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Biomedical subjects

G B Fuller

Publications and source records attributed to G B Fuller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A five-step procedure for the clinical use of the MPD in neuropsychological assessment of children.

Described a five-step procedure that can be used to detect organicity on the basis of children's performance on the Minnesota Percepto Diagnostic Test (MPD). The first step consists of examining the T score for rotations to determine whether it is below the cut-off score, which has been established empirically as an indicator of organicity. The second step consists of matching the examinee's configuration of error scores, separation of circle-diamond (SpCD), distortion of circle-diamond (DCD), and distortion of dots (DD), with empirically derived tables. The third step consists of considering the T score for rotations and error configuration jointly. The fourth step consists of using empirically established discriminant equations, and the fifth step involves using data from limits testing and other data sources. The clinical and empirical bases for the five-step procedure also are discussed.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1984

Influence of restraint and ketamine anesthesia on adrenal steroids, progesterone, and gonadotropins in rhesus monkeys.

Changes in gonadotropins, progesterone, cortisol, DHA, and DHAS were monitored in 10 female rhesus monkeys (Days 20-23 of the menstrual cycle) subjected to cage restraint with or without ketamine anesthesia for successive venipunctures. All animals were bled without sedation for 2 hr at 30-min intervals. Then 4 of the animals were anesthetized with ketamine-HCl and bleedings in all animals were continued for an additional 2.5 hr. FSH and progesterone were not appreciably affected by either restraint technique. LH declined steadily for the duration of the bleedings (P less than 0.05). Serum levels of cortisol and the adrenal androgens increased twofold (P less than 0.05). Anesthesia with ketamine had no effect on any of the six variables when compared with saline controls. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) levels tended to plateau (P less than 0.01) after 2 hr in both treated and control groups. In contrast, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels increased continuously throughout the entire study period. These data indicate that ketamine anesthesia does not alter endocrine responses to venipuncture when administered following cage restraint of conscious animals. These findings further confirm the difficulties in obtaining estimates of basal levels of hormones which are responsive to stress and suggest that the first sample may provide the best estimate.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

Discriminant function analysis of LD/BD children scores on the WISC-R.

Investigated the performance of learning-disabled (LD) and behavior-disorder (BD) children and youth on the WISC-R. A stepwise discriminant function analysis and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the performance of 135 children and youth (83 males, 52 females) on the WISC-R. The sample consisted of 68 LD and 67 BD Ss, whose ages ranged from 81-1 month to 168-6 months with a mean age of 123-1 months. Results suggest that discriminant function analysis can be useful as one criterion in differentiating LD children from BD children. Implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test and Bender-Gestalt: relationship with achievement criteria.

Administered the Bender-Gestalt (BG) and Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test (MPD) to 69 first-grade children prior to administration of the California Achievement Test (CAT). Order of administration for the BG and MPD was counterbalanced to control for practice effects. Correlations (rs) were computed between the 9 CAT subtests and scores from the BG and MPD. The DD score from the MPD correlated significantly with all 9 CAT subtests. The SpCD score from the MPD correlated significantly with 6 of the 9 CAT subtests. The BG Koppitz score correlated significantly with 6 of the 9 CAT subtests. Both the DD and SpCD scores showed a significantly higher negative r with Reading Vocabulary, Total Reading, and Arithmetic Computation than the BG. Furthermore, both types of MPD scores showed a much higher average r with the 9 CAT subtests than was evident for the BG. These findings suggest that DD and SpCD scores from the MPD provide a more sensitive measure of deficits in visual-motor perception than the Koppitz score from the BG.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Effects of naloxone and an enkephalin analog on serum prolactin, cortisol, and gonadotropins in the chimpanzee.

