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Biomedical subjects

G Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to G Carlson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Alteration of in vivo and in vitro effects of heroin by esterase inhibition.

Selective inhibition of peripheral esterases by tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate in the mouse resulted in an increase in the analgetic activity of heroin, without affecting the activity of morphine. In vitro inhibition of esterases by paraoxon reduced the affinity of heroin for the opiate receptor, while that of morphine was unaffected. These results suggest that both central and peripheral esterases are involved in the metabolism of heroin and that interference with critical esterases can alter its pharmacologic and toxicologic effects.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

An effect of injury on thermoregulation in man.

The effect of trauma on human thermoregulation has been studied using a behavioural test and the vascular response to cold exposure. It was confirmed, in controls, that a pleasurable temperature for the hand (Thand) depended on core temperature (Tc) to which it was negatively related. Shortly after moderately severe fractures in a leg this relationship was lost and in the patients the slope of this regression line was not significantly different from zero and they usually chose a Thand towards the upper end of the normal range irrespective of Tc. This effect was not imitated in controls by removing 500 ml blood but Thand was increased by occluding the circulation to one leg. Naloxone did not alter Thand in controls but when given in a suitable dose it reduced the rise in Thand during a short period of limb ischaemia. Immersing one hand and forearm in water at 17 degrees C reduced the blood flow through the contralateral forearm and hand. The reduction in flow was positively related to the initial rate of flow in both controls and injured but the slope of the regression line was significantly less after injury. It is concluded that thermoregulation is affected by trauma in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Birth weight, Apgar scores, labor and delivery complications and prenatal characteristics of Southeast Asian adolescents and older mothers.

The study population included 337 adolescents and 876 mothers who delivered live-born, singleton infants in the Maternity and Infant Care Program at the Minneapolis Health Department between 1980-1982. Whites and blacks on the average experienced menarche 1-2 years earlier than the Southeast Asians although age of first pregnancy was 2 years later for the Southeast Asians. In spite of the significantly later ages of entry into prenatal care, lower weight gains, and hematocrits among the Southeast Asians, compared to the white and black populations, overall height-weight status on admission compared favorably with whites and blacks. The virtual absence of alcohol and tobacco consumption among the Southeast Asians may in fact contribute to the generally favorable Apgar scores, length of gestation, and birth weights. The high frequencies of alcohol and tobacco consumption among white adolescents during pregnancy suggest the need for more intervention to discourage smoking in this population. Further, the potential adoption of these substances needs to be discouraged among the Southeast Asian adolescents. While 2-4% of the whites, blacks and Hmong adolescents experienced eclampsia, 1% of the older Hmong mothers and none of the other Southeast Asians experienced eclampsia. The most frequent complication for all groups was perineal laceration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of synthesis and activity of bovine adrenocortical NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase by ACTH.

Primary, monolayer cultures of bovine adrenocortical cells have been utilized to demonstrate that ACTH regulates the synthesis and thus the activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The temporal pattern of induction correlates well with that previously reported for cytochromes P-45017 alpha and P-450 C21, microsomal steroid hydroxylases serviced by P-450 reductase. Results of in vitro translation studies suggest that ACTH regulates P-450 reductase synthesis at the transcriptional level and show that the adrenocortical enzyme is synthesized as the mature form. The action of ACTH to induce P-450 reductase synthesis in the adrenal cortex can be mimicked by dibutyryl cAMP, but not by phenobarbital which induces P-450 reductase synthesis in liver.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1982

Bipolar illness in adolescents with major depression: clinical, genetic, and psychopharmacologic predictors in a three- to four-year prospective follow-up investigation.

Sixty adolescents, aged 13 to 16 years, hospitalized for major depression were studied prospectively, for three to four years to determine the utility of clinical, genetic, and pharmacologic response variables in predicting a bipolar course of illness. Bipolar outcome was observed in 20% of the cohort. Statistical analyses showed that bipolarity was predicted by (1) a depressive symptom cluster comprising rapid symptom onset, psychomotor retardation, and mood-congruent psychotic features; (2) a "loading" of affective disorder in the family pedigree, a family history of bipolar illness, and the presence of illness in three successive generations of the pedigree; and (3) pharmacologically induced hypomania. All predictors were shown to have high specificity for bipolar outcome, whereas pharmacologic hypomania and symptom cluster permitted the highest confidence of prediction, 100% and 80%, respectively. Even in juvenile depression, careful attention to clinical and biologic variables may aid in the predictive differentiation of meaningful diagnostic subtypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

General anesthetics directly inhibit electron mobility: dipole dispersion theory of anesthetic action.

A model system of gaseous electron mobility, excitation, and plasma activity was used to study direct effects of six gases, including four general anesthetics, in oxygen. Helium increased, and nitrogen had minimal effects on gaseous excitation. Nitrous oxide, as well as the potent anesthetics halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane, inhibited gaseous excitation, nitrous oxide having the weakest anesthetic effect. The data are compatible with the view that anesthetic inhibition is mediated by Van der Waals dipole dispersion interactions among anesthetic molecules (e.g., halogenated hydrocarbons) and electrons accelerated by the applied field. Dipole dispersion interactions may also mediate anesthetic effects on synaptic protein conformational control.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1981

Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in hospitalized adolescents. Interrater agreement using DSM-III.

To determine the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in hospitalized adolescents, 95 consecutively admitted patients were diagnosed independently by two experienced clinicians using DSM-III criteria. Diagnostic judgments were based on joint interview of the patient via a structured mental-status examination, nursing observations, and referral materials. Concordance was analyzed by the kappa coefficient. A total of 13 DSM-III categories were used to classify this cohort, with the majority of categories representing traditional syndromes of functional psychopathology. There was complete agreement between the raters for more than three fourths of the patients. Levels of agreement for the categories of schizophrenia and major affective disorder were similar to values obtained in recent studies of adult patients. The results are discussed in relation to historical conceptions of adolescent psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Phenomenology and subtypes of major depressive disorder in adolescence.

The authors systematically evaluated the prevalence and reliabilities of a large set of depressive symptoms and subtypes of major depressive disorder in 40 hospitalized adolescents, aged 12-17. Results indicated that the phenomenology of depressive illness in this age group is distinguished by descriptive features akin to traditional clinical formulations. Psychotic, retarded and endogenous subtypes were documented, although they are less prevalent than in adult depressives. Overall, the reliabilities of symptom and subtype ratings were found to be very satisfactory. Results were discussed with respect to current theoretical conceptions of juvenile affective illness and directions for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to syngeneic tumors by using co-stimulator (Interleukin 2): in vivo activity.

Spleen cells from DBA/2J mice bearing the syngeneic tumor mastocytoma P815, incubated with co-stimulator (Interleukin 2) and P815 in vitro, were effective in killing P815 cells in vivo. Within 24 hr of injection, 1 X 10(7) cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) killed most of 1 X 10(6) P815 cells. The host response to the tumor 7 to 9 days after the initial tumor injection was also greatly enhanced in mice that had received CL. This effect was potentiated in sublethally irradiated mice. CL were effective in mice with large tumors, overcoming suppressive factors that might be present. Under certain conditions, a significant fraction of CL-treated mice survived the P815 tumor indefinitely. These included i.p. CL given 2 days after a large dose (1 X 10(6)) of i.p. P815. In addition, some mice given i.v. and intra-tumor CL survived small doses (1 X 10(4)) of subcutaneous P815 cells. Long-term surviving mice remained resistant to challenge with 1 X 10(6) tumor cells (which is 10(4) times the normally lethal dose) for at lest 1 yr. No detrimental effects were noted even after injection of 5 X 10(7) CL per mouse.

Animals↗