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Biomedical subjects

G Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to G Bauer.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Determination of tuberculostearic acid--progress in early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis].

Rapid diagnosis of cerebral tuberculous meningitis is of the greatest importance in determining the outcome of therapy. Since tubercle bacilli are often not seen on microscopy of the cerebrospinal fluid, and culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis takes many weeks, there is a need for more rapid and sensitive confirmatory tests. The importance of the detection of tuberculostearic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid in combination with magnet resonance imaging will be shown in this case report.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Control of serum concentration of anticonvulsants in pregnancy].

In a prospective study we investigated the serum concentrations and frequency of seizures in 38 women with epilepsy in a total of 44 pregnancies. Monthly follow-up examinations were carried out in cooperation with the risk outpatient unit of the Department of Gynecology. Antiepileptic serum concentrations were determined using the technique of fluorescence polarisation. At constant dosage, a decrease in serum concentration occurred in most cases with a maximum at the 5th and 6th month of gestation, regardless of the kind of antiepileptic medication. No changes in seizure frequency have been observed. The treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy should in any case depend on the course of the illness, rather than on laboratory parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Perception of stab injuries].

It is reported about two men with a stab wound to the back, who did not realize their injuries. In both cases the specific living circumstances are discussed as a reason of their perception-disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Quantification of muscle loss in the doxorubicin-treated orbicularis oculi of the monkey. Effect of local injection of doxorubicin into the eyelid.

Many neuromuscular diseases are characterized by involuntary and forceful muscle contraction. Doxorubicin has been shown to chemically remove the orbicularis oculi muscle after injection into the eyelid. The chemomyectomy effect of doxorubicin was quantified after injection of a 2-mg dose into the right lower eyelid. A significant loss of muscle was seen in the injected eyelids, with a mean loss of 87% of the summed cross-sectional area of all muscle fibers throughout representative cross-sections of the treated eyelids. This muscle loss was selective, with the greatest loss in the preseptal region of the orbicularis oculi. The authors found no differential loss of different muscle fiber types after doxorubicin treatment. This muscle loss was not accompanied by an increase in connective tissue, and surrounding eyelid structures were normal. The authors find that doxorubicin is a highly effective myotoxin and represents a novel permanent treatment for blepharospasm and related diseases because it is highly specific for muscle cells and is easy to localize within a given muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

[Primary prevention of HIV infection].

Primary prophylaxis by a change of behaviour in the population continues to be the only effective possibility to prevent a further spread of the aids epidemic. The most important presupposition for this is the precise knowledge of the ways of transmission and the corresponding protective measures. Informations referring to this must turn up repeatedly and above all free of contradictions at all levels of the preventive campaign. The desired changes of behaviour suppose also a climate of confidence and solidarity. The physician's task of prevention is part of the comprehensive strategy of HIV-prevention in Switzerland (effect in width and depth on population- and target groups and on the individual level). It is naturally the physician's domain to look after and counsel individually. Most variable possibilities of beginning a conversation about Aids prevention offer themselves to him. He should put the indication for this as generous as possible and deal extensively with a possible risky behaviour which might not be conscious to both the patient and the physician. The HIV antibody test is indicated in certain situations, however the pre- and posttest counselling is in any case much more decisive than the result of the test. The preventive measures recommended up to now for the most important ways of transmission (sexual contact, intravenous drug use, perinatal transmission, blood/blood products) are still valid without modification.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1991

Compartment syndrome of the foot after intraarticular calcaneal fracture.

Seventeen patients with a total of 21 intraarticular calcaneal fractures were examined at up to 30 days after trauma for the development of tissue pressure in the central plantar muscle compartment. Twelve patients had a significant increase in tissue pressure with values greater than 30 mmHg because of primary fracture hematoma or interstitial fluid accumulation. This increase in pressure persisted for three to five days after trauma, so that ischemic damage to the short plantar foot muscles had to be suspected. Plantar muscle scarring and claw-toe formation were observed in seven patients with a total of 11 fractures during a mean observation period of 18 months. The plantar aponeurosis, which forms the constricting fascial envelope of the plantar muscles, is the anatomic structure responsible for the compartment syndrome that may develop after calcaneal fracture. Therefore, to avoid functional deficit, plantar compartmental pressures should be regularly measured after calcaneal fracture. Significantly increased plantar tissue pressure greater than 30 mmHg should be relieved by longitudinal incision of the plantar aponeurosis, preferably by a plantar incision as soon as the diagnosis is made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Epileptic prodromal manifestations and episodic affective symptoms: nonspecific complaints or non-convulsive status epilepticus?].

