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Biomedical subjects

G Carmignani

Publications and source records attributed to G Carmignani.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

T lymphocytes inhibiting factors in renal cancer: evaluation of differences between arterial and renal venous blood levels of E rosette forming cells.

The cellular immune response has been reported to be impaired in patients with renal cancer and to be increased by removal of the tumor bulk. T lymphocyte levels in the vein of the neoplastic kidney were investigated in 4 patients to assess the presence of a T lymphocyte inhibiting factor produced by the tumor. T lymphocyte levels resulted in significantly decreased tumorous venous blood, whether compared to arterial, contralateral or peripheral blood. A similar result was not found in 10 control patients. Some hypotheses on the nature of this T lymphocyte inhibition are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Cyanoacrylates in transcatheter renal embolization.

Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate were used in experimental trans-catheter embolization of rat kidneys and in two patients as preoperative embolization of renal carcinoma. The agents produced an efficient and lasting embolization, with no evident complication; however, their usage is difficult and an appropriate dosage is also difficult.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Clots, oxycel, gelfoam, barium, and cyanoacrylates in transcatheter embolization of rat kidney.

Transcatheter arterial embolization is an interesting technique; its usefulness in urology has not yet been well assessed. The properties and characteristics of some embolic materials among the more commonly used were investigated by means of a new experimental model, i.e., transcatheter embolization of rat kidney. Autologous clots and Oxycel were found to give a transient embolization, whereas Gelfoam, barium, and cyanoacrylates did not allow recanalization or revascularization. Only barium was found in venous vessels. The findings are discussed in view of the clinical application of the embolic materials considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[PTH radioimmunoassay on selective venous samplings as a method of localization of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)].

Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas by various methods is today in increasing clinical use. The practical value of the methods is discussed, with particular reference to the PTH radioimmunoassay on selective venous samplings, which is the most reliable. The authors report on their 38 cases with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism during the last six years.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of different types of emboli in transcatheter embolization of rat kidney.

The properties and characteristics of a variety of embolic materials (Clots--surgicel--gelfoam--barium--cyanoacrylates) were investigated by transcatheter embolization of the rat kidney. Clots and surgicel result in temporary embolization, with return of normal renal function. Gelfoam barium and cyanoacrylates produce definitive embolization. Only barium was found in veins.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

T and B lymphocyte levels in renal cancer patients: influence of preoperative transcatheter embolization and radical nephrectomy.

The mean percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood was tested in 6 patients with renal cancer before and after preoperative transcatheter embolization and radical nephrectomy. While no significant difference was found in B lymphocyte levels compared to those in healthy control subjects a clear impairment in circulating T lymphocyte levels was observed in renal cancer patients who had not been treated. This reduction in T lymphocyte levels persisted after embolization but there was a significant increase after radical nephrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Therapeutic embolization of renal cell carcinoma.

The technique of embolization of renal cell carcinoma is assessed on the basis of the authors' experience. The procedure is usually envisaged in case of hypervascularized extracapsular tumors, with the purpose of obtaining the preoperative occlusion of the renal artery. Nevertheless, it cannot replace surgery, which can accomplish it with much more safety. The technique of embolization itself, which should be as selective as possible, is also discussed and its clinicobiological (immunological) implications are introduced.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An experimental study of the effect of ischemia on testicular structure in the rat. Efficacy of intravenous inosine.

The damages caused by experimental testicular ischemia lasting 60 minutes have been examined in the rat. The histologic alterations of the germinal epithelium and of the tunica propria are studied, using semi-thin sections stained with 1% toluidine blue. The results show that a testicular ischemia of 60 minutes causes damages to the testicular structures. These damages cannot be prevented or avoided by either surface cooling or cold perfusion; however, intravenous inosine prior to ischemia has a protective effect.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tubulovasostomy in the rat. A new experimental model.