To assess a possible regulatory influence of opioids upon anterior pituitary function in the chimpanzee, we evaluated the effects of the specific opiate receptor antagonist naloxone and the agonistic enkephalin analog [D-Ala2, MePhe4,Met(o)-ol]enkephalin (FK 33-824; Sandoz) on serum levels of PRL, cortisol, FSH, and LH. Under ketamine anesthesia, the following were administered by iv injection during the early follicular phase of successive menstrual cycles in nine female chimpanzees: naloxone (10 mg; n = 7) or saline vehicle (n = 7) randomly assigned in the first two cycles, FK 33-824 0.25 mg (n = 3) in the third cycle, FK 33-824 0.50 mg (n = 4) in the fourth cycle, and FK 33-824 (0.50 mg) immediately preceded by naloxone (10 mg; n = 4) in the last cycle. Five pretreatment and 12 posttreatment serum samples were obtained at 10- to 15-min intervals for subsequent RIA. Naloxone caused a significant reduction in PRL levels from a pretreatment mean of 29.3 ng/ml to a mean of 11.1 ng/ml at 180 min. Values from 60-180 min were significantly below the saline control group at comparable times. A dose-related increment in PRL levels was seen after FK 33-824 administration, with mean peak values at 30 min of 61.0 and 92.3 ng/ml after the low and high doses, respectively. Naloxone pretreatment markedly attenuated the response to high dose FK 33-824. Cortisol levels rose in all groups throughout the study period, a presumed effect of the ketamine anesthesia. Compared to the saline group, no effects of FK 33-824 were observed. Naloxone, given alone or with FK 33-824, had a small, but significant, stimulatory effect on cortisol from 60-120 min posttreatment compared to the control group. Naloxone caused a significant increment in LH levels from a pretreatment mean of 11.7 micrograms/dl to a peak of 19.1 micrograms/dl at 30 min and in FSH level from 33.2 micrograms/dl before therapy to 40.0 micrograms/dl at 45 min. There was no influence of FK 33-824 on gonadotropin levels, although the high dose did blunt the response to naloxone. Taken together, these effects suggest that opiate agonists and endogenous opioid pathways may modulate anterior pituitary function in the chimpanzee, as in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Performance of brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged institutionalized children on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test.

Examined the performance of 64 children on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic test (MPD) who were diagnosed as either Brain-Damaged (BD) or emotionally impaired Non-Brain-Damaged (NBD). There were 31 children in the NBD group and 33 in the BD group. The MPD T-score and Actuarial Table significantly differentiated between the two groups. Seventy-four percent of the combined BD-NBD groups were identified correctly. Additional discriminant analysis on this sample yielded combined BD-NBD groups classification rates that ranged from 77% with the MPD variables Separation of Circle-Diamond (SPCD), Distortion of Circle-Diamond (DCD) and Distortion of Dots (DD) to 83% with the WISC-R three IQ scores plus the MPD T-score, SPCD and DD. The MPD T-score and Actuarial Table (MPD Two-Step Diagnosis) appeared to generalize to other populations more readily than discriminant analysis formulae, which tend to be sensitive to the samples from which they are derived.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Performance of delinquent and nondelinquent high schools boys on the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank.

This study compared 30 delinquent adolescent boys who had been placed in a residential treatment center with 30 randomly selected high school boys on the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (Rotter). For each group a maladjustment score was computed. The results indicated a significant difference between the two groups' mean maladjustment scores on the Rotter. A cut-off score was established that made it possible to correctly identify 73% of the normals and 60% of the residential treatment group. An item analysis was carried out between the two groups to see whether certain sentence stems discriminated between the two groups. Fourteen sentence stems were found to discriminate significantly between the groups. From these sentence stems a short form of the Rotter was established with a revised maladjustment score that correctly identified 82% of the boys in each group. A cross-validation of the short form with 48 high school boys and 67 delinquents supported its use as 75% of the high school boys and 80% of the delinquents were correctly identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Further studies on adrenarche in nonhuman primates.

Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA sulfate, and cortisol were measured in 52 chimpanzees (aged 0.5--10 yr), 76 Macaca mulatta (aged 0.25--5 yr), and 80 Macaca nemestrina (aged 0.5--9 yr). Sexual maturation was assessed by age and by the presence of menarche or the appearance of perineal turgescence in the females and by measurement of serum testosterone in the males. In an additional group of 10 young adult female M. mulatta, four repeated determinations of these same steroids at 30-min intervals demonstrated that the stress of capture and venipuncture caused a significant rise in serum levels of not only cortisol but also of DHA and DHA sulfate. The chimpanzees demonstrated an age-related rise in serum concentrations of DHA and DHA sulfate relative to cortisol which began before the onset of puberty and thus closely resembled human adrenarche. In M. mulatta, serum DHA levels showed no change with age, while DHA sulfate values decreased progressively both before and during puberty. The pattern in M. nemestrina was similar, with stable DHA and declining DHA sulfate levels before and during puberty. However, in the oldest group (aged 6--9 yr) of mature M. nemestrina, there was a significant postpubertal rise of both DHA and DHA sulfate with no change in serum cortisol. These data suggest that monkeys, just as higher primates, may show increasing adrenal secretion of C19 steroids at around 6--9 yr. This adrenarchal process appears to be completely independent of sexual maturation and probably merely reflects the influence of progressive adrenal growth and the resulting impact of changing intraadrenal steroid concentrations upon steroidogenesis in the zona reticularis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1980

Personality characteristics of three sub-groups of children with reading disabilities.

It has been demonstrated that three subgroups of poor readers have a number of unique behavioral characteristics on intelligence, psycholinguistics, and achievement. The present research explored whether further unique behavioral patterns could be delineated between the groups when considering the dimension of personality. The subjects were 64 children between the ages of 7 and 14 yr. who had been referred to a public school summer reading remediation clinic. Four tests were administered: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty, Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test, and the Rorschach. The subjects were grouped on the Minnesota test cut-off scores into one of three groups and then compared on the dimension of personality. There were significant differences on certain personality variables allowing different group profiles to be established. These personality profiles were discussed.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1979

Visual-motor test performance: race and achievement variables.

Tested rural Michigan black (N = 60) and white (N = 60) children of variant academic achievement on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test for visual-motor skill development. The test, which consists of six gestalt designs for the person to copy, includes four measures of such skill development: Degree of copied design rotation and errors of separation of circle-diamond, distortion of circle-diamond and distortion of dots. In general, analyses that statistically controlled for intellectual level indicated that race was not a significant variable in the relationship of achievement level and visual-motor test performance. That is, such analyses resulted only in a significant achievement effect; low achievers, in comparison with high achievers, performed poorly on the copying test. Only with distortion of circle-diamond errors was a race interactive effect noted; i.e., black low achievers had significantly more errors than black high achievers, white low achievers or white high achievers. Results were discussed in relation to environmental determinants and symptomatology correlates.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of culturally deprived school achievers and underachievers on memory function and perception.

To compare the memory function and perception of culturally deprived achievers with underachievers, 36 culturally deprived children were assigned to one of two groups according to their achievement level, in relation to their age and IQ. Underachievers were children achieving 6 mo. or more below expected level. Achievers were children achieving within at least 5 mo. of expected level. All subjects were between the ages of 8 and 12 yr. and were in Grades 4, 5, or 6. Four tests were administered, the Block Design and Digit Span subtests of the WISC, Memory-for-Designs, and the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test. The two groups did not differ on the first three tests, but the achievers performed significantly better on the last test than the underachievers. It was speculated that the differences were related to level of motor execution.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Endocrine effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons in rhesus monkeys.

After the rhesus monkey was demonstrated to be a suitable model for man in both metabolic and endocrinological studies, effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on the pattern of sexual hormones in cycling female rhesus monkeys were investigated. After confirmed ovulation, four adult female rhesus monkeys were treated during the following cycle with 4 mg/kg/day of HCB, and four other monkeys were treated with the same dose of Clophen A 30. Ovulation was blocked in three PCB-treated and one HCB-treated monkeys. Whereas the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone did not seem to be changed directly by the treatment, low estrogen levels were found during the anovulatory cycles. Studies with PCB- and HCB-treated superovulated rats indicated interaction of the chemicals with ovarian steroidogenesis. Altered hepatic steroid metabolism may also cause low estrogen levels in treated animals.

Animals↗