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Biomedical subjects

G Corsini

Publications and source records attributed to G Corsini.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Calcitonin and beta-endorphin secretion.

Calcitonin is a peptide hormone secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland. This hormone mainly acts in preventing bone resorption. Furthermore, calcitonin is involved in other biological actions, and in particular it is able to relieve pain independently of its peripheral effects on bone. Here, we examine the possible mechanisms of calcitonin-induced analgesia, with particular regard to the opioid system involvement. Several studies in animals and in humans demonstrate that calcitonin increases plasma beta-endorphin levels, acting at the hypothalamic and/or at the pituitary level, either directly or indirectly, through monoaminergic neurotransmitters. However, this calcitonin-induced beta-endorphin release has not always been observed. These different results are discussed, and a possible implication of sex and/or calcitonin dose employed has been examined. We conclude that the analgesic effects of calcitonin are multifactorial, and beta-endorphin plays its own specific role.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of metadoxine on main biohumoral changes induced by chronic alcoholism].

The paper aims to evaluate the effects of metadoxine on liver function tests in chronic alcohol abusers without a clear alcohol dependence, by means of an open trial carried out in 7 hospitals in Tuscany. The study comprised 72 patients with a daily alcohol intake of at least 80 g for men and 30 g for women, over a period of at least 5 years. The patients were urgently requested to stop drinking, and were randomly divided into 2 groups, of which the first (52 subjects) was treated with metadoxine (500 mg twice a day) and the second (20 subjects) received only some vitamins. Interviews and blood tests were performed 1 and 2 months after the trial began. Statistical calculations were made using the chi-square and Student's tests. Metadoxine induced a more rapid reduction of SGOT and SGPT and, possibly, of Gammagt; these effects were especially evident, and were associated with a significant reduction of MCV, in 20 patients (12 in the first group and 8 in the second) in whom blood test abnormalities were greatest. No unfavorable side effects were observed that could be attributed to the drug. Metadoxine can therefore be considered a valuable resource in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Spontaneous grade I bundle of His block. Clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiological studies in 37 patients].

The clinical, ECG and electrophysiological data of 37 patients (28 males and 9 females) with spontaneous intra-hisian block are reported. Of these patients, 11 had hypertensive heart disease and 5 had ischemic heart disease with previous myocardial infarction; in 21 patients, clinical signs of heart disease were not evident. In 18 patients, a single or recurrent episode of syncope had occurred. One patient had junctional rhythm and 36 sinus rhythm; among these, 12 patients presented PR greater than 200 msec (7 with a narrow and 5 with a wide QRS); 12 patients had a single or bilateral bundle branch block; 12 had a normal ECG. The electrophysiological study showed a split H-H1 in 22 patients, a wide His deflection (H greater than 25 msec) in 4 and HV greater than 65 msec with narrow QRS in 11. In 17 patients a more or less marked sinoatrial node and/or atrioventricular node dysfunction was present. Atrial pacing, performed in all, induced 2nd degree Mobitz 2 intra-hisian block in 9 patients. Ajmaline was used in 16 patients but induced a complete intra-hisian block in only one. In 28 patients a preventive pacemaker was implanted after electrophysiological study. During the follow-up (mean 25 months/pt.), 38% of the patients developed complete atrioventricular block. No recurrence of syncope occurred in the paced patients. Comparison of patients who developed atrioventricular block and those who maintained normal atrioventricular conduction did not show differences as far as heart disease, previous syncope, ECG pattern and results were concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of dynorphin on the PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.

The effect of the opioid peptide dynorphin (DYN) on PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation has been evaluated in the present study. A significant increase in PHA-induced lymphocyte activation was observed when DYN was added to cultures 48 hr after the mitogenic stimulation. This effect occurred at suboptimal (3.12 and 6.25 micrograms/ml) PHA concentrations and at DYN doses ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-12) M. Conversely, DYN did not affect the lymphocyte blastogenic process either when added before, or simultaneously or after intense PHA (12.5 micrograms/ml) stimulation. Naloxone preincubation did not modify the above described effects. Results suggest that DYN might play a role in neuroendocrine regulation of the lymphocyte blastogenic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nizatidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer--an Italian Multicenter Study.

