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Biomedical subjects

G Campos

Publications and source records attributed to G Campos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Sulindac and indomethacin effects on lamb fetuses chronically monitored].

Sulindac and indometacin, both prostaglandins inhibitors, have a similar tocolytic effectiveness, in contrast their fetal effects seem to be different. For specify these differences we compared the effects of the infusion of sulindac with known effects of indometacin. We operated 6 fetal lambs, in which polyvinyl catheters were inserted chronically for continuous measure of heart rate, blood pressure, incidence of fetal breathing movements and arterial pH and gas tension. The fetuses were infused in a 2 hour control period with vehicle, and then with 150 mg of either sulindac or indometacin (in alternate days) for a 6 hour period. There was no change in any variable when sulindac was given, but there was a significant increase in fetal breathing movements with indometacin. The reason for this difference is not clear, and requires further studies. These results added to previous reports supports the hypothesis that sulindac could be a first choice tocolytic drug for treatment of premature labor when no fetal effect is desired.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of maternal and fetal blood flow indices in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy].

To determine the existence of any change in the blood flow velocity indexes in patients with cholestasis of pregnancy, we studied a total of 51 pregnant women, (normal n = 15; anicteric cholestasis n = 21 and icteric cholestasis n = 15). There was no significant change in the parity, maternal age, gestational age, birth weight and in the apgar score among the groups. There was also no significant change in any of the blood flow indexes determined in the uterine artery, umbilical artery and fetal cerebral artery. We conclude that there are no significant changes in blood flow velocity indexes determined by doppler blood flow analysis in patients with cholestasis of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Behavior of flow waves of the uterine and external iliac arteries during labor contractions].

To evaluate the changes of blood flow velocities of the uterine and external iliac arteries, we studied a total of 15 normal full term pregnant, which were in the active phase of labor. The mean maternal age was 21.6 +/- 5.2 years (X +/- SD), the mean parity was 0.6 +/- 0.5, and the mean gestational age was 39.2 +/- 1.1 weeks. All patients had normal deliveries, the newborn weight was 3440 +/- 621 g, and the apgar score was 8.6 +/- 1.6 and 9.0 +/- 0.7 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. In the uterine artery, the systolic/diastolic ratio and the resistance index increased significantly from 1.83 +/- 0.25 to 4.24 +/- 1.55 (p < 0.05) and from 0.46 +/- 0.05 to 0.74 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.01), respectively from the relaxation phase to the contraction phase. In all 15 patients the external iliac artery showed a reverse diastolic flow during uterine relaxation, whereas only 2 of the 14 patients showed this reverse flow during uterine contraction (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the flow velocity was modified with maternal hyperventilation. Finally, we conclude that uterine contraction induced profound changes in the blood flow velocities in the uterine and external iliac arteries. We proposed that these changes could be explained by uterine muscular contractions causing the blood flow to be shunted to areas of less resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hyperinsulinism and lipid changes in the early stages of essential arterial hypertension].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of insulin-resistance in non-obese, non-diabetic patients with mild to moderate essential arterial hypertension of recent diagnosis and without prior pharmacological treatment and its relationship with the lipid alteration found in those patients. Twenty-one controls (9 M/12F) and twenty-nine patients (19 M/10 F) were studied. The control group presented mean age: 29 +/- 1.5 years, BMI: 23.9 +/- 0.46 Kg/m2, SBP: 112.6 +/- 2.9 mm Hg, DBP: 68.0 +/- 2.9 mm Hg. The patient group presented mean age: 35 +/- 1.4 years, BMI: 27.3 +/- 0.45 Kg/m2, SBP: 140 +/- 26 mm Hg, DBP: 95.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg. The fasting levels of glucose, insulin and lipids were measured in each individual. Both controls and patients were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with determination of glucose and insulin at 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The patients had significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma glucose at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. and increased (p < 0.05) plasma insulin levels at O and 120 min compared to controls. The G/I ratio was significantly lower (p < 0.005) in the hypertensive group, at 0 h and 120 min. Abnormalities in fasting lipid profile were also observed in the patients including a significant increase in TG, Cholesterol, VLDL-C and LDL-C. These increases were especially evident in men and those with higher BMI. There was a positive and significant association between basal-insulin and TG, VLDL-C and DBP in hypertensive patients. We conclude that hyperinsulinemia is present in the majority of hypertensive patients and that hyperinsulinemia is associated with lipid abnormalities specially in men and the most individuals with higher BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Insulin and lipogenesis in rat adipocytes. I. Effect of insulin incubation on lipid synthesis by isolated rat adipocytes.

