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Biomedical subjects

G Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to G Anderson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Evaluation of two methods for estimating theophylline clearance prior to achieving steady state.

The Koup et al. and Chiou et al. clearance estimation methods were evaluated n 19 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/asthmatic patients who were receiving aminophylline by continuous infusion. Estimated theophylline clearance (Clest) was determined using two serum concentrations obtained during the first few hours of therapy (1-16 hr) prior to achievement of steady state. Actual theophylline clearance (Clact) was determined after steady state conditions had been achieved (defined as 4-5 half-lives at the same infusion rate). The correlation between Clact and Clest was highly significant for both the Koup et al. and Chiou et al. methods, r = 0.865, p less than 0.001, and r = 0.858, p less than 0.001, respectively. The clearance estimation methods were compared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dosage guidelines and shown to be clearly superior in predicting therapeutic steady state theophylline concentrations.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1981

Suspected malabsorption of aminophylline in pancreatis.

The case of a patient with pancreatitis in whom low theophylline concentrations were observed on oral aminophylline is presented. Therapeutic theophylline concentrations were obtained with intravenous aminophylline. However, serum levels following oral doses were only 20 to 40% of those observed with intravenous administration, suggesting malabsorption. The most reasonable explanation for this was the patient's pancreatic dysfunction, since adequate absorption of oral aminophylline had been demonstrated on a previous admission not associated with pancreatis, and other possible causes of malabsorption were ruled out.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy with chemotherapy using adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil in bronchogenic carcinoma.

Eighty-two patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive either radiotherapy alone (2400-3200 rads, depending upon cell type) or the same dose of radiotherapy followed by four cycles of adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil. Eighty-one patients were evaluated and for the group as a whole survival was better in the undifferentiated group assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy but survival in the patients with squamous tumours was not significantly prolonged. The chemotherapy was not unduly toxic.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1981

Oral VP-16-213 in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma and toxic effects when combined with methotrexate.

Forty-six patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer received treatment with the cytotoxic drug VP-16-213 in a dose of 100 mg twice daily, given orally for five days. The overall objective response rate was 11 out of 46 (24%) or 11 of the 33 (33%) who survived to receive two cycles. The drug was effective in all histological types. Only one patient developed leucopenia. This demonstration of the safety of VP-16-213 and its effectiveness suggested that this drug might be used in combination chemotherapy. A series of pilot studies showed unexplained marrow toxicity when VP-16-123 combined with vincristine was given with either methotrexate of adriamycin.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Regional hospital input price indexes.

This paper describes the development of regional hospital input price indexes that is consistent with the general methodology used for the National Hospital Input Price Index. The feasibility of developing regional indexes was investigated because individuals inquired whether different regions experienced different rates of increase in hospital input prices. The regional indexes incorporate variations in cost-share weights (the amount an expense category contributes to total spending) associated with hospital type and location, and variations in the rate of input price increases for various regions. We found that between 1972 and 1979 none of the regional price indexes increased at average annual rates significantly different from the national rate. For the more recent period 1977 through 1979, the increase in one Census Region was significantly below the national rate. Further analyses indicated that variations in cost-share weights for various types of hospitals produced no substantial variations in the regional price indexes relative to the national index. We consider these findings preliminary because of limitations in the availability of current, relevant, and reliable data, especially for local area wage rate increases.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of ampicillin and amoxycillin in acute on chronic bronchitis.

Twenty-five patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis completed a double-blind trial of amoxycillin 1.5 g v ampicillin 4 g daily. After treatment for one week there was no difference between the treatments in the rates of achieving mucoid sputum, reduction in sputum volume, improvement in peak expiratory flow rate, or duration of hospital stay. In the doses studied ampicillin and amoxycillin are effective drugs of about equal cost.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

National hospital input price index.