One hundred and seventy three patients suffering from duodenal ulcer, were selected for a double-blind, controlled and randomized parallel multicenter study, with interval endoscopic examinations. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of nizatidine administered at a single dose (300 mg "nocte") versus ranitidine (300 mg "nocte") in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. One hundred and sixty five patients were found to meet every admission criterion and completed the study (86 on nizatidine and 79 on ranitidine). On admission to the study, both groups were seen to have been correctly selected and epidemiologically well-distributed as to history of duodenal ulcer, previous treatments and pre-study symptoms. The ulcer was considered healed when complete re-epithelialization had occurred in areas of ulcerated mucosa. Healing rates of duodenal ulcer proved to be globally similar in the two groups, both in the 4th week (nizatidine, 78%; ranitidine, 78%) and in the 8th week (nizatidine, 91%; ranitidine, 95%). After four weeks of treatment, 67% of the patients treated with nizatidine no longer had any symptoms, while 87% patients no longer suffered from day pain, and 91% had no nocturnal pain. As a result, intake of antacids quickly decreased during the first four weeks. A similar response was observed in the group receiving ranitidine. After administration at a single dose of 300 mg in the evening, nizatidine proved to be at least as effective and safe as 300 mg of ranitidine administered in the same way, with respect both to ulcer healing and symptom response.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The long-term treatment of peptic ulcer after a bleeding episode.

We have studied 51 consecutive patients bleeding from peptic ulcer which was duodenal (D.U.) in 30, gastric in 17 (G.U.), anastomotic in 3 (Billroth 2), and oesophageal in 1 of them. One patient with G.U. was sent for surgery and 2 patients with D.U. died early; the others recovered through medical treatment and the ulcer healed after 6-8 weeks of treatment with ranitidine in 46 out of 48 patients. Subsequently, all the healed patients have been treated with ranitidine (150 mg at bedtime) for 6 months; by this time a new endoscopy showed an erosive antral gastritis in 2 patients with G.U. and 2 recurrences of D.U. Then the patients and their family doctors were invited to choose between the interruption of the treatment and its prolongation. 8 patients with previous G.U. preferred to stop treatment, and up to 1-2 years they did not show any recurrence; the remaining 5 patients carried on the maintenance treatment, and up to one year one of them showed an erosive antral gastritis. 15 patients with previous D.U. stopped the treatment and 5 of them after 1-24 months presented a recurrence with a new haemorrhage; 8 patients chose to continue the treatment and none of them for 6-24 months had recurrence. The limited number of the patients obviously does not allow a sound conclusion, but a trend is clearly seen which favours a prolonged maintenance treatment in patients with D.U. which has bled.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of relapse with various antiulcer drugs.

The relative value of maintenance therapy with cimetidine, ranitidine, pirenzepine, and antacids only (when used for symptomatic relief) has been evaluated in 205 patients with a subsequent follow-up period of 2 years. The patients had a completely healed duodenal ulcer after 8 weeks of treatment and were then randomly allocated to four groups, which were as follows: group 1: 60 patients treated with 400 mg cimetidine at night; group 2: 55 patients treated with 150 mg ranitidine at night; group 3: 50 patients treated with 50 mg pirenzepine at night; and group 4: 40 patients treated only with antacids as needed for symptomatic relief. Endoscopy was repeated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment, and whenever symptoms suggested recurrence. Although the number of dropouts was high (27 in group 1, 20 in group 2, 18 in group 3 and 12 in group 4), statistical analysis by the life-table method showed that cimetidine, ranitidine, and pirenzepine had similar therapeutic value. After 1 and 2 years the relapse rate of duodenal ulcer was 17.5% and 43.6% respectively, for cimetidine, 21% and 69.3% for ranitidine, 21.7 and 50.2% for pirenzepine, and 49.8% and 77.7% for antacids. The incidence of erosions was lower in those groups with the higher ulcer relapse rate, a point discussed in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influence of beta-endorphin on phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation and on the expression of mononuclear cell surface antigens in vitro.

