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Biomedical subjects

F Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to F Wagner.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of moxonidine after single and repeated daily doses in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of the centrally acting alpha-2 agonist moxonidine were investigated in 12 healthy male subjects after single and repeated oral doses (q12h for five days) of moxonidine 0.2 mg. Plasma concentration-time data followed the general characteristics of a one-compartment model with first-order absorption. Peak plasma concentrations of 1.29 +/- 0.32 ng/mL were achieved 0.74 +/- 0.35 hours after ingestion of a 0.2-mg tablet. The terminal half-life of elimination was 2.12 +/- 0.58 hours. The oral clearance (CL/F) amounted to 830 +/- 171 mL/min with renal elimination being the major route of elimination. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters could be observed following repeated dosing over five days.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Substance P enhances interferon-gamma production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide widely distributed in the organism, has been shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis. However, the effect of SP on specific lymphokines is unknown. Therefore we investigated the influence of SP on mitogen-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in supplemented RPMI 1640 medium with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM), 0.125 and 0.25 mg/liter each, and varying concentrations of SP (10(-12) to 10(-6) M). After 24 and 48 h, IFN-gamma was measured in the supernatant using radioimmunoassay. Results were expressed as percent change of controls. SP alone had no relevant IFN-gamma inducing properties. It enhanced the IFN-gamma production of PWM-stimulated cells significantly up to 18%. The maximal effect was observed at 10(-8) M. PHA-stimulated cells also increased their IFN-gamma production after addition of SP. However, due to great interindividual variations this effect did not attain statistical significance. Stimulation of IFN-gamma production by SP might be of physiological importance, since the effect was seen at concentrations comparable to those found in the body. Our data lend further support to the immunoregulatory functions of SP.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

Drug interaction between propafenone and metoprolol.

1 The steady-state plasma concentrations of metoprolol and propafenone were determined in patients being treated with one of these drugs alone and during combined treatment with both drugs. In addition, single dose studies with metoprolol, propafenone and the combination of both drugs were performed in healthy volunteers to determine the pharmacokinetics and the time course of beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity. 2 In four patients being treated with metoprolol first and subsequently with propafenone in addition steady-state levels of metoprolol increased two to five fold with simultaneous treatment with propafenone. 3 In four patients being treated with the drug combination first and thereafter with propafenone alone no changes in the steady-state levels of propafenone were observed between both treatment periods. 4 Adverse effects of the drug combination were observed in two patients (one patient experienced severe nightmares and the other left ventricular failure). 5 When single oral doses of metoprolol (50 mg) and propafenone (150 mg) and the combination of both were administered to healthy subjects, an approximately two-fold decrease of the oral clearance of metoprolol was seen when propafenone was given in addition. No conclusive changes in the pharmacokinetics of propafenone could be detected in the presence of metoprolol. 6 Duration of beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of a single dose of metoprolol in healthy volunteers as measured by reduction of exercise-induced tachycardia increased when propafenone was given in addition. 7 The dose of metoprolol should be reduced when propafenone is given in addition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of piretanide in healthy volunteers following intramuscular administration.

The pharmacokinetics of the diuretic compound 4-phenoxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid (piretanide, Arelix) were investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers following intravenous and intramuscular administration of single doses of 6 mg. Plasma concentration-time data followed in general characteristics of a three-compartment model. Following intravenous administration, the terminal half-life of elimination was 1.29 +/- 0.40 h, the total clearance 219 +/- 36 ml/min and the steady state volume of distribution was calculated to be 12.4 +/- 2.1 l. The renal excretion of unchanged drug amounted to 34.4 +/- 6.9% of the dose. Following intramuscular administration, peak plasma concentrations of 366 +/- 85 mg/ml were achieved 13.8 +/- 4.8 min after administration. All other parameters were not statistically significantly different from those obtained after i.v. bolus. The bioavailability of piretanide following intramuscular administration was 0.88 +/- 0.17.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.75% for pelviscopic intervention. Clinical results of a 6-month study].

