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Biomedical subjects

G Bernaschek

Publications and source records attributed to G Bernaschek.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Length of the uterine cervix toward the end of pregnancy--a sonographic study].

In the last weeks of gestation a progressive effacement of the uterine cervix can be observed. 28 patients underwent sonographical investigation weekly between 30th and 40th week of gestation for measuring the cervical length. We found a significant shortening of the uterine cervix in primiparae by about 34.4%, in multiparae by about 41.9%. Sonographic measurement enables objective determination of the length of the uterine cervix and can be helpful in observing the course in cases of imminent preterm delivery.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1986

[Vaginosonographic pelvimetry as a new method of the sonographic determination of internal pelvic measurements].

Up to now sonographical pelvimetry has been performed by employing compound scanners. The development of a new vaginal scanner (panorama scanner) offers the possibility of using modern real-time ultrasound equipment for pelvimetry. Measurements were performed by vaginal scanner, compound scanner and after delivery by x-ray examination in 48 patients. Evaluation of our data showed a good correlation of all three methods. In contrary to the compound scanner vaginosonographical pelvimetry is not affected by the gestational week. Furthermore this method allows also the measurement of the transversal pelvic diameter.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Sonographically detectable fetal epiphyseal centers as a criterion for maturity in comparison to L/S ratio].

In 62 pregnant women between the 31st and 39th week of gestation who underwent amniocentesis for determination of the lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio in the amniotic fluid, sonographical identification and measurement of epiphyseal centres around the foetal knee joint were performed. If an epiphyseal centre in the proximal area of the tibia and/or an epiphyseal centre of 6 mm or more in the distal area of the femur could be identified, this showed that a lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio greater than or equal to 2 was present. This noninvasive method of measurement of epiphyseal centres by ultrasound allows not only an exact determination of gestational week in late pregnancy, but also supplies particularly in cases of nondiabetic pregnancies, an indirect pointer to foetal maturity.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1985

[Sonographic detection of fetal epiphyseal centers--an additional parameter for determining delivery date].

A new ultrasonic method based on X-ray concepts for depicting prenatally developed centers in the tarsal bones, calcaneus and talus, as well as and especially in the epiphysis centers of the fetal knee joint is described. Investigations of average collectives show that the center in the calcaneus becomes visible during the 24th week of pregnancy, on the average, whereas the center in the talus becomes visible during the 26th week after begin of amenorrhea. The growth charts of both these tarsal centers demonstrate almost linear growth until parturition, the very slight increase per week, however, limits the possibilities for their use in determining the period of gestation. The epiphysis center in the distal femur becomes visible by ultrasonic methods during the 32nd week of pregnancy, on the average, the center in the proximal tibia appears later, during the 37th week after amenorrhea begins. Both epiphysis centers show an almost linear increase in size from the time they first appear; the center in the femur, however, has a growth chart that shows levelling off after the 38th week of pregnancy. The differences between X-ray and ultrasonic representation, which become evident upon comparing growth charts as well as in a separate and direct comparison are shown to be due, through the results of a parallel histological study, to an increase in density of the cartilage matrix prior to ossification. Of the fetal factors which were investigated only the weight and length of the child show a slight, and for practical purposes negligable influence on the size of the epiphysis centers, whereby only the results showing that the femur centers tend to be larger when the child is heavier and longer appear significant. Neither sex nor maternal factors influence the size of the visible epiphysis centers in any way. A slight modification in the case of diabetics and pregnancy induced hypertension patients seems to most likely be due to the macrosomal and retarded children occurring in these groups. None of the factors investigated effect a significant difference in the ultrasonic development or time of appearance of the epiphysis centers. In view of the fact that growth charts show levelling off and of the wider biological scattering range of all parameters currently used to determine the duration of gestation during the last trimenon, making use of this new ultrasonic method with its double advantage - the first appearance of the centers during the last quarter of pregnancy as well as the following near-linear increase in size - seems to suggest itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Calcaneus↗
PubMed1985

[Problems in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal microcephaly].

By the example of a case of lissencephalia the problems of prenatal diagnosis of the very rare, genuine fetal microcephalia are demonstrated: differentiation to pseudomicrocephalia, vague to missing midline echo, lacking possibility of radiological objectification.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Alterations of immunologic parameters in pregnancies complicated by EPH-gestosis.

