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Biomedical subjects

G Bucht

Publications and source records attributed to G Bucht.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with dementia.

IgG profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct dementia and aged nondemented individuals were analyzed using isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by immunofixation and high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The IEF profiles of plasma and CSF in patients with dementia were diffuse and lacked oligoclonal bands and were identical to those of nondemented individuals. The investigation of plasma and CSF by two-dimensional PAGE did not reveal any specific protein pattern in the demented individuals compared to the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of dicloxacillin in healthy subjects of young and old age.

Dicloxacillin was administered as 2 g single intravenous doses to healthy young and old subjects of both sexes aged 19-32 years and 65-76 years, respectively, and the pharmacokinetics were studied. Peak serum concentrations were higher in young than in elderly subjects and in each age group in females than in males. The elimination rate was similar in all groups and the only striking pharmacokinetic differences observed were that the urinary recovery of active dicloxacillin was higher in young subjects and that the non-renal clearance was higher in elderly volunteers. The findings were interpreted to be due to a systemic metabolism of dicloxacillin, compensating for a reduced renal elimination in the elderly subjects. In all subjects dicloxacillin was well tolerated. No increases of serum creatinine were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Age dependence of tissue plasminogen activator concentrations in plasma, as studied by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A procedure for improving the specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was devised, based on addition of antigen-specific or non-immune immunoglobulins to the citrated plasma sample and defining the difference in assay response between these two mixtures as the antigen-specific part of the response. When applied to measurement of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA; EC 3.4.21.31) antigen in plasma, this procedure resulted in elimination of the overestimates obtained in a large proportion (10-20%) of patients' samples when assayed according to the conventional ELISA technique. Basal t-PA concentrations in plasma were found to be highly age-dependent, normal values being about 3 micrograms/L for adults near 30 years of age and about 10 micrograms/L for those over 60. Patients with gallbladder stone disease had increased mass concentrations of t-PA in plasma, even when corrected for the age effect; patients with multi-infarct dementia did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aging and reactivatability of plaice cholinesterase inhibited by soman and its stereoisomers.

A simple and rapid method to study aging of soman-inhibited cholinesterases was developed. The method was applied to study the aging characteristics of soman-inhibited cholinesterase from the muscles of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). The orientation of the soman molecule in the active site is decisive both for the rate of aging and the degree of reactivation of unaged enzyme, a conclusion reached by using soman stereoisomers. Fluoride ions were found to affect reactivatability as well as aging rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

ECG changes during lithium therapy. A prospective study.

The influence of long-term lithium treatment on the ECG was investigated in 53 consecutive patients. An ECG was recorded prior to and 4 and 12 months after institution of lithium therapy. The most frequently observed change during treatment was flattening or inversion of the T wave. Heart rate decreased and P-Q interval increased slightly during therapy. There was no change in the S-T segment or the Q-T interval corrected for heart rate. Our data indicate that well monitored lithium treatment of patients with serum lithium concentrations of about 0.6 mmol/l does not cause serious ECG abnormalities. In the absence of symptoms or signs of heart disease, routine monitoring of ECG is not necessary during lithium treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dementia of the Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia: a clinical description and diagnostic problems.

Patients who had Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) were compared with a group of controls. Demented patients had approximately the same degree of dementia and the same duration of illness. The MID group had a significantly higher mean age than the AD/SDAT group. Sixty-three per cent of the AD/SDAT patients were free of other diseases, while 65 per cent of the MID patients had cardiovascular disease. Thirty per cent of the MID patients had a history of previous depression, while only 5 per cent of the AD/SDAT patients had had depression. At the time of the investigation, however, AD/SDAT patients showed significantly more signs of depression than the MID patients. Focal neurologic signs were found in 70 per cent of the MID patients and only 6 per cent of the AD/SDAT patients. The electrocardiogram was normal for every AD/SDAT patient, while 75 per cent of the MID patients had abnormal ECGs. Electroencephalography showed generalized slow frequencies in 79 per cent of the AD/SDAT patients and localized slow frequencies and abnormalities in 65 per cent of the MID patients. Computed tomography of the brain showed that MID patients had significantly greater dilation of the ventricular system, while cortical atrophy did not differ significantly among the three groups. Homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly lower in the AD/SDAT group as compared with controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Long-term lithium treatment and renal functions. A prospective study.

Renal functions were examined in 53 patients before the start of long-term lithium treatment (I) and then after 4 months (II) and 12 months (III) on lithium treatment. The tubular function was studied by means of the DDAVP (Minirin) test and the glomerular filtration rate was measured by creatinine clearance. The mean maximum urine osmolality (+/- SE) on the first occasion (I) was 800 +/- 20 mosm/kg H2O, 702 +/- 20 on the second (II), and on the third (III) 723 +/- 17 mosm/kg H2O. The mean creatinine clearance before the start of lithium treatment (I) was 128 +/- 5 ml/min, after 4 months (II) 106 +/- 4 and after 12 months (III) 114 +/- 5 ml/min. The results of the present study suggest that lithium treatment with serum levels of approximately 0.6 mmol/l causes a decrease in renal concentrating ability and the glomerular filtration rate in the early stages after the start of therapy. This decrease in the renal functions does not seem to progress during the first year of lithium treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cytogenetic changes in patients with senile dementia.

Chromosome analyses were performed on lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer type dementia, multi-infarct dementia, Down's syndrome and healthy controls. At least 100 cells were scored from each individual. A significant increase in aneuploidy was observed in the demented patients compared to controls but there was no difference between multi-infarct dementia and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Nor was there any sex difference in the different groups. Also there was a significantly increased frequency of structurally altered chromosomes among the patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type compared to other forms of dementia. In the control group such an anomaly was not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Changes in blood glucose and insulin secretion in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type.

