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Biomedical subjects

G Burghard

Publications and source records attributed to G Burghard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Gastroesophageal reflux in asthmatic and chronic bronchitis patients].

To determine the relationship between gastroesophageal (GE) reflux and pulmonary disease, we studied 21 asthmatics, 30 chronic bronchitics, 6 patients with GE reflux and no pulmonary symptoms, and 10 control subjects; GE reflux was diagnosed by pH monitoring and GE scintiscanning. Frequency of GE reflux in the asthmatics was 57%; in chronic bronchitis it was 56%. Pulmonary function tests did not show any differences between patients with or without reflux. The GE reflux episodes were more numerous but shorter in asthmatics than in chronic bronchitis. Patients with digestive symptoms alone were no different from chronic bronchitis with respect to reflux. The mechanism whereby reflux triggers pulmonary problems was investigated using the following 2 tests: scintiscan for pulmonary aspiration, and esophageal acid infusion (0.1N HCI). Six pulmonary aspirations were detected. Only asthmatics, with or without reflux, showed any significant variations in maximal expiratory flow at 50% and 25% of VC after HCI infusion. Thus, our results show that asthmatics differ from bronchitis patients by the characteristics of their reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Gastroesophageal reflux in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis.

To determine the relationship between gastroesophageal (GE) reflux and pulmonary disease, we studied 21 asthmatics, 30 chronic bronchitics, 6 patients with GE reflux and no pulmonary symptoms, and 10 control subjects; GE reflux was diagnosed by pH monitoring and GE scintiscanning. Frequency of GE reflux in the asthmatics was 57%; in the chronic bronchitics it was 56%. Pulmonary function tests did not show any differences between patients with or without reflux. The GE reflux episodes were more numerous but shorter in asthmatics than in chronic bronchitics. Patients with digestive symptoms alone were no different from chronic bronchitics with respect to reflux. The mechanism whereby reflux triggers pulmonary problems was investigated using the following 2 tests: scintiscan for pulmonary aspiration, and esophageal acid infusion (0.1N HCl). Six pulmonary aspirations were detected. Only asthmatics, with or without reflux, showed any significant variations in maximal expiratory flow at 50% and 25% of VC after HCl infusion. Thus, our results show that asthmatics differ from chronic bronchitics by the characteristics of their reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Hypoxia in cirrhotic patients. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of hypoxia in a non-smoking cirrhotic patient. The pathophysiological hypotheses proposed to date to explain this hypoxia without pulmonary artery hypertension, but accompanied by disturbances of carbon monoxide transport, reveal a common element which is difficult to diagnose and quantify: intra-pulmonary shunts. The authors consider gamma-angiocardiography to be a simple diagnostic procedure.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1987

[Characteristics and evolutive data of chronic respiratory diseases after respiratory intensive care. Evaluation of the Pneumology Department of the Pavillon Saint-François in Strasbourg between 1980 and 1985].

Between 1980 and 1985, 66 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (respiratory deficit of the restrictive type) were admitted to our department after an episode of acute respiratory failure treated with assisted ventilation in an intensive care unit. These patients were in a particularly poor clinical condition, due to their previous long stay in the intensive care unit (mean 43 days), the high percentage of tracheotomies (mean 44%), the loss of autonomy of movement in 30% of the cases and the presence of an associated pathology in 45% of the patients. These data explain the high mortality observed in this group: 40% of the patients died within one year of the acute respiratory failure episode. Other prognostic factors, notably the patients' nutritional status, must also be taken into account.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Antitubercular therapeutic regimens routinely prescribed in Bas-Rhin and results of treatment].

The overall plans and therapeutic regimens prescribed for new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis notified in the Bas-Rhin in 1979 to 1980 (372 Subjects) were studied, as were relapses occurring over a three year period from the date of notification. As in the preceding analysis of cases between 1970/78, the proportion of patients treated exclusively at home was low (22.8%) and the duration of stay in a Sanatorium was lengthy (mean 86.6 days for cases without bacteriological confirmation and 142.3 days for bacteriologically positive cases). The mean duration of chemotherapy was 12.5 months (+/- 3.7). The therapeutic regimens prescribed showed a significant variability: if 80.6% of patients received, at one time or another, the combination of Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R) and Ethambutol (E), only 33.9% of the adults treated received the HRE/HR regimen, for periods of variable duration. Four relapses were seen during the fixed follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Therapy modalities used in tuberculosis in a French Department. The Bas-Rhin, 1965-77].

