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Biomedical subjects

G Charmot

Publications and source records attributed to G Charmot.

124 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Resistance to P. falciparum malaria in tropical Africa: congenital and genetic factors. General review (author's transl)].

During the first months of life, maternal antibodies and foetal haemoglobine reduce the parasitical multiplication and allow the development of an effective immunological defense. In addition, the foetal defense structures receive a useful information from the malarial antigens passing in through the placenta. Genetic erythrocytic factors also, operate in some individuals, who, as a rule, are homozygotic. Various genes control the development of a premunition-type immunization giving an almost perfect balance between host and parasite, in individuals as well as for populations as a whole. It is likely that selective mutation has increased the frequency of favourable genes.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Do hepatotropic strains of Entamoeba histolytica exist?].

Liver amoebic abscess often occur without any colitic symptoms nor any parasite detection in the colon. The localisation heterogeneity and the experimental data, associated with clinical expression suggest the existence, inside the species E. histolytica, of various strains: non pathogenic one, invasive for the intestine mucous membrane ones and invasive for liver tissue ones.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the adult. Its value in tropical medicine].

In the temperate climate countries, AIDS is defined as the occurrence of opportunistic infections and/or Kaposi's sarcoma in adults, mostly homosexuals. It can be preceded by a related state of asthenia, loss of weight, adenopathies, diarrhoea, but which is far from always developing into AIDS. The immune syndrome is specified by cutaneous anergy , lymphopenia with an elective decrease of OKT4. The etiology is not known and, if one often refers to retro-viruses (specific disease), the role of multiple and repeated infections ( plurifactorial syndrome) can not be discarded. Cases of AIDS exist in Haiti and possibly in Equatorial Africa, the latter may be different from the occidental cases. The planning for a survey in Africa is suggested.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa: current status and proposals for surveillance methods].

34 case-reports of type RI resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine published between 1975 and 1982 are reviewed. The patients were non-immune travellers infected in East Africa and in the neighbouring islands, especially Tanzania, Kenya and Madagascar. The increase in number and level of resistance might be a problem in Africa. A monitoring system of the patient and in the field is proposed and the possibilities of prevention and control are discussed.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Travellers' diarrhea. Current data on the role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli].

50 to 70% of diarrheas contracted during travel in hot countries are due to an enterotoxigenic E. coli having the dual acquired ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and to produce an enterotoxin. This produces a liquid diarrhea, usually banal for the traveller but which can sometimes be serious in young children of developing nations. The genes coding for the above two characteristics are carried by a plasmid. Other colibacilli, enteropathogenic or entero-invasive, can also cause diarrhea; being liquid in the former case and dysenteriform in the latter. Other bacteria such as the vibrions and perhaps Aeronomonas, can also secrete an enterotoxin. The role of invasive organisms and viruses is briefly discussed. The prophylaxis is fairly illusive and treatment of the mild forms is usually symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryptosporidiosis: apropos of 11 cases].

Fecal samples of 61 patients were investigated for Cryptosporidium: it was identified in four cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, five cases of lymphadenopathic syndrome, one case of immunosuppressive therapy. One person was immunocompetent but in close contact with one of the patient. The authors report clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the 11 patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum. Analysis of factors in its appearance and spread].

After recalling the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of P. falciparum chemo-resistance, the authors report on an analytic study of the factors ruling the apparition and diffusion of resistant strains. The phenomenon is of chromosomic origin. The repetitive and high doses of drugs exert a pressure on the strains which is the main factor for revealing the selecting resistant mutants. Other facilitating factors may operate such as a lack of immunity of the considered population, a possible particular efficiency of some anopheles (more specially A. balabacencis) in the transmission of chloroquino-resistant strains, transfers of population acting either by a massive arrival of persons receptive or carrying resistant plasmodia. The most serious concern is the recent apparition of polyresistant cases in the Indochina Peninsula. The geographical distribution of chloroquino-resistance suggests the existence of two distinct stocks of P. falciparum: one indigenous to Africa and the Atlantic skirt of the American continent, the other to south-est Asia and deep tropical America. Prophylactif consequences, though difficult to apply, are proposed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro study of the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine].

In vitro testing of P. falciparum chemosensitivity was assessed from 2 severe malaria cases in which the parasite was thought to be resistant to chloroquine. The 3 following methods were compared in both cases. 1.--Maturation test, carried out before and from the outset of treatment, is a rapid and simple method. Primary efficiency of therapeutic procedures can be estimate and the eventually adjust. 2.--Rieckmann test, on patient blood, measure chemosensitivity of host strain modulated by hosts factors. Initially proposed for epidemiological trials, this method is of interest for the choice of treatment at the end of acute phase in individuals cases. 3.--Strain chemosensitivity measurement, require one or more weeks of Plasmodium cultivation. This value will be very helpful to estimate the sensitivity level of P. falciparum to chloroquine in the outcoming strain area.

Chloroquine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current news in prophylaxis and malaria treatment (author's transl)].

The extension of chloroquines resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the emergence, still limited, of resistance to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, and even of multi-resistant strains, are facts all the more disturbing--especially for South East Asia--that the number of antimalarials is limited. Mefloquine appears to be a very promising drug; it might perhaps be desirable to be able to combine it with a new antimalarial, in collective prophylaxis, to prevent the selection of possibly resistant strains.

Antimalarials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results obtained on S. haematobium by Oltipraz in Niger (author's transl)].

Sixty-three outpatients shedding eggs of S. haematobium were treated with 35 mg/kg oltipraz given in two divided doses on a single day (Niamey). 75% of the patients were egg-negative at one month and 88.9% at three months. Urinary egg excretion was markedly reduced (98%) and the mean egg count per 10 ml urine decreased from 33 before dosing to 0.6 at two months. Oltipraz thus appears to be a most interesting drug for urinary schistosomiasis

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of amibiasis with short-term secnidazole therapy].

The authors have treated: a) 48 cases of E. histolytica histolytica intestinal amoebiasis by a single dose of 35 mg/kg of secnidazole with 98 p. 100 of parasitological success; b) 122 cases of E. histolytica minuta with several procedures: a unique dose of 25 mg/kg gives no success in 16.6 p. 100 of the cases, but the same single dose during three days gets only 2 p. 100 of failure; c) 22 cases of hepatic amoebiasis by a daily dose of 25 to 33 mg/kg during 5 days with success in every cases. Tolerance has been excellent. These short cures, facilitated by the long half-life of secnidazole are particularly easy to apply in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bancroft filariasis in Comores archipelago (immunologic study)].

An immunological study has complemented the epidemiological survey on Bancroft filariosis in the Mayotte island (Comores) carried out by BRUNHES et al., 1971. The search for antibodies to Dipatolonema viteae and Setaria labiotopapilosa was performed by means of electrophoresis and immunofluorescence in 87 individuals and 2 hydrocele fluids. Immunoelectrophoresis confirmed the high endemicity ratio: 57 o/o of the individuals presented 1 to 7 precipitating lines; with immunofluorescence 55 o/o of the subjects had a titer of 200 to 1.600. 46 to 50 o/o of the positivities were observed in people showing clinical symptoms without microfilaremia. On the other hand, 36 to 48 o/o of the proved filarian cases yielded negative results with immunofluorescence or electrophoresis. These figures emphasize the significance and insufficiencies of immunologic techniques for the diagnostic of bancroftoses. In spite of the frequency of certain well identified precipitating systems, an immunoelectrophoretic analysis did not allow to demonstrate a constant and characteristic scheme.

Adolescent↗