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Biomedical subjects

G Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to G Carlson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Thermogenic and hormonal responses to amino acid infusion in septic humans.

Metabolic effects of a commercially available amino acid infusate were investigated in five preoperative patients with abdominal sepsis and five healthy subjects. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured continuously during the 3-h study, and blood samples were taken regularly for hormone and metabolite analyses. During 1 h of preinfusion measurements, VO2 was 15% higher (P less than 0.05) in the septic patients. Preinfusion plasma cortisol, glucagon, and catecholamines were also significantly elevated in the septic group. The amino acid solution (9 g nitrogen; 950 kJ; 227 kcal) was infused into each subject through their central venous catheter during the 2nd and 3rd h of the study. VO2 increased similarly in both groups by approximately 21% during the infusion (P less than 0.05), whereas respiratory quotient increased significantly in only the controls (P less than 0.05). Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations rose significantly in both groups during the infusion, despite little change in glucose levels. Plasma norepinephrine increased in both groups, although the response was significant in only the control subjects. In summary, the amino acid infusate stimulated metabolic rate similarly in the septic and nonseptic subjects.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Multilocular thymic cysts with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.

Six cases are described of benign thymic cysts of the anterior mediastinum showing focal pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the lining epithelium. The patients' ages ranged from 11 to 54 years; five cysts occurred in males and one in a female. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by exuberant proliferation of the cyst lining epithelium that grew as sheets and tongues of atypical squamous cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and scattered mitotic figures. The walls of the cyst adjacent to the areas of epithelial proliferation showed abundant hemorrhage, necrosis, and severe inflammatory changes. All cases were treated by local surgical excision. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastases over a follow-up period of up to 8 years (average follow-up, 4 years). It is proposed that pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia may develop in thymic cysts as an expression of regeneration of the lining epithelium in response to the inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and necrotizing changes which often accompany these lesions. This should not be mistaken for malignancy, and should be distinguished from the exceptional cases of true thymic neoplasms seen in association with thymic cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for cocaine abuse: present practices and future directions.

The therapeutic management of the cocaine addict deals with a wide range of physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms, including a sometimes overwhelming craving for cocaine. Many medications have been used in the treatment of cocaine withdrawal and dependence, using as a rationale, known pharmacologic effects of cocaine on neurotransmitters. Animal observations related to dopamine depletion, receptor supersensitivity, cocaine-induced kindling, and serotonin depletion have all generated pharmacotherapeutic interventions for cocaine abuse. An extensive review of the use of these agents is presented. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies in dealing with the methadone-maintained cocaine abuser are considered. Future areas of interest and limitations of pharmacotherapy in dealing with cocaine abuse are discussed.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Prevention of complications in surgical management of back pain and sciatica.

Accurate diagnosis of lumbar disc disease requires a thorough examination. Appropriate neurodiagnostic studies are required to confirm the suspected diagnosis. Other diagnoses should be considered prior to surgery, especially when there is a lack of correlation between the history, physical examination, or radiologic investigation. Proper surgical techniques should also help in preventing complications and are further discussed in this article.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1990

Results of extensor carpi ulnaris tenodesis in the rheumatoid wrist undergoing a distal ulnar excision.

Distal ulna resections that are done in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to alleviate pain, correct alignment, and prevent tendon rupture may contribute to distal ulnar instability. A distally based slip of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon has been used to both stabilize the distal ulnar remnant and to prevent recurrent deformity in 26 rheumatoid wrists, with an average follow-up of 3.5 years. In all postoperative cases, the distal ulna was no longer prominent and the wrist was well aligned. The distal ulna was stabilized in 96% of the patients. Subjectively, pain was relieved in 85% and grip strength improved in 77%.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

Acquired venous disease of the lower urinary tract.

Thrombosis of the vena cava, femoral veins or iliac veins can result in the formation of large collateral veins in the pelvis and retroperitoneum which are often asymptomatic but which may cause severe bleeding and produce major difficulties in urological management. Such abnormalities are a rare cause of urological symptoms but may be difficult to diagnose unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. Three patients are reported who developed significant urological problems as a consequence of acquired venous disease; the use of ultrasound, venography and CT in the diagnosis of this condition is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

All day drinking--its impact on an accident and emergency department.

In order to assess the impact of changes in the Licensing Laws in England, a prospective study was undertaken of patients attending the Accident and Emergency Department of the Newcastle General Hospital. Patients were breathalysed in October 1986, before the liberalisation of the Licensing Laws in England and Wales and again in October 1988, after this change. A blood alcohol level of greater than 50 mg/100 ml was detected in 13% of all attenders in 1986 and 14% in 1988. A comparison of the two years revealed no significant change in the number of patients who had ingested alcohol prior to attendance, although there was a trend towards increased frequency of alcohol ingestion in nighttime attenders.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Transgenic mice expressing hamster prion protein produce species-specific scrapie infectivity and amyloid plaques.

