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Biomedical subjects

G Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to G Bernard.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Blockade of bombesin receptors with [Leu14-psi(CH2NH)-Leu13]bombesin fails to suppress nutrient-induced CCK release from rat duodenojejunum.

The present study was undertaken in order to delineate the contribution of enteric bombesin (BBS)-containing nerves in the food-induced release of intestinal cholecystokinin (CCK). For this purpose, the isolated vascularly perfused rat duodenojejunum model was used and the new compound [Leu14-psi(CH2NH)-Leu13]BBS was infused intraarterially at a concentration of 10(-6) M to block the BBS receptors. Vascular infusion of BBS alone (10(-8) M or 10(-9) M) provoked a dose-dependent release of CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI). The secretion pattern of CCK was biphasic and consisted of a transient peak (300-400% above basal) followed by a sustained response (200-300% above basal). Vascular coinfusion of the BBS analogue with BBS 10(-9) M completely abolished both phases of CCK release while only the second phase of CCK secretion was profoundly reduced upon coadministration of BBS 10(-8) M with the BBS receptor antagonist. Luminal administration of mixed nutrients induced a prompt and well-sustained release of CCK-LI which was unaffected upon arterial infusion of the BBS analogue. These data suggest that the intestinal supply in BBS-producing nerves is not involved in the food-induced release of intestinal CCK in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring for weaning patients: a pilot study.

This research pilot study evaluates the usefulness of capnography for patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation in a medical intensive care unit (MICU). The hypothesis that capnography would allow for more rapid weaning from mechanical ventilation, and require fewer arterial blood gases (ABGs) during the process, was found to be untrue. Several implications for critical care nursing practices were derived from the literature review and findings of this study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular pathways of T lymphocyte activation].

TRIGGERING T CELL ACTIVATION: A quiescent T cell must encounter an antigen presenting cell to become activated. The T receptor for the antigen delivers a first specific signal which alone is insufficient to trigger total T cell activation. A second signal independent of antigen recognition is furnished by the antigen presenting cell, leading to total activation. PATHWAYS CAPABLE OF DELIVERING THE SECOND SIGNAL: CD28 and CTLA-4 are two molecules capable of playing a powerful role in regulating immune response. The fate of B cells depends on the CD40 molecule they carry on their surface as well as on T cells which express its ligand. Adherence molecules CD11a/CD18 induce tight adherence between T cells and antigen presenting cells by binding their CD50 ligand (ICAM-3); this bond activates the T cell, completing the first signal. The CD2 pathway and its ligands, a constitutional expression on two partner cells, is a strong adherence pathway which also transmits two powerful activation signals for T cells. SEVERAL FUNCTIONAL STATES: These different activation pathways illustrate the subtle interaction between surface molecules, capable of inducing different functional states depending on the environment.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of the efficacy and acceptability of amineptine and fluoxetine in patients with major depression].

We compare two anti-depressant drugs, amineptine and fluoxetine, in a multicentric study. Amineptine is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and fluoxetine a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Eighteen french centers participate in the study. One hundred and sixty nine outpatients were randomly assigned to either 200 mg of amineptine or 20 mg of fluoxetine during 90 days. They fulfilled the DSM III-R criteria of major depressive disorder. They were aged from 18 to 70. Minor tranquilizers were allowed during the study. The patients were evaluated at D0, D7, D21, D42 and D90. If possible, an additional evaluation was made at D4. Clinical evaluations included Clinical Global Investigation (CGI), Montgomery and Asberg Depressive Rating Scale (MADRS), HARD scale, Widlocher Retardation rating scale and Hopkins Symptom Check-list (HSCL). Somatic concerns were recorded at each visit. Among the 169 patients included in the study, only 141 ended it at D90. The two drugs had good antidepressive efficacy which was noticed as soon as D7 up to D90. If we compare the antidepressant activity, no statistical differences could be observed between the two drugs using different scales. The percentage of patients with an improvement of at least 50% of the global score at MADRS was 8.3% at D7; 41% at D21, 69.2% at D42 and 83.2% at D90 for the amineptine group. For the fluoxetine group, these percentages were, 7.7%; 37.8%; 78.9%; 82.1%. No statistical differences could be noticed between the two groups, and at any time of the study. We have tried to look for a rapid antidepressive action by a clinical evaluation at D4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