Tubular patency is the primary concern in the evaluation of procedures for epididymovasostomy. The epididymal lumen easily becomes occluded or obstructed, with the resulting recurrence of azoospermia. Recently, two-layer direct anastomosis has been advocated. The aim of the present study was to present an experimental model of tubulovasostomy in the rat. Microsurgery was performed in 18 rats (16-40 X magnification). Suture material used was 11/0 Vycryl or nylon for the internal layer of the anastomosis and 10/0 Ethilon for the external layer. After 6 and 12 weeks, semen samples were obtained by electroejaculation and evaluated for sperm count and motility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of sexual activity in patients treated with tadalafil: a randomized prospective placebo-controlled trial.

The chronological distribution of sexual intercourses in a group of patients treated with tadalafil versus placebo for 3 months was evaluated. In total, 120 patients with ED were randomized in two groups and treated, respectively, with one pill of tadalafil 20 mg or placebo on Tuesday and on Friday. After 3 months, we collected data using IIEF and SEP diaries. After 3 months, IIEF score and percentages of success SEP diaries increased in the tadalafil group (<0.01) versus placebo group. Considering all the successful intercourses of the 3 months of tadalafil assumption, the highest percentages were reported within 6-12 h range (35%) and 12-24 h range (28%). In tadalafil group, 41% of patients reported their first successful intercourse between 1 and 6 h and 78% of patients reported the recovery of spontaneous erections. In conclusion, after carrying out the first sexual attempt between 1 and 6 h, patients engaged in sexual activity between 6 and 24 h.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Roach's mathematical equations in predicting pathological stage in men with clinically localized prostate cancer.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The therapeutic choice in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer depends on preoperative clinical stage. Diagnostic instruments currently available for such an evaluation--considered separately--have not shown enough efficacy. Roach has recently introduced three simple mathematical equations that--on the basis of prostate-specific antigen and the biopsy Gleason score--are aimed at calculating the definitive pathological stage. We retrospectively analyzed our radical prostatectomy data base to assess the accuracy of the equations in predicting the final stage in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS STUDY DESIGN: The study included 173 patients who had undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy at our Institution. Patients were divided into 25 groups, depending on preoperative PSA and the biopsy Gleason score. The risk of extracapsular neoplastic growth, seminal vesicle involvement and lymph node involvement was calculated for each group by means of Roach's equations. On the basis of definitive histological examinations, we compared the expected risk to the observed risk. RESULTS: The observed risk fell within the interval of expected risk in 16 of 17 groups (94%) regarding the evaluation of extracapsular growth, in 15 of 17 (88%) regarding the analysis of seminal vesicle involvement, and in 14 of 17 (82%) regarding the evaluation of lymph node involvement. Therefore, the observed event was in agreement with the expected event in 45 of 51 groups (88%). CONCLUSIONS: The equations represent a practical and effective instrument for preoperative clinical staging in patients with localized prostate cancer. By means of these mathematical formulas, one can assess the correct prognosis and--above all--plan the best therapeutic approach.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short schedule intravesical mitomycin preceding transurethral resection for recurrent Ta-T1, G1-G2 bladder cancer.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Intravesical instillations commonly follow resection, when all visible lesions have been removed, making impossible any direct assessment of efficacy. The study was conceived to evaluate the ablative effect on the tumor and the efficacy in reducing the risk of recurrence of short schedule intravesical chemotherapy administered before endoscopic resection. STUDY DESIGN: Four weekly intravesical instillations of mitomycin C followed by transurethral resection (TUR) were administered to 31 patients with recurrent small volume superficial bladder cancer. RESULTS: At TUR no evidence of disease was found in 22 patients (70.9%) and residual disease in the remaining 9 (29.1%). At a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 3-33) 16 of 31 patients (51.6%) had recurrence of disease. The treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Short-schedule intravesical chemotherapy can completely ablate small volume recurrent superficial bladder cancer in a relevant number of patients but is probably not sufficient to obtain long-term prophylaxis.

Administration, Intravesical↗