Biomedical subjects

G Charmot

Publications and source records attributed to G Charmot.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Duration of action of the pyrimethamine-sulfametopyrazine combination in a Plasmodium falciparum endemic zone].

The duration of action of the drug Antemal, a combination of Pyrimethamine and Sulfametopyrazine, was eveluated in Bobo-Dioulasso, Upper Volta, West Africa, and endemic zone for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The study was held during the season of maximum malaria transmission. 79 persons presenting with an acute attack of malaria were studied; 37 persons received a single dose of chloroquine sulfate (Nivaquine), at a dose of 15 mg./kg.; 42 persons received a single dose of Antemal at a dose of one tablet (75 mg. of Pyrimethamine and 25 mg. of Sulfametopyrazine) per 10 kg. Clinical and parasitological studies of all subjects occurred on days one, two, three, 10, 17, 24 and 31. Only one of 37 (2.7%) subjects on Antemal had a reappearance of trophozoites, occurring on day 17. Eight of 42 (19.0%) patients taking nivaquine had reappearance of trophozoites, observed between day 23 and 31. Gametocytes were observed in eight of 37 (21.6 %) persons on Antemal and in only one of 42 (2.3 %) persons on Nivaquine. These observations suggest an extended duration of protection from Antemal in semi-immune individuals. Nivaquine appeared as a potent inhibitor of gametocytogenesis.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relations between malaria and Burkitt's lymphoma].

Malaria, especially forest malaria, is the environmental factor which creates endemic conditions for the Esptein-Barr virus related Burkitt's lymphoma. The Plasmodium seems active through a mitogenic factor rather than through the so often invoked immunological depresssion.

Africa↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prophylaxis of malaria].

Malaria prevention involves vector control, individual protection against mosquito bites and chemoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis has become more difficult in recent years owing to the spread of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains. Current possibilities are chloroquine and mefloquine (with relatively poor tolerance and a few resistant strains), or the chloroquine-proguanil combination (well tolerated with some failures). Prophylaxis should not be discontinued unless transmission remains at a low level. Among inhabitants of endemic areas, prophylaxis is generally restricted to pregnant women.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa (except cerebral malaria)].

Chloroquine is currently the drug of choice for treatment of acute attacks of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in chloroquine-sensitive areas. In areas of low level resistance, this drug may still be used (25 mg/kg of body weight in three days) in semi-immune patients. In case of failure, or in areas of high level resistance, quinine (25 mg/kg/day for 3 to 5 days) or, in spite of increasing resistance, Fansidar should be prescribed. Mefloquine, Fansimef and Halofantrine ought to be strictly prescribed to delay occurrence of resistance. Severe attacks require quinine by continuous intravenous infusion. Spleen enlargement does not usually require specific treatment unless poor tolerance is observed. Blood transfusions present a considerable risk of HIV transmission. Appropriate malaria treatment may avoid blood transfusions thus preventing HIV dissemination in Africa.

Africa↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Initial therapeutic trials of an antibilharzial agent, 35 972 R.P. in man].

35,972 R. P. is a new schistosomicidal drug deriving from a thione dithiole pyrazinyl basic structure. It has been assessed with 125 patients suffering from an urinary tract schistosomiasis (69 cases) or from an intestinal schistosomiasis (56 cases). Five regimens have been followed. The last one was 1.50 g/day over 3 days and it included 75 patients. The clinical tolerance was satisfactory although vomiting was reported in 16 % cases and headaches were noted in 21 % cases. The efficiency was remarkable as 97 % patients were cured. New studies are been performed on a one day treatment basis.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks with low or negative parasitemia on returning from areas of endemic resistance to 4-aminoquinolines].

Twelve recent cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria presented with unusual clinical and laboratory features. All patients had regularly been taking adequate doses of amino-4-quinolines as prophylaxis. In most cases the symptoms were mild as compared with those in a group of 20 control patients with typical malaria. More surprisingly, parasitaemia was either negative or very weakly positive (less than 1000 infested erythrocytes per mm3). All cases occurred in people returning from areas in which resistance of P. falciparum to these drugs is endemic. Diagnostic problems could be solved in most patients by new immunological techniques relying on the detection of parasitized erythrocytes and plasmodium antigens using a battery of monoclonal antibodies. A physiopathological model explaining why parasitaemia is negative in such cases is suggested.

Amodiaquine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The reaction of hyperbasophilic mononucleated cells during P. falciparum malaria; its role in the immune response].

In 34 patients with a primary attack of P. falciparum malaria, hyperbasophilic mononucleated cells (atypical lymphocytes) were found 22 times. These cells appeared around the 3rd or 4th day of fever and represented 4 to 10% of all white blood cells in 14 cases, 10 to 15% in 6 cases, and 15 to 21% in 2 cases. Their transitory appearance seems to reflect the involvement of cell-mediated immunity, and more specifically of K cell-related cytotoxicity.

Cell Count↗

PubMedDate not supplied