Recent evidence suggests that opiates can modulate the immune responses. In particular it has been shown that beta-endorphin and morphine are able to depress some T lymphocyte functions in humans. In the present study, experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of beta-endorphin phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation and determine the mechanism of this action. The ability of naloxone to block the effect of beta-endorphin was also investigated, and the influence of beta-endorphin on the expression of mononuclear cell surface antigens using the OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, anti-HLA-DR and anti-beta 2-microglobulin monoclonal antibodies was evaluated. Phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation was significantly inhibited by beta-endorphin. This effect occurred when beta-endorphin was added to cells at the beginning of the culture period (30 min before, simultaneously or 30 min after phytohemagglutinin), but not when added after 48 h of incubation. The preincubation of cells with BEP for 1 h, 4 h or 24 h did not affect lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin. A ten-fold excess of naloxone, added to cultures 30 min prior to beta-endorphin, did not block the inhibitory effect. Incubation with beta-endorphin had different effects on each surface antigen tested. The OKT8+ and beta 2-microglobulin+ cells did not show significant variations. The OKT4+ cells significantly decreased, after 4 h of incubation with beta-endorphin, both in mononuclear cell and in purified T lymphocyte cultures and, after 24 h, in mononuclear cell cultures only. The OKT3+ cells decreased, in mononuclear cell cultures only, after 24 h beta-endorphin incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Hemodynamic testing at rest and during exertion after mitral valve replacement with a St. Jude Medical prosthesis].

177 mitral valve replacements with the St Jude Medical prosthesis (SJM) were carried out from March 1979 to December 1983. 45 of these patients (22 men and 23 women) underwent right heart catheterisation 6 or 8 months after surgery. These patients were operated for pure mitral stenosis in 24 cases, mitral regurgitation in 10 cases and mixed mitral disease in 24 cases. There was associated aortic valve disease in 26 patients and valve replacement with a Björk prosthesis was carried out in 19 cases. Tricuspid valvuloplasty was performed in 6 patients. 37 patients were at Stage III or IV of the NYHA classification before surgery; one year later, only 1 patient remained at Stage III, 4 patients were at Stage II and 38 at Stage I. 2 patients died in the first postoperative year of extracardiac causes. Resting pulmonary capillary pressure (Pw) fell from 18 +/- 7 mmHg to 9 +/- 4 mmHg after surgery (p less than 0.001); cardiac index rose from 2.21 +/- 0.45 to 2.59 +/- 0.49 1/min/m2 (p less than 0.001). A capillary arteriolar obstruction observed in 16 patients before surgery was only found in 9 of these patients after surgery. The changes in pulmonary pressures and cardiac output during exercise were studied in 22 patients. Pw rose from 7.6 +/- 1.5 mmHg to 20 +/- 4 mmHg; cardiac index increased from 2.62 +/- 0.19 to 5.46 +/- 0.72 1/min/m2. When compared with theoretical results in a normal subject, pulmonary artery pressures were abnormally high in 13 subjects (59 p. 100), reflecting a stenosing effect of the prosthesis, unmasked by exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison between ranitidine and cimetidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Two groups of 46 and 49 patients each with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcer and not previously treated, received ranitidine (150 mg X 2 daily) and cimetidine (1 g/day) respectively for eight weeks. The disappearance of the ulcer was observed endoscopically in 78% of both the first and second groups of patients. Of the ten patients non-responders to ranitidine, six were treated again for eight weeks with ranitidine and four with cimetidine for eight weeks; all of them recovered completely apart from one of the cimetidine treated patients. Of the 11 patients non-responders to cimetidine, seven were retreated with cimetidine and 4 with ranitidine for a further eight weeks and all of them obtained a complete recovery except for one of the cimetidine treated patients. No relevant side-effects were observed with either drug. In conclusion cimetidine and ranitidine showed a comparable therapeutic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sucralfate and carbenoxolone in the treatment of functional disturbances following partial gastrectomy.

