals affected. In humans, caffeine does not present any teratogenic risk. The increased risk of the most common congenital malformations entailed by moderate consumption of caffeine is very slight. However, caffeine potentiates the teratogenic effect of other substances, such as tobacco, alcohol, and acts synergistically with ergotamine and propranolol to induce materno-fetal vasoconstrictions leading to malformations induced by ischemia. Therefore, even though caffeine does not seem to be harmful to the human fetus when intake is moderate and spread out over the day, some associations, especially with alcohol, tobacco, and vasoconstrictive or anti-migraine medications should be avoided. Maternal consumption of caffeine affects brain composition, especially in case of a low-protein diet and also seems to interfere with zinc fixation in brain. Maternal exposure to caffeine induces also long-term consequences on sleep, locomotion, learning abilities, emotivity, and anxiety in rat offspring, whereas in humans, more studies are needed to ascertain long-term behavioral effects of caffeine ingestion by pregnant mothers.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Precautions to be taken in the analysis of total N-nitroso compounds.

Methodologies used to assess N-nitroso compounds as a group by chemical denitrosation with hydrogen bromide in glacial acetic acid have been described. Carrying out these analyses without precautions can cause considerable variations in results. Some pitfalls must be avoided in order to obtain valuable results and accurate interpretations.

Chemical Fractionation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of retinopathy is similar in diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis with or without pancreatectomy and in idiopathic diabetes mellitus.

In a retrospective study, we compared the prevalence of retinopathy in two groups of 88 diabetic patients (84 men, 4 women) with either diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis (CP-DM group) or idiopathic diabetes mellitus (I-DM group). The patients of these two groups were pair-matched according to age (48.7 +/- 1.1 versus 48.8 +/- 1.0 yr in CP-DM and I-DM groups, respectively; mean +/- SEM), sex, duration of diabetes (7.96 +/- 0.56 versus 8.08 +/- 0.8 yr) and therapy (80 on insulin and 8 on oral hypoglycemic agents in each group). Retinopathy was assessed by bilateral ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus after pupillary dilation in all 176 patients and by fluorescein angiography in 47 patients with CP-DM and 35 patients with I-DM. Forty-one percent of patients in the CP-DM group and 45.5% of patients in the I-DM group had diabetic retinopathy (P greater than 0.5). In each group, patients with retinopathy were older than patients without retinopathy (51.6 +/- 1.3 versus 46.7 +/- 1.8 yr in the CP-DM group, P less than 0.01, and 52.1 +/- 1.5 versus 46.0 +/- 1.2 yr in the ID-M group, P less than 0.01). They had diabetes of longer duration (10.9 +/- 1.0 versus 5.9 +/- 0.6 yr in the CP-DM group, P less than 0.001, and 10.5 +/- 1.0 versus 6.0 +/- 0.6 yr in the ID-M group, P less than 0.001). The prevalence of retinopathy increased parallel to the duration of diabetes in a similar way in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of exchange of ham for boiled egg on plasma glucose and insulin responses to breakfast in normal subjects.

Blood glucose (BG) and plasma insulin (IRI) were measured during two breakfasts different only by the nature of proteins--egg (E) or ham (H)--in eight normal subjects. Compared with H, E led to a flattened BG response at 30, 40, and 50 min and to a sustained BG from 150 to 240 min. Integrated BG response was not significantly different between E and H. After E, the IRI response decreased at 90 min and 120 min (P less than 0.05). Integrated IRI response with E was significantly smaller than with H (P less than 0.025). The reasons for the effect of E ingestion on BG are not obvious; pancreatic and/or intestinal mechanisms may be involved. It is suggested that greater consideration be given to the protein composition of the test meals when they are used in studies of glucose homeostasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychological aspects of remission induced by intensive insulin therapy in type I diabetes. A retrospective study of 44 patients].

The psychological consequences of induced remission of type 1 diabetes, have not yet been investigated thoroughly. We studied the psychological status of 44 patients (16 women, 28 men), age 21 years +/- 8 months (mean +/- SD), whose remission lasted 12 +/- 9 months. Patients' psychological reactions were analyzed retrospectively, using a 20 items standardized questionnaire, investigating 3 successive periods: 1) initial intensive insulin therapy; 2) remission; 3) permanent insulin therapy. 8% of the subjects only considered the remission phase useless, whereas 49% expressed a positive appraisal. Hope was predominant feeling, 25% of the patients believing in a completed recovery of diabetes. Perceived therapeutic constraints were, in decreasing order: regimen, way of life's regularity, self monitoring of blood glucose. When starting permanent insulin therapy, opposite answers were given: 49% negative feelings, 33% positive feelings and 18% ambivalent feelings. During this period, insulin injections represented the major therapeutic constraint, followed by self monitoring of blood glucose. To summarize, induced remission does not appear to be psychologically harmful and is considered useful by a large majority of patients. Effective psychological support has to be offered to help those patients to cope with their irrational hopes of healing and to dampen their deception at the end of the remission period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma insulin and glucagon after ingestion of meal enriched with increased doses of pectin in healthy man].

The effects of three doses of pectin (5, 10 and 15 g) included in a solid-liquid meal on the postprandial plasma insulin and glucagon responses were studied in 12 healthy men. The mean plasma glucagon level was significantly smaller with 5 g of pectin than the control values at 150 min (p less than 0.05) whereas plasma insulin values did not vary. No change in mean plasma glucagon and insulin levels was noted with 10 g and 15 g of pectin although the mean blood glucose levels were significantly higher than the control values at 180 min (p less than 0.05). Addition of pectin to a meal, even if the doses were relatively important, had little or no effect on the postprandial hormonal responses in healthy men. However, pectin could be of renewed interest because of the possibility of its action of satiety by means of sustained late blood glucose levels.

Adult↗