To assess the effect of insulin on lipid synthesis in isolated rat adipocytes, cells were preincubated for 3 h with high concentrations (16.6 nM) of the hormone and lipogenesis measured through 14C-acetate incorporation into lipids, analyzing at the same time the activity of some lipogenic enzymes. It was found that insulin induced not only a decrease in the number of insulin receptors but a 30% loss in basal and insulin-stimulated acetate incorporation into total lipids as well as a decrease in the activities of enzymes related to the novo fatty acid synthesis pathway as malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Acetates↗
PubMed1992

Kinetics of phosphofructokinase from granulocytes isolated from patients with insulin resistance.

Phosphofructokinases from granulocytes isolated from insulin-resistant patients, mainly those from type II diabetics where the degree of insulin resistance was more pronounced, exhibit some changes in their kinetic behavior when assayed under allosteric conditions, characterized by an increased affinity for fructose-6-phosphate, being more resistant to ATP inhibition while it became more sensitive to citrate inhibitory effect. Those changes are suggestive of a isozymic modification to a more L-type enriched enzyme with a loss of the F-type component, probably present in the normal granulocyte.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Kinetic studies of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte phosphofructokinase.

Phosphofructokinase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes has low cooperativity and high affinity for its substrate, F-6-P. It is resistant to ATP inhibition at pH 8; however, at pH 7.1 it becomes sensitive to the effect of this compound. It is activated by F-1, 6-P2; it is not very sensitive to citrate inhibition and F-2, 6-P2 has no effect on its activity. With these kinetic characteristics we assume that perhaps the predominant L-type subunit is accompanied by an F-type component.

Citrates↗
PubMed1991

[Serum concentration of calcium and calcitonin in hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease].

Serum calcium and calcitonin were determined in 13 patients (12 women and 1 man), ages ranging from 30 to 40 years, with clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' Disease, confirmed by serum determinations of T3 and T4, with the purpose of establishing the relationship that these two substances may have in this pathology. The results obtained showed a decrease in seric calcium concentration in relation to a control group (10.02 +/-) 0.48 vs 11.49 +/- 0.28 mg/dl; p less than 0.005) and an increase in calcitonin concentration (193.6 +/- 8.62 vs 116.7 +/- 7.61 pg/ml; p less than 0.0001). We also found a significative negative association (r = -0.69; p less than 0.01) between these two compounds in the group of patients with hyperthyroidism, not being found in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Metabolic changes and most frequent complications in a group of type II diabetics. Their relation to the hyperglycemic state].

With the purpose of knowing which metabolic disorders and clinical complications are more frequently developed by diabetic patients, and to analyze the relationship between the hyperglycemia state and appearance of these complications, we studied a group of patients from a Metabolic Diseases Clinic in Maracaibo, Venezuela. Fifty-four Type II diabetics patients were evaluated by means of: physical examination, anthropometric measurements, biochemical control of glycemia, insulin and lipid pattern, as well as evaluation of the complications presented. The sample consisted of 33 men and 21 women, 75% of which had glycemic values over 140 mg/dl. Basal insulin values were significantly high (29.9 +/- 8.3 uU/ml in men and 30.9 +/- 10.1 uU/ml in women) in relation to a control group (14.5 +/- 2.4 uU/ml), concluding that our diabetics presented basal hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The lipid pattern of the subjects studied showed hypertriglyceridemia (70%) and hypercholesterolemia (67%). A positive association between glycemia and triglycerides values was found in the total group. HDL-cholesterol values were significantly lower in relation to the control group, obtaining a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The clinical complications observed in these diabetics were: non-specific visuals alterations, signs of arterial illness and sensorial disorders distributed in a similar percentage (63, 61 and 51%, respectively). When the independence test X2 was applied, we obtained association (p less than 0.05) between glycemia and the frequency of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Metabolic changes associated with obesity in adults].

