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Biomedical subjects

G Benoit

Publications and source records attributed to G Benoit.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis before renal transplantation].

In order to evaluate precisely the place of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure, it is important to find out whether this method may produce complications, mostly infectious, after renal transplantation. From April, 1979 to December, 1983, 419 renal transplantations were performed in our centre; 17 of these patients had previously been treated with peritoneal dialysis over a mean 13.5 months period, with 3.2 peritonitis/patient. The peritoneal catheter was left in situ for 4 to 16 weeks post-graft, so that the patients could easily be dialysed if needed; it was removed during transplantation in the only 3 cases of recent peritonitis. The only complications noted after transplantation were an episode of spontaneously reversible ascites and a peritoneal breach following reintervention on the renal region. This homogeneous series confirms that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis does not constitute a contra-indication, let alone an obstacle, to subsequent renal transplantation. Indeed, it may be regarded as the first-choice method for patients in whom early grafting is envisaged on account of their immune status.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bladder neck reconstruction using an anterior bladder flap in post-prostatectomy incontinence.

Bladder neck reconstruction using an anterior bladder flap was used in 10 patients with total diurnal urinary incontinence, persistent 1 year after suprapubic (n = 6) or transurethral (n = 4) prostatectomy. 8 patients achieved symptomatic improvement, 6 of them with excellent or good results. Bladder neck reconstruction is undoubtedly able to correct post-prostatectomy incontinence, provided there is no residual bladder neck obstruction or alteration of the bladder musculature due to previous surgery. These cases should be considered for artificial sphincter implantation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Anatomical study of total cystoprostatectomy.

The authors describe an anatomical study of total cystoprostatectomy. They show that Denonvilliers' fascia is made up of many membranous layers starting at the bladder. They recall the fact that the preprostatic veins are attached at the bottom, not only to the venae dorsales penis, but also to the venae pudendae internae which runs under the levator ani muscle. These preprostatic veins lie inside a vessel-bearing blade of tissue made of muscular and collagenous tissue derived from the anterior vesical wall. This anatomical study recalls the fact that the interprostatorectal dissection line is behind Denonvilliers' fascia and that the preprostatic vein dissection line is on the anterior aspect of the membranous urethra.

Fascia↗
PubMed1985

Oxalic acid level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Oxalic acid is a fermentation product of Aspergillus. We have measured the oxalic acid level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids recovered from immunocompromised patients with and without invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These levels were significantly higher in patients with invasive aspergillosis than in patients with pneumonitis of other causes. Thus, the determination of oxalic acid in bronchoalveolar lavage could be a presumptive argument for invasive aspergillosis until positive fungal cultures or histologic diagnosis; its potential value in monitoring the course of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, particularly under treatment, has to be confirmed in more patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Need for hepatocellular carcinoma screening before renal transplantation in HBs +, HBe +, western African.

We report a case of fulminant hepatocellular carcinoma discovered 50 days after renal transplantation. The recipient was a young Senegalese, hepatitis B virus chronic carrier. The pre-transplant check-up was normal, and the tumor was latent until its dramatic expression. Progression of hepatitis B liver disease occurs in immuno-suppressed renal transplant recipients, which often leads to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a high risk of death due to liver disease. The early discovery of the tumor in this patient emphasizes the necessity for complete hepatic screening before transplantation in african, hepatitis B virus chronic carrier recipients. Moreover, the accumulation of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: hepatitis B virus, food mycotoxins (aflatoxin), parasitic infestation and immunosuppression with transplantation is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A case of nephrogenic metaplasia (or nephrogenic adenoma) of the bladder].

Aside to a case report, we describe the nephrogenic adenoma an unusual modification of the urothelium of the bladder elicited by chronic irritation. We review the criteria of diagnosis of this disease, which only rely on histopathological examination. Though being a benign lesion, nephrogenic adenoma requires a long term follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Renal transplantation and pregnancy].

The authors report four cases of pregnancy in a series of 174 women who had undergone renal transplantation. In one case the pregnancy was complicated by a pre-eclamptic attack and premature delivery. A review of the literature shows that the risks to the mother and the kidney are marginal. The risk to the child, however, is more serious. Pregnancy in transplant patients is therefore a high-risk pregnancy requiring advance precautions and careful surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Rejection reaction and use of rifampicin in the treatment of tuberculosis in kidney transplantation].

Rifampicin is considered as one of the most potent antituberculous agents and is often used in renal transplant recipients. However, acute cellular rejection episodes were observed when rifampicin was prescribed in 4 tolerant renal transplant recipients. Acute rejection occurred in 3 out of the 5 patients, despite doubled daily dose of steroids. First, rifampicin is an enzymatic inducer and accelerates steroid metabolism. Secondly, rifampicin per se is an immunosuppressive drug, as already proved in animals. Rifampicin interferes with the active mechanisms involved in specific transplantation tolerance. In conclusion, we recommend a very cautious use of rifampicin in kidney transplant recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Urologic complication of renal transplantation. Importance of the length of the ureter].

