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Biomedical subjects

G Debry

Publications and source records attributed to G Debry.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Nitrosamines. Review].

Nitrosamines are an extremely carcinogenic class of compounds. The hasard, bound with the occurrence of this compounds in the food and the possibility to be formed in vivo, during the digestion, justifies the current works. The authors quoting numerous works on different laboratory's animals, remind the toxicity. and carcinogenicity of this compounds. The metabolism is also discussed. The N-nitroso, compounds may be formed in food from the presence of the precursors (nitrite or nitrate, amines and amino-acides). The synthesis takes place during the technological processes, the storage and the house cooking. Today, the marginal effect dose is estimated as 10 mug/kg of daily food. The carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in human, but is strongly suspected. The amount of N-nitroso compounds in human food is generally low. Many factors can influence the reaction; it is inversely related to the basicity of secondary amine and optimum pH is around pH 4. A lot of compounds such as sodium ascorbate inhibit the synthesis in food. A number of recent reports using reliable methodology have identified nitrosamines at the lower part per billion level. Dimethyl-nitrosamines occurs, very sporadically in a number of cooked meat samples. The nitrosopyrrolidine appears frequently in fried but not in uncooked products. The nitrosopiperidine seems to be bind with the presence of pepper in food. Finally the presence of nitrosamides (nitrososarcosine) and nitrosoaminoacides (nitrosoproline, nitrosohydroxy-proline) is being quested. The N-nitroso compounds may be synthetized in vivo during the digestion at the acide medium of the stomach or by bacterial action during the transit in the gut...

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

[Validity of nutrition survey methods].

The aim of all dietary surveys is to discover what the persons under investigations are in habit of eating. They could be used to collect data on a single individual and on several hundred of individuals. There are two types of methods used: --evaluation of global consumption, --precise dietary studies. Additional studies research conscious and unconscious factors of dietary consumption. Whatever the aim, dietary patterns are used to trace trends both retrospectively and prospectively. But the nutritionist must be aware of limitations of the methods and be constantly improving them. It is imperative, therefore, that critical evolution be made at every stage of the procedure. The interest of those studies is to identify the current nutrient intake of a group or an individual likewise during a longer period, so that we can define the evoluation and perhaps the reason behind them. In epidemiological work, they are a part of the whole given data. They could permit the evaluation of correlation with clinical or biological parameters or with a particular disease.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1976

[Development of human consumption of proteins in France during the past ten years (1965-1974)].

A rapid development in the alimentary comportment has been primarily due to socioeconomic and physico-sensorial factors. Protein consumption by the French population has modified over the past years. Even though the average ration is high and stable, approximatly 100 grams per day, protein malnutrition still exists. Actually, 16 p. 100 of the aged population, with moderate revenue, consume less than 45 grams of protein per day. Vegetal protein consumption over the last ten years has dropped by 14 p. 100 from 41,7 grams to 35,8 grams of 36 p. 100 of the total. A decline in the consumption of tender wheat down 20 p. 100 in ten years, is responsible for this reduction. Animal proteins represent 64 p. 100 of the ration protein which is a 10 p. 100 increase. However, the milk ration has dropped radically by less than 50 p. 100 during this same ten year period. This is compensated by an increase in cheese consumption, up 25 p. 100 and meat being more often purchased also up 15 p. 100. In the French population the protein ration is high and contains an overabundance of animal proteins associated with a high degree of saturated animal fats. Further studies must be made to permit a more precise evaluation of these consequences on public health and related industries in the alimentary field.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[The influence of glucagon on post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity in normal rats and in rats with diabetes induced by alloxan injection].

The authors compared the effect of glucagon on the post-heparinic lipolytic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Within their experimental conditions, it was considered that an injury of the cell stimulates a decrease of the glucagon-stimulating activity on the lipoprotein lipase: this hormone does not seem to have a direct action on the PHLA but an indirect one by the way of the insulin secretion it induces.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison of blood sugar measured by Hoffman's, glucose oxidase and dextrostix technics during the oral glucose tolerance test].

The venous blood sugar has been measured in 384 adult subjects, between 20 and 60 years if agem during two oral glocose tolerance tests, with three methods: Hoffman's method, Glucose-oxidase method, and assay with reflectance meter (DRM). A good correlation was found with all methods (erg = 0,6 at 60 mn after load); however, the results given by the DRM were lower. So, in spite of its practical and economical advantages, the DRM can neverbe used for the diagnosis of an anomaly in the OGTT results. This method is a good one in emergency situations and in mass screening for diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Circadian, circannual and other rhythms in spontaneous nutrient and caloric intake of healthy four-year olds.

Intake of total calories, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates was measured individually in four separate groups each of 26 to 29 children studied during different seasons of the year and an additional group of eight children investigated during all seasons. The subjects came from broken homes, had been abandoned or were orphans; 60% were males, 4 +/- 1.5 years of age (mean and standard error) and were of similar body weight and height. They were residents in one of two separate institutions in Nancy, France, living on similar, rigorously enforced schedules unchanged throughout the year. Socio-ecologic synchronization involved "lights-on" at 0700 "lights-out" at 1830, meals at 0800, 100, 1400 and 1800 with food of similar origin and kind, and similar timing of mental and physical activities. Each child was asked at fixed meal times to select spontaneously the kind and amount of food desired, uninfluenced as far as possible by choices of others, and to consume the food in any order. During seven days of adherence to this request, the amounts of protein, lipid, carbohydrate and total calories consumed at each meal were carefully determined for each individual. Time series thus obtained were analyzed according to the mean cosinor method for detecting and characterizing bioperiodic phenomena. A statistically significant circadian rhythm was detected in each of the 4 variables for each day of the best fitting sine function used to approximate the rhythm occurred around noon in almost all the studied circumstances. In other words the spontaneously larger meals were usually taken at 0800 (breakfast) and 1800 (supper). The trough of both lipid and protein spontaneous intake was clustered around 1800 only on Sunday. Cosinor analysis of individual seven-day time series (of each variable of each season) indicated a statistically significant circaseptan (approximately equal to 7-days) rhythm, with a peak occuring on Saturday, Sunday or Monday, but never on Wednesday. Changes in the weekly mean adjusted levels obtained by this method (as well as changes in mean values resulting from other statistical methods) demonstrate: 1) a circannual variation in spontaneous intake of lipids, carbohydrates and calories (protein changes are not statistically significant): 2) a peak of lipid intake, occuring in spring time, and a peak of carbohydrate and calorie intake, occuring in summer time. The probability of both exogenous and endogenous components of these rhythms is suggested.

Child, Preschool↗