In order to find if the metabolic disorders more frequently found in our obese population were similar to the ones reported in the literature for other countries, a study was conducted in a group of 34 obese subjects (10 men and 24 women) whose only apparent alteration was a body mass index above 30 (mean value: 36.8 +/- 4.6) to obtain the relation between anthropometric measurements (Quetelet index, skinfold measures and waist/hip ratio) and plasma levels of nine biochemical parameters (including lipids, lipoproteins and glucose and insulin levels after an oral glucose load). The results revealed a tendency to the android distribution of fat in the female population, a significantly elevated triglyceride and total lipids levels and a decreased in HDL-cholesterol in both sexes. Hypercholesterolemia was present mainly in the male population. The most frequent dyslipidemia was Type IV (23%) followed by type IIb (15%). Practically none of the subjects had abnormal glycemic values after the glucose load, however the insulin levels were highly elevated in 80% of the patients, resulting in a great insulin/glucose ratios. Correlation analysis showed no association of the BMI with any biochemical parameter; only the insulin area was positively associated with anthropometric measures (mainly waist/hip ratio) and with the most altered biochemical parameter, the triglycerides. Variance analysis showed that only low HDL-cholesterol values were significantly different in patients presenting high blood pressure and familiar history of diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Indoprofen in chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis: effects in the clearance of small molecules and protein loss].

We studied the effects of indoprofen on urea and creatinine clearance and on protein loss in 6 patients submitted to intermittent peritoneal dialysis. The patients had no evidence of peritonitis. Dialysis fluid contained indoprofen (50 mg/l) or no drug. Mean protein loss into dialysis solution was 51.2 g without and 44.7 g with indoprofen (NS). Urea clearance was 33.3 and 33.6 ml/min and creatinine clearance 24.7 and 36.0 ml/min, respectively (NS). Levels of PGF2 alpha in the dialysate, measured in 2 subjects, were not affected by indoprofen. These results suggest that prostaglandins are not the main factors involved in control of urea and creatinine clearance and protein loss during intermittent peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Enzymatic changes in polymorphonuclear cells isolated from type II diabetics.

The absolute values of several enzymes present in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells isolated from subjects catalogued as Type II diabetics that never received insulin to control their hyperglycemia are reported. PMN from the blood of fasting diabetics and a control group were isolated by the dextran flotation technique. The enzymes were assayed in whole homogenates prepared by sonication of the cells. Serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were also determined from the same blood sample. We found a 40% decrease in the levels of phosphofructokinase (39.7 +/- 3.0 vs 66.1 +/- 6.3 mU/mg, P less than 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (350 +/- 22 vs 583 +/- 49 mU/mg, P less than 0.001) and a 25% decrease in malate dehydrogenase (250 +/- 29 vs 341 +/- 20 mU/mg, P less than 0.01). No differences in hexokinase (16.3 +/- 1.7 vs 18.2 +/- 1.7 mU/mg, P greater than 0.1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (66.6 +/- 2.5 vs 76.3 +/- 5.7 mU/mg, P greater than 0.05) were detected. These patients had normal or elevated levels of IRI (22.9 +/- 2.8 vs 14.5 +/- 2.4 microU/ml, P less than 0.05) concomitant with hyperglycemia (162.7 +/- 10.2 vs 78.0 +/- 1.6 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), revealing some degree of insulin resistance. It appears that glycolysis is affected not only at the phosphofructokinase step but beyond this point, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is not affected, and defective insulin action more than the lack of insulin might be responsible for the metabolic alteration.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1987

Aseptic meningitis due to echovirus 4 in Panama City, Republic of Panama.

