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Biomedical subjects

G Cennamo

Publications and source records attributed to G Cennamo.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Exaggerated orthostatic hypotension as first sign of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in the elderly.

Long-standing diabetic subjects have an impaired sympathetic nervous system activity as a consequence of autonomic neuropathy. Moreover, in this latter group of subjects the parasympathetic rather than the sympathetic nervous system seems firstly impaired by glucose metabolism derangements. In the present study we show that, in aged diabetic subjects with a short duration of the disease (less than 5 years), and who are free from diabetic complications, it is possible to evidence a primary compromise of sympathetic rather than parasympathetic nervous system activity since a greater rate of orthostatic hypotension occurred. In the light of the well-known age-related changes in the physiopathology of cardiovascular activity, we hypothesize that in aged diabetic patients, even after a short duration of disease, sympathetic compromise precedes the derangement of parasympathetic nervous system activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in glucose turnover parameters during muscular exercise: role of age.

In a study of ten young and seven elderly healthy men we have performed an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) and employed a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (0.25 mUx kg/min) glucose clamp technique in order to determine insulin sensitivity. This latter experimental protocol consisted of 120 min of euglycemic clamp followed by 60 min in which the clamp and a mild muscular exercise (35% VO(2) (max)) were combined. D-[(3)H]glucose infusion allowed a determination of the glucose turnover parameters. Our results show that in elderly subjects glucose disappearance rate and glucose metabolic clearance rate are significantly lower during both clamp, and clamp + muscular exercise studies. On the contrary, hepatic glucose production was similar under both conditions and was independent of age.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hydrocephalus combined with congenital cataract and microphthalmia.

We describe a case of bilateral microphthalmia with bilateral congenital cataracts associated with hydrocephalus in a 9-month-old girl with consanguineous parents. The differential diagnosis included: (1) congenital rubella syndrome; (2) congenital toxoplasmosis; (3) chromosome alterations; and (4) metabolic disease. However, negative clinical, laboratory, and instrumental investigations excluded all of these hypotheses. We stress the usefulness of echography in establishing whether or not infection has occurred during intrauterine life.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between refractive and corneal topographic changes after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia.

PURPOSE: To compare videokeratographic and refractive data obtained before and after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. METHODS: Seventy-four eyes underwent PRK for myopia ranging from -2.50 to -17.00 D (mean, -7.76 +/- 3.17 D). All patients had videokeratography with the EyeSys instrument before, and 1 and 6 months after PRK, and the changes in three corneal power measurements (center of the ablation, apex, and effective refractive power) were compared with refractive changes. RESULTS: Changes obtained in the three corneal power measurements at 1 and 6 months were well correlated with manifest refraction (Pearson's coefficient ranged from 0.71 to 0.84). CONCLUSION: Power measurements obtained with corneal topography, as described above, are a reliable and objective method for the evaluation and follow-up of PRK, provided addition of an approximate 25% correcting factor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic effects of nitrendipine.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of nitrendipine in the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients. The subjects were 20 elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension who received 20 mg of nitrendipine or placebo daily for 60 days. In the nitrendipine-treated patients, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced significantly during treatment (from a mean of 180 to 155 mmHg and 92 to 80 mmHg); heart rate did not change significantly. Standard laboratory test results did not change in either group during treatment and results of a posttreatment oral glucose tolerance test were similar in the two treatment groups.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual function before and after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia.

BACKGROUND: To date, Snellen visual acuity and postoperative refraction have been used to evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy. However, other parameters, such as contrast sensitivity function and glare, may be affected by refractive surgery and lead to unsatisfactory visual performance. This prospective study is aimed at evaluating the effect of photorefractive keratectomy on contrast sensitivity function and glare. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Static contrast sensitivity function, dynamic contrast sensitivity function, and glare sensitivity were evaluated in 22 myopic eyes before as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after photorefractive keratectomy. The eyes tested were divided into three groups, according to the amount of myopia: group I, from -4.00 to -8.00 diopters (D); group II, from -8.25 to -11.00 D; group III, from -11.25 to -20.00 D. RESULTS: Both static and dynamic contrast sensitivity function at the intermediate spatial frequencies were altered at 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy, with a trend toward recovery at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Glare sensitivity was not significantly affected by surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast sensitivity function and glare testing may show abnormalities in the presence of optimal visual and refractive results. These tests may result especially important for the evaluation of new refractive surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of corneal thickness and endothelial cells before and after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

BACKGROUND: The possible endothelial damage induced by photorefractive keratectomy was investigated in myopic eyes. METHODS: A morphometric analysis of the endothelial cells was performed in 19 patients before and 2 months after photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of various degrees of myopia. Central ultrasonic pachometry was also recorded at the same examination times. RESULTS: No significant changes (p = .816) of the endothelial cell density were found between preoperative and postoperative measurements. The pleomorphic index did not show any significant changes after treatment (p = .955). Central corneal thickness was reduced to a various extent (range from 50 microns to 250 microns) according to the amount of myopic correction intended. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data suggest that photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of myopia does not induce endothelial cell damage, at least in the short term.

Adolescent↗