To characterize the cellular and humoral immune situation in pregnancies with EPH-gestosis (n = 44), percentages of peripheral T-lymphocytes, ratio of helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes further circulating immuncomplexes (CIC), beta 2-Microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and lysozyme (Lz) were determined. 50 pregnant women without EPH-gestosis were examined as controls. The mean counts of total lymphocytes decreased with increasing gestosis index in contrast to T-lymphocyte percentages. The mean T-helper/T-suppressorcell ratio indicated a severe imbalance in a few cases with severe gestosis. CIC were present in all serum samples of patients with moderate and severe gestosis. Lz was found to be elevated in EPH-gestosis in correlation to severity of disease. beta 2-MG levels in serum were only increased in women with reduced renal function. This parameter was not strictly correlated to the severity of EPH-gestosis but only to the degree of kidney dysfunctioning. EPH-gestosis represents a heterogeneous group with uniform symptomatology. Only in severe gestosis an imbalance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations as well as CIC and elevated Lz levels were detected. In mild gestosis no alterations of the used parameters were found.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1984

[Forms of manifestations of breast cancer in sonography].

40 women with breast cancer were checked by the ultrasound Octoson technique and the results compared with the histological tumour types. We grouped the carcinomas into 3 types: scirrhous, solid or medullary, and the invasive lobular tumour. Our diagnostic ultrasound criteria: internal echoes, as well as contour and boundary echo, showed a close relationship to the histological types. Irregular internal echoes, spiculated contours and weak boundary echoes were seen in most cases with scirrhous or lobular carcinomas, whilst the other histological types also showed characteristics similar to benign tumours such as absent internal echoes, regular contours and strong boundary reflexions. The criterion "shadowing" was not closely related to the degree of internal echoes either. Hence, a needle biopsy under ultrasound control should be performed to verify the diagnosis in all doubtful cases.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnosis of breast cancer in the clinical stage T1].

52 women with stage T1 breast cancer were investigated by thermography, mammography and ultrasound and the results compared with the patients age, histological tumour type and the degree of malignancy. The best results were achieved by mammography (sensitivity: 85%). In tumours with a large amount of connective tissue (scirrhous or invasive lobular cancer) sensitivity rose to 94%, whilst in tumours with little connective tissue (solid, medullary, adenomatous and papillary) sensitivity decreased to 69%. The respective values for thermographic sensitivity were 44% and 77% and for ultrasound sensitivity in palpable tumours 85% and 65%, respectively. On mammography 3 carcinomas were not recognized, all three in younger patients; on thermography also three false negative results were obtained, but all in older patients. The sensitivity of thermography increases in parallel with increasing degree of tumour malignancy. Whilst ultrasound is a valuable aid for differential diagnosis in palpable tumours only, screening results can evidently be improved by a combination of thermography and mammography.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Sonographic diagnosis of channel pelvis].

This paper reports the findings in 22 primigravidae in whom Caesarian section was performed because of impaction of the head in mid-pelvis. 100 women who had normal deliveries served as controls. The routinely-determined external measurements of the pelvis were within the normal range in all women, whereas the distances between symphysis and the 3rd or 5th sacral vertebra were reduced in comparison with the conjugata externa in patients requiring Caesarian section. For an exact diagnosis ultrasound and X-ray pelvimetry was performed post sectionem. A reduced distance between the symphysis and the 3rd or 5th sacral vertebra was ascertained by both methods. Hence, a channel pelvis might be the main reason in these women for standstill in labour. The ultrasound and X-ray pelvimetry results were comparable.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The effect of calf blood dialysate on the excretion of estriol in placental insufficiency].

The efficacy of a dialysate of calf blood in the treatment of chronic placental insufficiency is assessed using the urinary oestriol elimination as parameter. Compared with a control group, those cases receiving 2 times 250 ml protein-free dialysate of calf blood (Solcoseryl) in saline solution over 9 days showed a significant increase in the daily quantity of urinary oestriol elimination already from the second day of treatment onwards. Other conventional procedures in the medical treatment of placental insufficiency are discussed. Some of these are known to have secondary effects or must be regarded as invasive.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1984

[Initial results of echographic staging in cervical cancer].

