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Biomedical subjects

G Bertrand

Publications and source records attributed to G Bertrand.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Apropos of a case].

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (CNEC) is a rare tumour. We report the case of a 75-year old woman affected with a rapidly progressive CNEC of the right cheek which kept recurring despite surgical excision followed by radiotherapy. The clinical features of CNEC are not specific. The tumour is located in the dermis, and the tumoral cells (Merkel cells) have a monotonous appearance. Gould's classification of these carcinomas into three types has a prognostic value. Immunohistochemistry is a mandatory complement to light microscope examination. It is very difficult to distinguish between CNEC and metastasis from a visceral small cell carcinoma. Treatment consists of surgery combined with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was very successful in our patient and should be considered in other cases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The glucagonoma syndrome. 3 new cases].

We report three new cases of glucagonoma revealed, 6 to 12 months after its onset, by non-specific and misleading skin lesions associated in all 3 cases with diabetes mellitus, severe deterioration of the general condition and hyperglucagonaemia. Non-invasive methods, such as ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT), are most helpful to locate the pancreatic tumour. Phlebography with tiered venous blood sampling is useful in difficult cases. A false positive result has been recorded with arteriography. Ultrasonography and CT have yielded two false negative results. The alpha-chain of the chorionic gonadotrophin hormone has limited value in the diagnosis of malignant glucagonoma. Treatment is surgical, but despite it, the prognosis is severe (two of our three patients died), due to the risk of thromboembolism, to cachexia and to metastases that are frequent at the time of diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of liver biopsy in internal medicine. Apropos of a series of 300 puncture biopsies].

Between April 1976 and March 1987, in an Internal Medicine department some 300 unguided percutaneous liver biopsies were performed, using the Tru-Cut excision needle. The procedure contributed to the diagnosis in 76.2% of the cases. In alcoholism-related pathology with its specific lesions, liver biopsy is particularly useful in diagnosing incipient fatty degeneration and hepatitis and helps in the prognosis of cirrhosis. In chronic hepatitis, it asserts the diagnosis and provides aetiological and prognostic data. The finding of granulomas at histology sometimes clinches a hitherto undecided diagnosis : sarcoidosis or tuberculosis? The diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis rests on convergent clinical, biochemical and histological elements. In blood diseases, liver biopsy is of interest on three scores: it shows whether or not the liver is involved, detects intercurrent complications and evaluates the extent of the lesions before treatment. When performed after ultrasonography, it enables intrahepatic cholestasis to be recognized and extrahepatic cholestasis, unidentified by ultrasounds, to be suspected. In primary biliary cirrhosis, it confirms the diagnosis and informs on the severity and progressiveness of the disease. In hepatic cancers, liver biopsy has recently been superseded by computerized tomography and ultrasonography. Finally, it largely contributes to the diagnosis of overload disease and evaluates their activity and their impact on the liver.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of Pneumocystis carinii on nitrite production by rat alveolar macrophages.

Nitrite production by rat alveolar macrophages was studied to determine the role of L-arginine oxidation in the interaction between these cells and Pneumocystis carinii. Alveolar macrophages from rats obtained from two different breeders were used: rats from Janvier breeder had latent P. carinii infection, while those from Charles River breeder were bred in a germ-free environment. Pneumocystis carinii increased in vitro nitrite generation by unstimulated alveolar macrophages from Janvier rats only, and this was blocked by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Incubation of cells from Janvier and Charles River rats with lipopolysaccharide and/or interferon-gamma increased nitrite production to a similar extent. Pneumocystis carinii partially decreased nitrite release by activated alveolar macrophages, and this was still inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. In the presence of P. carinii, superoxide dismutase used as a superoxide anion scavenger had no effect on nitrite production by activated cells. These results show that prior exposure to P. carinii leads to nitric oxide production by rat alveolar macrophages. Although the magnitude of this production seems to be moderate, it is of biological significance since cells of P. carinii-naive rats do not generate nitrite whereas those of latently infected rats do.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hashimoto's thyroiditis and monoclonal gammapathy (two cases) (author's transl)].

The authors describe two cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a monoclonal dysproteinemia (IgG lambda in one case and IgG kappa in the other). They show that the antithyroid activity (anti-microsomial in the first case, anti thyroglobulin in the second case) is not carried by the abnormal gammaglobulin. The two diseases, therefore, appear to be separate but can both be considered as the consequence of a particular immunological state.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glioependymal cysts: CT and MR findings.

Four patients with intracranial glioependymal cysts were evaluated in our institution in the last 7 years. All underwent surgical drainage and biopsy of the cyst wall. Cranial CT revealed a uniformly hypodense lesion with no contrast enhancement in all cases. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a well defined cyst that was isointense to CSF on T1-weighted images and iso- or mildly hyperintense to CSF on proton density and T2-weighted images. In one case, a fluid-fluid level was demonstrated within the cavity, indicating the presence of fluid with a high protein content. A diagnosis of glioependymal cysts can be suggested based on CSF-like intensity patterns on T1-weighted images and iso- or mild hyperintensity on T2-weighted images.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Report of a case of Gaucher's disease in adult].

The authors report a case of Gaucher's disease in an adult. This is a rare disease due to the accumulation of a glucoceramide in the reticulo-endothelial cells and may remain for long clinically symptomless, as in this case. The diagnosis suggested by the biological disturbance, viz. moderate thrombopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, increase in SGPT, was conformed by the presence of Gaucher's cells in the liver and in the bone marrow, and by the existence of an intraleukocytic glucosidase deficiency. The authors recall the clinical forms of this disease, and recent clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Amyloid tumors of the lung. Apropos of a new case].

The authors report a new case of pseudo-tumoral nodular amyloidosis of the lungs. The amyloid nodules being discovered during a surgical procedure for an adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus. The histopathological study of the nodules confirmed their amyloid origin and allowed to precise their histochemical features.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunostaining of colorectal cancer with monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies compared to serum and tumor CEA content.

Carcinoembryonic antigen was measured in serum and in extracts from 37 colorectal tumors and we found a poor correlation between circulating and tumor CEA. Monoclonal antiCEA antibodies were used in indirect immunoperoxidase staining of the corresponding formalin fixed tissue sections. We found that serum CEA measurement had a sensitivity of only 41.9% as compared to 90.3% for the immunohistochemical staining. The positive and negative predictive values for immunostaining were respectively 96.6% and 72.7%. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections with monoclonal anti CEA coupled to other biochemical or immunological assays could be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of premalignant or slightly modified tissues.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flow cytometric studies of colorectal tumors using fine needle aspiration.

The results are reported of cytofluorometric DNA analyses of colorectal tumors using cells obtained by mechanical disruption and fine needle aspiration. The latter method does not lower the level of debris or cell aggregates. We found a significantly higher proportion of aneuploid cells by needle aspiration. There was a good correlation between the data obtained by both methods, but for large heterogeneous tumors multiple site aspirations are needed to obtain representative specimens. Fine needle aspiration was found particularly useful for small tumors and polyps.

Biopsy, Needle↗