30 patients submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) who later suffered digestive complaints (pain, "heartburn", bilious vomiting) showed gastric hyperemia, oedema and some erosions of the gastric stump when examined by endoscopy, the presence of cancer having been excluded by biopsy. These patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 15, one of which was treated with sucralfate (1 g 4 times), and the other with carbenoxolone (50 mg 4 times), daily for 8 weeks. After sucralfate the endoscopic finding showed a clear improvement in the gastric wall, accompanied by the almost complete disappearance of the complaint symptoms, in 13 cases (86.6%). After carbenoxolone the same improvement was observed at the endoscopy in 12 cases (80%), with similar recovery from symptoms. Nevertheless, no histological changes that could be attributed to the treatments were observed. In those patients whose endoscopic pattern remained unchanged by either drug, the complaints did not show any relief. No side-effects were detected during either of these drug treatments, each of which showed a similar therapeutic efficacy.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1983

Effect of estrogens on dopamine autoreceptors in male rats.

There is biochemical and pharmacological evidence indicating that estrogens are capable of substantially modulating post-synaptic dopamine (DA) receptor sensitivity in experimental animals. Recent electrophysiological data, showing that estrogens significantly attenuate the ability of apomorphine to inhibit the firing activity of type B dopamine neurons in the rat substantia nigra, suggest that these hormones may also induce subsensitivity of DA autoreceptors. In accord with this hypothesis, estrogen-treated rats showed no marked decrease of motility counts when challenged with apomorphine (20-50 micrograms/kg) from 24 to 72 h after the last hormone administration. Similarly, the decrease of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels induced by apomorphine (20 micrograms/kg) in the caudate nucleus, in oil-treated control rats was almost completely counteracted by estrogen treatment. Dopamine agonists, such as 2-alpha-bromocriptine, piribedil, 3 hydroxyphenylpropylpiperidine and n-propylnorapomorphine, failed to induce hypomotility when administered to estrogen-treated rats. These behavioural and biochemical results, along with the electrophysiological data, indicate that estrogen treatment is able to induce hyposensitivity of DA autoreceptors. These results may be relevant to the clinical findings indicating that the activity of dopamine receptor agonists varies in relation to sex or hormonal treatments.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Ranitidine, cimetidine and antacids in the prevention of recurrence after healed duodenal ulcer: one-year experience.

A total of 110 subjects with duodenal ulcer healed with cimetidine (C) (50 patients), ranitidine (R) (40 patients) or pirenzepine (20 patients) was randomly divided in 3 groups. The first group (40 patients) was treated with R (150 mg nightly); the second group (40 patients) with C (400 mg nightly) and the third group with antacids as needed for symptomatic relief. The presence of the ulcer and its healing were established by endoscopy, which was repeated after 6 and 12 months of treatment, or previously if symptoms suggested recurrence. At the end of the year's follow-up, no recurrence of ulcers was observed in 75% of the R group, in 77.5% of the C group and in 40% of the antacids group. Some erosive duodenitis developed in the first and second groups (17.5% and 20% respectively), but none in the antacids group. Most of the ulcers that recurred did so in the first 6 months of treatment. No relevant side-effects were observed with the treatments described. Although no significant difference was detected between C and R treatments, both appeared to be clearly more effective than antacids. The usefulness of adequate prophylactic treatment against the tendency of duodenal ulcer to recur is stressed.

Antacids↗