Subjective unspecific complaints presage in some patients with epilepsy a following overt epileptic seizure. It has to be considered whether these epileptic prodromal states are simple partial seizures (epileptic aura) or a status epilepticus non convulsivus. Three patients with epilepsy of different classification and etiology were studied. Their interictally occurring unspezific complaints, the clinical examination and EEG with simultaneous videorecording were documented. In these three cases the results led to the conclusion that the epileptic prodromal states were the expression of a status epilepticus non convulsivus. The management and possible therapeutic intervention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA associated with arabis mosaic nepovirus.

The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA (satRNA) associated with a lilac isolate of arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) was determined from cDNA copies. The sequence was 1104 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(A) tail, contained a long open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 360 amino acids, with an Mr of 39K. Nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that the ArMV-associated satRNA shared 83% nucleotide identity with a satRNA from grapevine fanleaf nepovirus, but no extensive sequence homology was observed with other nepoviral satRNAs.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1990

[Radio-ulnar bridge callus following osteosynthesis of forearm fractures].

137 patients with forearm fractures and internal plate fixation were investigated for postoperative radio-ulnar synostosis. 10 patients (7.3%) developed such a complication, 7 after complete, 3 after either ulnar or radial lesion. Of 73 patients with complete forearm fractures, 50 had separate incisions, and developed radio-ulnar synostosis only secondary to severe soft tissue injury. Of 12 other patients, by contrast, who were operated on for radial and ulnar plate fixation via one common incision (Boyd's approach), synostosis occurred in 5. After isolated ulnar fractures in 32 cases, synostosis was seen in two cases - in one after severe soft tissue injury, in the other after a modified Boyd's approach. Only one patient with isolated and open fracture of the radius presented later with radio-ulnar synostosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[AIDS counseling in general practice].

General practitioners are in prime position for promoting primary, secondary and tertiary HIV prevention. Counselling is an integral part of their work and a key step towards behavioural change of their patients. Particular attention must be given to counselling before and after the HIV antibody test. So far, the extraordinary potential of general practitioners to educate patients about HIV infection has been used insufficiently. The primary barriers to providing health education are lack of knowledge and discomfort with initiating discussions of sexuality or drugs use rather than lack of time or 'other health priorities', etc. These findings show the need to implement education programmes for physicians and other members of their medical practice. Additionally, patients should be encouraged to take the initiative in starting discussions about HIV. In Switzerland, an education programme for physicians is currently under way.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Stimulatory role of transforming growth factors in multistage skin carcinogenesis: possible explanation for the tumor-inducing effect of wounding in initiated NMRI mouse skin.

Mechanical wounding provides a convertogenic ("stage I tumor-promoting") stimulus in initiated NMRI mouse skin, indicating that this stage of carcinogenesis can be entirely controlled by endogenous factors. A search for such factors led to the finding that both platelet-derived Epstein-Barr-virus-inducing factor (EIF), alias human TGF beta 1 and porcine TGF beta, exhibited--upon intracutaneous injection--convertogenic efficacy in initiated NMRI-mouse skin in vivo provided that their injection was combined with a single topical application of the non-convertogenic tumor promoter 12-O-retinolyphorbol-13-acetate (RPA). Since TGF beta inhibits epidermal cell proliferation, the RPA treatment is thought to provide a mitogenic stimulus required for conversion. The RPA treatment can be replaced by intracutaneous injection of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha). These results indicate that the stage of conversion consists of two components, one of which is related to mitogenesis (RPA or TGF alpha), the other to a still unknown activity exhibited by TGF beta-like factors. Thus, endogenous factors with the quality of "wound hormones" may be involved in multistage skin carcinogenesis. This finding could explain the convertogenic effect of skin wounding.

Animals↗