An analysis of treatment methods was carried out on 8,116 subjects suffering from all forms of tuberculosis, notified from 1965 to 1976 to the Bas-Rhin Tuberculosis Register and not kept in the active card index longer than the 31 dec. 1977 (because they were cured, dead or lost from sight). Only the cases of respiratory tuberculosis not bacteriologically proven notified during the first period (1965 to 1969) were not included in the study. In the annual cohorts the proportion of patients treated in hospital for more than 15 days, as cell as the mean length of hospital stay and duration of antituberculous chemotherapy, has considerably decreased. The drugs most often used for notified patients from 1965 to 1969 were Isoniazid, Streptomycin and P.A.S. For patients notified between 1970 and 1976, Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Ethambutol were most common. Triple therapy was used most often, 66,8% for the first period, 52.6% for the second. At the end of the second year of follow up the proportion cured rose from 26% of the cases surveilled for the first cohort (1965-1969) to 51% for the second (1970 to 1974) and 61% for the third (1975-1976). As for the death rate, this progressively declined from 4,3% to 2,4% and 1,6%. Finally the prevalence and incidence of bacteriologically proven tuberculosis has decreased strikingly in the general population of the Bas-Rhin since 1965. In addition there was a progressive diminution in the ratio of these two indices (2,4 in 1965 and 1,2 in 1979) conveying the real efficacy of these treatment regimes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Epidemiologic study of the risk of tuberculosis recurrence in the Bas-Rhin, 1967-77].

The authors report an "analytic epidemiological" study, showing the risk of relapse in tuberculous patients in the Bas-Rhin in 1967 to 1977. This was possible thanks to statutory notification of tuberculous cases, with an index updated by annual returns. The study relates to French subjects notified as new cases of all forms of active tuberculosis between 1967 to 1975, going out the active file on or before 31.12.1976, and followed until 31.12.1977 after the cessation of chemotherapy. Amongst those gone out the active list, 5% were lost to follow up, 15% died, and 80% were alive (and bacteriologically inactive) at the end of treatment. In this latter group cases of relapse were observed between 1969 and 1977. Thus, 3,327 patients were at risk a relapse during the first year, and when the study was completed after 8 years, 76 relapses were observed. Two methods were used to calculate the risk of relapse. The first reported the number of relapses (76) to the number of people-years (14,500 for the 3,327 patients). The mean annual risk was 5,24%. The role of certain risk factors for a relapse could be identified more precisely: Sex, 5,43% in men and 3,19% in women, Age, 4,76% before 55, 8.36% after, Initial bacteriology 5,9% for positive cases and 3,27% for negative cases. Use of Rifampicin, 3,9% for users, 5,8% for non-users. The second calculation was based on actuarial method, giving the annual and cumulative risk as a function of the exposed population each year, for the period of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Idiopathic progressive pleuropulmonary fibrosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of retractile pleuroparenchymatous disease of the upper lobes of non known aetiology. They compare their results with those reported earlier by Stradling (20), Scadding (18), Davies (10) and attempt to identify the specific characteristics of the disease: progressive weight, loss frequent haemoptysis, apical onset, most often unilateral, with pleural involvement and progressive spread of the lesions which nevertheless remain predominantly in the upper lobes and are asymmetrical. The similarity with pulmonary fibrosis which occurs in ankylosing spondylitis is remarkable.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Pulmonary fibrosis and ankylosing spondylitis].

The authors report two new cases of pulmonary fibrosis associated with ankylosing spondylitis. The clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of this fibrosis are described. Various pathogenic hypotheses which could explain the onset of this fibrosis are envisaged.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Resistance of the Koch bacillus to antibacillary agents in the Department of the Lower Rhine].