Twenty women with invasive carcinoma of the cervix were investigated by means of rectal sonography. A radical Wertheim's operation was performed in all cases. Ultrasound investigation was more accurate than rectovaginal palpation. Comparison between ultrasound or rectovaginal palpation with the pathohistological findings confirm that ultrasound is factual while palpation still includes bias. However, it is not yet possible to differentiate between inflammatory and carcinomatous infiltration of the parametria. The size of carcinomas restricted to the cervix can be estimated by means of ultrasound.

Female↗
PubMed1984

The effect of 2 mg estradiol-17 beta plus 1 mg estriol, sequentially combined with 1 mg norethisteroneacetate, on LH, FSH, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, testosterone and prolactin after ovariectomy.

The object of the study was to see whether maintenance of serum estradiol levels corresponding to the early and mid-follicular phase can prevent the gonadotrophin increase following ovariectomy. We also wanted to study the effect on LH and FSH of an additional dose of 1 mg dose of 1 mg norethisterone acetate administered for 10 days during each month. In 22 women with normal cycles 1 mg of estradiol benzoate was injected i.m. at the time of ovariectomy. From the first post-operative day onwards they received daily doses of 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg estriol in the form of micronized tablets. From the 41st to the 50th day and again from the 69th to the 78th day the patients received additional daily doses of 1 mg norethisterone acetate. LH, FSH, estradiol-17 beta, (E2) progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL) were measured in intervals of 2-17 days. Even though the estradiol mean values remained constant in the range of 65-115 pg throughout the period under observation, the LH mean levels increased continuously from 8 to a maximum of 23.9 mU/ml, and the FSH mean level from a pre-operative value of 6-48.0 mU/ml on the 85th day. On the 7th day after the last administration of norethisterone acetate LH was slightly depressed while FSH continued to rise slightly. Both FSH and LH are negatively correlated with E2 and this inverse correlation becomes even more pronounced the more time has elapsed after surgery. These findings suggest that not only the estrogens inhibit FSH and LH but also other steroids and/or nonsteroidal ovarian inhibiting factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Modification of cycle-dependent changes in the uterus by the intake of hormonal contraceptives].

In 15 women with normal biphasic cycles we measured the size of the uterus by means of ultrasound, weekly during one month. As comparison we used a group of 10 women with hormonal contraception. In normally menstruated women the shortest diameters of the corpus uteri were found at the end of the 2nd week of the cycle, the maximal increase size of about 25%, shortly before menstruation. In women with hormonal contraception no significant changes in size were found, obviously as a result of the decreased production of sexual steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Sonographic study of the growth of the uterus and ovaries between the ages of 1 and 14].

Ultrasonic median values of the dimensions of the uterus and volume of the ovaries were determined in a statistically sufficiently large group of girls in the hormonally inactive stage between 1 and 14 years of age who were healthy from the paediatric-gynaecological viewpoint. The graphic presentation of the results is an essential prerequisite for routine outpatient sonography. The most striking result is an almost linear, significant growth of the uterus and ovaries even before the menarche.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Can fetal kidney dilatation be physiologic?].

Sonography was used to detect and to measure the foetal calyceal system in more than 100 cases of pregnancies ranging from the 25th week to term. In 13.6% of the investigated cases physiological dilatations can be demonstrated. There is no connection with the volume of the foetal bladder or with the extension of the maternal calyceal system. The observed dilatations disappear spontaneously post partum. References to pathological dilatation of the foetal calyceal system are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

[Rectal sonography--an expansion of the diagnosis of recurrent cervical neoplasms].

Rectal sonography--especially with the use of modern rotating scanners--provides major progress in the diagnosis of recurrent malignant tumours in the lower pelvis. Due to the high resolution and the possibility of exact localisation this method is less biassed, and hence rectal scanning can be used as a routine method in future in cases suspected of recurrences located at the pelvic wall. Sonography in general and its advantages are discussed in comparison to other techniques for the diagnosis of recurring cervical malignancies.

Diagnosis, Differential↗