Three transgenic mouse lines designated Tg 69, 71, and 81 were produced harboring a Syrian hamster (Ha) prion protein (PrP) gene; all expressed the cellular HaPrP isoform in their brains. Inoculation of Tg 81 mice or hamsters with Ha prions caused scrapie in integral of 75 days; nontransgenic control mice failed to develop scrapie after greater than 500 days. Tg 71 mice inoculated with Ha prions developed scrapie in integral of 170 days. Both Tg 71 and Tg 81 mice exhibited spongiform degeneration and reactive astrocytic gliosis, and they produced the scrapie HaPrP isoform in their brains. Tg 81 brains also showed HaPrP amyloid plaques characteristic of Ha scrapie and contained integral of 10(9) ID50 units of Ha prions based on Ha bioassays. Our findings argue that the PrP gene modulates scrapie susceptibility, incubation times, and neuropathology; furthermore, they demonstrate synthesis of infectious scrapie prions programmed by a recombinant DNA molecule.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1989

Lexical projection and the interaction of syntax and semantics in parsing.

A series of self-paced reading studies utilized an embedded anomaly technique to investigate long-distance dependencies with dative verbs. Previous research in our lab demonstrated that argument structure influences the gap-filling process. Experiment 1 extended that work by demonstrating that dative verbs pattern with other complex transitive verbs (i.e., a fronted filler that is implausible as the direct object will not be interpreted as the direct object until the absence of a noun phrase after the verb forces the postulation of a direct object gap. This pattern contrasts with that of transitive verbs that subcategorize for a single internal argument position, where fronted fillers are obligatorily interpreted as the direct object). Experiments 2 and 3 investigate the prediction that semantic analyses precede syntactic analyses in dative questions. It is argued that the lexical information about argument structure and thematic roles can guide semantic interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

AIDS-related illness and AIDS risk in male homo/bisexual substance abusers: case reports and clinical issues.

Little has been written about the treatment of substance use disorders among seropositive HIV patients or high-risk seronegative substance abusers. Demographic and clinical characteristics, along with treatment issues, were examined based on experience with 18 patients in a substance abuse program in a university medical center (3 AID, 3 ARC, 9 seropositive only, and 3 seronegative high risk). Scores on a substance abuse rating scale were extremely high. Most of them abused three or more different substances, had used drugs parenterally, had more than 50 sex partners, and/or had received previous substance abuse treatment. Affective disorder, suicide attempt, and antisocial personality were frequent in this group. About half of the patients complied with treatment and showed improvement in their substance disorder. Several common themes in the management of these patients are described.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

Fertility, menstrual characteristics, and contraceptive practices among white, black, and Southeast Asian refugee adolescents.

This study compares fertility and menstrual characteristics and contraceptive practices of white, black, and Southeast Asian refugee adolescents participating in the Minneapolis Health Department's Maternal and Infant Care Program between 1980 and 1982. Mean ages were similar among all racial groups; however, half the Hmong adolescents had a live birth as compared to less than 25% of the other racial groups. More than 75% of the Hmong and other Southeast Asian adolescents were married as compared to 11% of the whites and 8% of the blacks. Menarche was significantly later (2 years) for Hmong and other Southeast Asians, and the interval between menarche and first pregnancy was significantly shorter for the Hmong. While more than half of the whites and blacks previously used contraception, 14% of the Hmong and 29% of the other Southeast Asians had used contraception. Oral contraceptives were the most frequently used method for whites, blacks, and Southeast Asians; the Hmong were equally likely to choose oral contraceptives or barrier methods. The Hmong were less likely to choose contraception postpartum than were the other groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Suicide attempts in preadolescent child psychiatry inpatients.

This paper describes a preliminary study examining the relative power of measures of perceived family support, hopelessness, and depression for the classification of suicide attempters and nonattempters in a series of 8- to 13-year-old psychiatric inpatients. Results of a stepwise discriminant-function analysis indicated that a measure of a child's perceived family support discriminated between suicide attempters and nonattempters with an 88% accuracy rate. The addition of measures of hopelessness and depression at later steps did not lead to improved classification. The results are interpreted as providing strong support for a link between suicide attempts in children and perceptions of low family support.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Stereochemistry of binding of the tetrapeptide acetyl-Pro-Ala-Pro-Tyr-NH2 to porcine pancreatic elastase. Combined use of two-dimensional transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements, restrained molecular dynamics, X-ray crystallography and molecular modelling.

A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the conformation of the tetrapeptide acetyl-Pro-Ala-Pro-Tyr-NH2 bound to porcine pancreatic elastase is presented. From two-dimensional transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements, a set of 23 approximate distance restraints between pairs of bound ligand protons, indicative of an extended type structure, is derived. The structure of the bound tetrapeptide is then refined from two different starting structures (an extended beta-strand and a polyproline helix) by restrained molecular dynamics, in which the interproton distances are incorporated into the total energy of the system in the form of effective potentials. Convergence to essentially the same average restrained dynamics structures is achieved. The refined structures are then modelled into the active site of elastase by interactive molecular graphics. The determination of the anchor point of the bound tetrapeptide on the enzyme was aided by a simultaneous crystallographic study which, despite the fact that only electron density for a Pro-X dipeptide fragment was visible, enabled both the approximate position and orientation of binding to be determined. It is found that the tetrapeptide is bound in the S' binding site in the reverse orientation found in other serine protease-inhibitor complexes and is stabilized both by hydrogen-bonding and by van der Waals' interactions.

Animals↗