The national community hospital input price index presented here isolates the effects of prices of goods and services required to produce hospital care and measures the average percent change in prices for a fixed market basket of hospital inputs. Using the methodology described in this article, weights for various expenditure categories were estimated and proxy price variables associated with each were selected. The index is calculated for the historical period 1970 through 1978 and forecast for 1979 through 1981. During the historical period, the input price index increased an average of 8.0 percent a year, compared with an average rate of increase of 6.6 percent for overall consumer prices. For the period 1979 through 1981, the average annual increase is forecast at between 8.5 and 9.0 per cent. Using the index to deflate growth in expenses, the level of real growth in expenditures per inpatient day (net service intensity growth) averaged 4.5 percent per year with considerable annual variation related to government and hospital industry policies.

Accounts Payable and Receivable↗
PubMed1979

Fenoterol in asthma.

Fenoterol is a beta 2-sympathomimetic bronchodilator. In a double-blind cross-over trial in 17 asthmatic patients with reversible airway obstruction inhalation of both fenoterol (0.4 mg) and terbutaline (0.5 mg) produced a statistically significant greater increase in peak expiratory flow rate than did placebo. The magnitude and duration of response to fenoterol exceeded that to terbutaline in the doses used. The patients' subjective assessment also suggested the relief of their symptoms with the active drugs. Side effects were minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects of saralasin infusion in hypertension. Predictability of plasma renin status from hemodynamic changes.

Hemodynamic measurements were obtained before and after 30 minutes of saralasin infusion in 26 fasting adults with hypertension (25 men and 1 woman). Nine showed a depressor response with a decrease in mean intaarterial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg. Ten were nonresponders and seven had an agonistic response with an increase in mean arterial pressure of greater than 10 mm Hg. Heart rate, pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance were nearly identical in the three groups and remained unchanged. Cardiac index decreased from a mean of 2.76 +/- 0.14 (standard error of the mean) to 2.48 +/- 0.1 liters/min per m2 in the nonresponders (P less than 0.02) but remained unchanged in the groups with a depressor or an agonistic response. The mean systemic vascular resistance decreased from 2,406 +/- 303 to 1,839 +/- 265 dynes sec/cm5 in the group with a depressor response (P less than 0.001) and increased in nonresponders (less than 0.02) and those with an agonistic response (P less than 0.01). However, regardless of the response of mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance decreased only in the 10 patients with a plasma renin activity greater than 5 ng/ml per hour (8 from the depressor response group and 1 each from the nonresponse and agonistic response groups). It is concluded that (1) classification based soley on the response of aterial pressure to saralasin ignores important hemodynamic changes; (2) the response of cardiac index--no change in the patients with a depressor response and a reduction in nonresponders--suggests that endogenous angiotension II supports cardiac output in these groups; (3) a decrease in systemic vascular resistance is better than a decrease in mean arteiral pressure as a predictor of the status of the plasma renin activity; and (4) lack of change in pulmonary vascular resistance suggests that endogenous angiotension II plays an insignificant role in maintaining the resistance of the pulmonary vasculature.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serotoninergic activation and inhibition: effects on carbohydrate tolerance and plasma insulin and glucagon.

Glucose and arginine infusion tests were performed on 12 healthy volunteers (8 males, 4 females) before and after serotoninergic activation [oral administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP-) for 6 days] and serotoninergic inhibition (oral treatment with D,L-p-chloropenylalanine for 6 days). 5-HTP treatment markedly increased urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion, increased the mild hyperglycemic effect of arginine infusion, and lowered the glucose disposal rate constant. The adverse effect of serotoninergic activation on glucose tolerance is not sufficiently explained by the observed changes in insulin and glucagon secretion during the fasting state and after intravenous glucose and arginine infusions. Serotoninergic inhibition did not affect the carbohydrate tolerance of normal individuals. The results of this work supports the idea that excessive indoleamine production is probably the main cause for carbohydrate intolerance in carcinoid tumors.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1977

The adverse effects of elemental diets on tolerance for 5-FU toxicity in the rat.

The effects of a group of elemental diets on the gastrointestinal toxicity of 5-FU in the Sprague-Dawley rat were evaluated. Diarrhea, stomatitis, hypoalbuminemia, and early deaths were more frequent in the animals on elemental diets than in those consuming standard rat chow. Sepsis and hypoalbuminemia were directly related to the extent of protein hydrolysis of the particular elemental diet.

Amino Acids, Essential↗