The authors report a series of 430 renal transplantations performed over five years. During this period, the surgical technique was modified to ureterovesical anastomosis. The urological complications--fistulae and stenosis--are discussed as a function of the site of the implantation, the position of the kidney, the type of anastomosis and the length of the ureter. The results show that transplantation in the iliac position gives rise to more complications than transplantation in the pelvic position. They also show that inversion of the superior pole of the kidney leads to a greater number of urological complications. In the series reported, ureterovesical anastomosis gave 6.7% of complications, against 12% for uretero-ureteral anastomosis, which also gave rise to a significantly larger number of fistulae. More detailed study of the series reveals a complication rate of 4.7% for ureterovesical anastomosis (out of 224 patients) against 4% for uretero-ureteral anastomosis, when the ureter was short (in both series). The dominant factor is therefore the length of the ureter; the longer it is, the greater the number of urological complications.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1985

[A non-secreting bladder paraganglioma. A case report].

The authors report the case of a 43 year old patient hospitalized for hematuria extending over eight years. Cystoscopy revealed an endovesical lesion which was resected and diagnosed as a non-secreting vesical paraganglioma. At operation, the cervical localization of the lesion was treated by total cystoprostatectomy. Starting out from this case report, the authors discuss the difficulties of diagnosing non-secreting vesical paragangliomas, the difficulties of assessing their malignancy and therefore the difficulties of treating them.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Topographic anatomy of the caliceal stem: the colonic risk].

Body-section roentgenograms were taken of seventy five patients examined for non-urological complaints. These were studied and the axes of the ventral and dorsal calices were measure. The axis of the ventral calix passes through the left or right colon. The axis of the dorsal calix follows the avascular line and passes to the lateral border of the paravertebral muscles, avoiding the left and right colon. These anatomical data confirm that the dorsal calix is the route of choice in the percutaneous approach to the kidney.

Colon↗
PubMed1985

[Urologic manifestations of aortocaval fistulas].

The authors report two cases of aortocaval fistula, resulting from the rupture of an abdominal aneurysm, and revealed by lumbar pains and hematuria. In both cases, the left kidney was mute, and was possibly responsible for the hematuria.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Hemostasis of the preprostatic veins in total cystoprostatectomy. Anatomical bases].

An anatomical study has enabled the authors to propose a diagrammatic description of pre-prostatic veins, the haemostasis of which is one of the difficult stages in total cystoprostatectomy for cancer. These veins are surrounded by the pubovesical ligaments but they are separated from the membranous urethra by a cleavage plane which can be used to control venous bleeding.

Hemostasis, Surgical↗
PubMed1984

[Sarcoma of the bladder in adults].

The authors report five cases of sarcoma of the bladder and make a distinction between homotypical and heterotypical sarcomas and lymphosarcomas presenting specific therapeutical problems. The prognosis is severe because of very frequent local relapse. They recommend disregard of the invasion of the muscular wall, and the performance of total cystectomy following a positive histological diagnosis. In their view, this is the basis for the treatment of sarcomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Anatomical bases of kidney transplantation in man.

Kidney transplantation is a well codified operation. The way to reduce surgical complications (urological and vascular) lies in a precise knowledge of the anatomy of the renal pedicle, as well as of the ureter and its vascularization. The choice of a site for implantation depends on anatomical arguments which aim at using a well vascularised ureter, and so a short one, and a renal pedicle without tension, with therefore a long or extended renal vein. A privileged site for transplantation is the right or left iliac fossa; transplantation in the lumbar fossa remains exceptional.

Histological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Anatomical basis of the surgical approach to the membranous urethra.

The pars membranacea is the short segment of the urethra traversing the floor of the perineum. The main anatomical obstacles encountered in the approach to the membranous urethra are the perineal body posteriorly, and the deep dorsal vein of the penis and preprostatic venous plexus, anteriorly. These obstacles must be borne in mind when performing a surgical approach to the membranous urethra. The perineal body is the main obstacle to the perineal approach and can be avoided by incision of the sagittal raphes (anobulbar and rectourethral raphes) posterior to it and up to the apex of the prostate. When the trans-symphysial or transpubic approach is used, detachment of the suspensory ligament and roots of the penis allows exposure of the preprostatic venous plexus whose inferior part lies over the membranous urethra.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Anatomical basis of total prostatocystectomy in man.

In the first part of this paper special emphasis is given to the anatomy of Denonvillier 's fascia which is derived from the prostatic capsule and covers the seminal vesicles, and to the preprostatic veins. In the second part devoted to the surgical technique of total prostatocystectomy the authors propose that the vesicoprostatic unit be freed by dissecting posterior to Denonvillier 's fascia. It is also proposed that the membranous urethra be sectioned prior to performing hemostasis of the preprostatic veins.

Fascia↗