Between September 23 and November 30, 1981, 1,032 children from Panamá City, Republic of Panamá were hospitalized with aseptic meningitis. Forty-four per cent of the cases were in the age group 5-9 years old; the disease was mild and self-limiting with an average hospital stay of five days. Echovirus 4 isolates were obtained from 48 of 160 patients. To identify risk factors associated with the epidemic, the authors randomly selected 10 per cent of hospitalized cases and conducted a family-based seroepidemiologic study. The closest neighboring house with at least one child younger than 15 years was similarly studied as a control. In total, 182 households and 1,083 of 1,177 residents were included. No risk factors ascertained by the study were associated with aseptic meningitis; however, several factors were related to recent echovirus 4 infection. Overall, 56 per cent of cases had echovirus 4 antibody, as did 29 per cent of their family members and 19 per cent of control family members. Children who attended kindergarten or primary school were more likely to have antibody than other household members and, within case families, individuals involved in child-care had an excess risk for infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic in Colon, Republic of Panama.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis has caused numerous outbreaks throughout Africa and Asia since it was first recognized in 1969 but did not involve the New World until 1981. This unprecedented outbreak reached Colon, Panama during August 1981 and by October 8,401 cases had been reported (14% of Colon's population). In October the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory and Ministry of Health conducted a survey in Colon to collect descriptive data on household living units, epidemiologic and clinical data from residents, and venous blood from all residents one year or older. The survey sampled 127 households and interviewed 608 people (1% of Colon's homes and 1% of the population). Overall 336 (55%) study subjects recalled having conjunctivitis. Disease rates differed according to residence; poor sectors of the city had 67% attack rates, lower class 52%, middle class 34%, and upper class 13%. Within each sector adults were more likely than children to be index cases, and communal bathrooms and household crowding were the most important risk factors for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Between 4-20% of people denying acute conjunctivitis had antibody to enterovirus 70 and may represent asymptomatic cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of chronic ingestion of iodide during pregnancy and lactation on rat pup brain enzymes.

The developmental pattern of several key enzymes in brain of pups born to mothers receiving high levels of iodide (1.1 mg daily intake) during pregnancy and lactation were followed up to the weaning period. We found that in the initial states of postnatal development, glutamic dehydrogenase increased above control levels, whereas succinic dehydrogenase decreased. At late stages, we observed differences in phosphofructokinase and malic enzyme activities which were all increased at 30 days. There was no change in hexokinase. Animal weight did not vary with respect to controls and we only obtained discrete increases (not statistically different) in serum thyroxine values, which led us to assume that the enzymatic modifications might be a consequence of either a very mild hormonal alteration or to the direct effect of iodide.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Kinetic mechanism of phosphofructokinase-2 from Escherichia coli. A mutant enzyme with a different mechanism.

The kinetic mechanisms of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase-2 (Pfk-2) and of the mutant enzyme Pfk-2 were investigated. Initial velocity studies showed that both enzymes have a sequential kinetic mechanism, indicating that both substrates must bind to the enzyme before any products are released. For Pfk-2, the product inhibition kinetics was as follows: fructose-1,6-P2 was a competitive inhibitor versus fructose-6-P at two ATP concentrations (0.1 and 0.4 mM), and noncompetitive versus ATP. The other product inhibition patterns, ADP versus either ATP or fructose-6-P were noncompetitive. Dead-end inhibition studies with an ATP analogue, adenylyl imidodiphosphate, showed uncompetitive inhibition when fructose-6-P was the varied substrate. For Pfk-2, the product inhibition studies revealed that ADP was a competitive inhibitor versus ATP at two fructose-6-P concentrations (0.05 and 0.5 mM), and noncompetitive versus fructose-6-P. The other product, fructose-1, 6-P2, showed noncompetitive inhibition versus both substrates, ATP and fructose-6-P. Sorbitol-6-P, a dead-end inhibitor, exhibited competitive inhibition versus fructose-6-P and uncompetitive versus ATP. These results are in accordance with an Ordered Bi Bi reaction mechanism for both enzymes. In the case of Pfk-2, fructose-6-P would be the first substrate to bind to the enzyme, and fructose-1,6-P2 the last product to be released. For Pfk-2, ATP would be the first substrate to bind to the enzyme, and APD the last product to be released.

Escherichia coli↗