The aim of this work was to study drug resistance of M. tuberculosis to Streptomycin (SM), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EMB) and Rifampicin (RMP) in the department of the Bas-Rhin from 1971 to 1978. On 2,995 original culture plates which were positive, 1,561 antibiograms were performed at the C.E.R.P. The proportion of those tested has increased over the years from 27.8% in 1971 to 80.6% in 1978 because of the increasing number of laboratories participating in the study. The research is based on 1,511 cultures of M. tuberculosis and the population was split into two groups: 1,386 untreated subjects or treated for less than 15 days (primary resistance) and 125 subjects who had already been treated (acquired resistance). Over all the years, primary resistance to at least one drug was 6.9%. Primary resistance to SM was 3.0%, to INH 2.2% and to both 1.4% (the levels of primary resistance to EMB and RMP were practically nil). Acquired resistance to at least one of these antibiotics was 16.0% with the same order as for primary resistance: resistance to SM alone = 7.2%, to INH alone 4.0% and both together 2.4%. The proportions were greater than for primary resistance but concerned fewer subjects as only 8% of the population had been previously treated. There were no cases of primary or acquired resistance to Rifampicin alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Tuberculin screening and BCG vaccination in primary school children in the Bas-Rhin in 1976/1977].

A campaign of tuberculin testing in standard fashion, followed by BCG vaccination in those giving an inadequate reaction, was carried out on all children in the Bas-Rhin department in France in their first primary school year for the year 1976-1977. Of 15,560 pupils enrolled 64.5 percent had already had at least one BCG vaccination. 12,820 had the standard test, the remaining 2,740 were either absent or parents refused permission. 27.8 percent of those vaccinated had an indurated area of more than 4 mm diameter, compared to 7.4 percent among those not vaccinated. 9,517 children were vaccinated or revaccinated during the campaign, by means of scarification of intradermal injection. 4,472 had a standard post-vaccine test during the following school-year: a diameter of induration of 4 mm or less was found in 28.9 percent. The proportion varied according to the doctors who had vaccinated them but was lower among the children vaccinated by intradermal injection.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1983

[Cockett's syndrome. Clinical and radiologic aspects].

Cockett's syndrome is due to compression of the left common iliac vein by the left iliac artery. Anatomical factors and venous anomalies contribute to the venous obstruction. Clinical symptoms only develop in cases with marked compression; they consist of functional disorders predominant in the left lower limb and, frequently, recurrent oedema. The compression may be revealed by complications such as deep thrombosis of the iliac vein or veins of the calf, or pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis is made by phlebo-ilio-cavography.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Evolution of knowledge on the treatment of tuberculosis and therapy prescribed in all new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in a French community since 1970].

The many papers about the treatment of tuberculosis published during the last fifteen years show the different stages of the evolution of knowledge in this field. The Register of tubercular patients, steadily brought up to date in the French "département" Bas-Rhin, gives interesting information concerning the evolution of treatment in routine. The nature of chemotherapy shows that the newly acquired knowledge is rapidly applied, whereas the average duration of treatment is regularly shortened but is still longer than the duration recommended by researchers. A greater discrepancy appears in hospitalisation: although the efficacy of domiciliary treatment has been known and proved since the early sixties, the proportion of patients having an entirely domiciliary treatment is still low, and in 1978 over 3 patients out of 4 were hospitalized for 4.4 months on average.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1982

[Mac Leod syndrome].

The Mac Leod syndrome is a unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia with emphysema. Onset usually occurs in childhood. The authors delineate this well-defined nosologic entity which is one of the many etiologies of the unilateral hyperlucent lung.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

[The results of educational anti-smoking measures at the primary school level (author's transl)].

A retrospective study was made from a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 4,166 pupils aged 15 to 18, attending "Bas-Rhin" high schools, in Spring, 1979. The results demonstrate the relative effectiveness of educational anti-smoking measures when information is given to specific age groups. Information given at the primary school level results in a proportionately and significantly lower number of smokers; there was also a tendency both to smoke fewer cigarettes per day, and to choose brands having lower tar and nicotine levels. These pupils also left a greater portion of the cigarette unsmoked, i.e. they left longer cigarette butts. In addition, the number of pupils who had never smoked was greater in those groups who received information at the primary school level; and the number of ex-smokers (those who had given up smoking for at least one year) was also greater. The results emphasize the effectiveness and importance of public health measures carried out in young children.

Adolescent↗