A retrospective study of 839 hospital records with various dementia diagnoses showed that 63 cases had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus as well. None of these were found in the group of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in patients with SDAT, multiinfarct dementia (MID), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hospitalized control patients (Chosp) and healthy elderly persons (Celd). Fasting blood sugar was significantly lower and the areas under the OGTT curves were significantly smaller in the SDAT group than in the CVD and the Chosp group. SDAT patients had higher insulin levels than Celd during the OGTT and on a statistically significant level 90 min after ingestion of sugar. Our findings suggest that SDAT and diabetes mellitus may not co-exist and that patients with SDAT have decreased blood sugar concentrations and elevated serum insulin levels. It is discussed whether this is an effect of the transmitter deficiencies in SDAT or may serve to explain these deficiencies.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and multiinfarct dementia.

Eighteen patients with the clinical diagnosis dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) and 20 patients with the clinical diagnosis multiinfarct dementia (MID) were interviewed using a subscale to the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), consisting of items measuring psychopathological symptoms and signs commonly seen in patients with dementia. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate whether a difference in psychopathology between AD/SDAT and MID could be observed during a semistructured psychiatric interview using the CPRS. In both groups the duration of illness was similar and the dementia mild to moderate. All patients were subjected to somatic, psychiatric, laboratory, neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic examinations in order to obtain the correct clinical diagnoses. The results show that patients with AD/SDAT have a more variable psychopathology than patients with MID. Patients with MID were rated lower on all items used, especially those concerning verbal and personal contact. This might explain the generally accepted opinion that patients with MID have better contact with their surroundings and better preservation of their personality, even though they have the same degree of dementia as patients with AD/SDAT.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human brain in relation to age, drug influence, agonal status and circadian variation.

The post-mortem brain concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in 16 parts of the brain from patients with no history of neurologic, psychiatric or metabolic illness. The causes of death were either ischemic heart disease, infections disease, cancer or accidents. Forty-two men with a mean age of 57 years (range 18-95 years) and 19 women with a mean age of 62 years (range 23-79 years) were included. The influence of several factors were studied: brain weight, time between death and autopsy, storage time before chemical analysis, age, sex, agonal status, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cancer, opiate treatment and time of death during the day. Most correlations between the 5-HT concentrations in different brain parts were positive, the strongest correlations in the basal ganglia and the limbic system. No consistent pattern of age-related 5-HT changes were found. The females had significantly higher 5-HIAA concentrations in the cortex of the gyrus hippocampus. Final hypoxia seemed to decrease 5-HT concentrations. Opiate treatment reduced 5-HT and increased 5-HIAA concentrations. A marked circadian variation of 5-HT was found, most pronounced in the hypothalamus, the limbic system and some neocortical areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Renal function and morphology in long-term lithium and combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment.

Ten patients on long-term lithium therapy and ten on lithium and neuroleptics (combination therapy) were examined with renal biopsy and tests of renal function. Patients on combination therapy had more pronounced histopathological changes and lower concentrating capacity than patients on lithium alone. Patients on combination therapy had received a larger total dose of lithium and had had higher maximum serum lithium levels than patients on lithium alone. Patients with large daily urine volumes had a low concentrating capacity. There was a negative correlation between degree of histopathological lesions and urinary concentrating capacity. Estimation of urinary concentrating capacity seems to be of value for the assessment of renal lesions in lithium treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hypoglycemia in Alzheimer's disease.

Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed on patients with a) dementia of Alzheimer type, b) distal gangrene, c) cerebrovascular disease, and d) on non-diabetic controls. Fasting blood sugar was significantly lower and the areas under the GTT curves were significantly smaller in the dementia group than in the other three groups. It is discussed whether Alzheimer's disease is a generalized disease not only confined to brain tissue and whether the reduced blood glucose levels could impair the brain transmitter levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Renal concentrating capacity in long-term lithium treatment and after withdrawal of lithium.

The urinary concentrating capacity was estimated with the DDAVP test in 87 patients receiving lithium therapy, which was discontinued in all patients. The test was repeated three and eight weeks after withdrawal of lithium in 75 patients and one year after withdrawal in 27 patients. Of the 87 patients, 52 were also treated with neuroleptics, which treatment was continued throughout the study. Two control groups, consisting of 30 patients receiving only neuroleptics and 30 healthy subjects, were studied on one occasion with the DDAVP test. Lithium-treated patients had significantly lower concentrating capacity and higher serum creatinine than healthy subjects at all examinations. Small but statistically significant correlations were found between urinary osmolality and total dose of lithium, between urinary osmolality and duration of lithium treatment, between the highest serum lithium concentration recorded and urinary osmolality after withdrawal of lithium and between the daily dose of lithium and urinary osmolality, while patients were still on lithium. The concentrating capacity improved significantly during the first two months after withdrawal of lithium, but not later. One year after withdrawal of lithium, 17 of 27 patients still had a concentrating capacity below 800 mOsm/kg. Patients receiving lithium and neuroleptics had lower concentrating capacity than patients treated with lithium alone, and patients treated with neuroleptics alone had lower concentrating capacity than healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Kidney function in patients with affective disorders with and without lithium therapy.

The ability to concentrate the urine was estimated in healthy volunteers, patients with affective disorders who had never received lithium and lithium-treated patients. Patients with affective disorders who had never received lithium were found to have significantly lower concentrating capacity than healthy volunteers. However, lithium-treated patients had still lower concentrating capacity and differed significantly both from healthy volunteers and from patients who had never received lithium. Furthermore, in a subgroup of lithium-treated patients investigated twice with an interval of 6 months, a progressive decrease in concentrating capacity was found, indicating the importance of lithium therapy.

Adult↗