In a retrospective study clinical experience with epidural Bupivacaine 0.75% for laparoscopy is presented; the main interest of the study is focused on the relaxation of the abdominal wall musculature as expressed by compliance: volume of CO2-insufflation/pressure. Data of 55 patients were collected (= Group A) divided into 3 subgroups according to dosage: subgroup I = 15.0 ml = 112.5 mg (n = 12), II = 17.5 ml = 131.25 mg (n = 16), III = 20.0 ml = 150.0 mg (n = 27). These 55 patients are compared with two other groups of patients: group B = epidural anaesthesia with etidocaine 1.5% (n = 14) and group C = general anaesthesia with pancuronium as muscle relaxant 0.08 mg/kg (n = 7). Within group A the 3 subgroups do not show much difference except for one significant difference (p less than 0.05): between subgroup I and III concerning the upper limits of analgesia (1.5 segments: T 7 vs T 5/6), in the lowest dose-group the patients having the lowest weight (p less than 0.05). There was interdependence only with respect to two items: spread of analgesia (upper limit) depending on total dose (p less than 0.01) and on age (p less than 0.05), as well as dose/segment depending on age (p less than 0.01); despite statistical significance the correlation was rather weak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Scintillation counting as an in vitro method for assessing the pretherapeutic effectiveness of planned tumor chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer].

In vitro testing methods to obtain information about the proliferation of the tumour, which we want to treat by chemotherapy, have been vindicated by the biological individuality of ovarian cancer cells. The determination of the incorporation rate of 3H-thymidine in cells of ovarian cancer by scintillation counting may be recommended as a prognostic factor in regard of success of chemotherapy in patients with this disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Water adulteration with citric acid: effects on drinking and responsivity to regulatory challenges.

Rats with permanent access to a water supply adulterated with citric acid (CA) displayed persistent reductions in fluid intake and fluid/food ratios; and at appropriate concentrations of CA, they also exhibited lowered body weights and drinking deficits after fluid deprivation and after hypertonic NaCl injections. Unlike rats in previous investigations that were forced to consume quinine adulterated water, CA drinkers exhibited less disruption in their ingestive behavior following regulatory challenges, diminished short-term but greater long-term abilities in responding to hypovolemia, and an ability to increase fluid intake after fluid deprivation plus hypertonic NaCl. These data reveal that substances which degrade the taste quality of water do not exert a unitary influence on fluid intake, and they further underscore the complexity of ecological factors involved in controlling drinking behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Production and Properties of Xylan-Degrading Enzymes from Cellulomonas uda.

Xylan degradation and production of beta-xylanase and beta-xylosidase activities were studied in cultures of Cellulomonas uda grown on purified xylan from birchwood. beta-Xylanase activity was found to be associated with the cells, although in various degrees. The formation of beta-xylanase activity was induced by xylotriose and repressed by xylose. beta-Xylosidase activity was cell bound. Both constitutive and inducible beta-xylosidase activities were suggested. beta-Xylanase and beta-xylosidase activities were inhibited competitively by xylose. beta-Xylanase activity had a pronounced optimum pH of 5.8, whereas the optimum pH of beta-xylosidase activity ranged from 5.4 to 6.1. The major products of xylan degradation by a crude preparation of beta-xylanase activity, in decreasing order of amount, were xylobiose, xylotriose, xylose, and small amounts of xylotetraose. This pattern suggests that beta-xylanase activity secreted by C. uda is of the endosplitting type. Supernatants of cultures grown on cellulose showed not only beta-glucanase but also beta-xylanase activity. The latter could be attributed to an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity which had a low beta-xylanase activity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

[Oral long-term tocolysis of threatened premature labor using clenbuterol (Contraspasmin, Spiropent). A placebo-controlled double-blind method].

In quest of a efficacious oral tocolysis drug for inhibition the preterm labour we used in a randomised study the betamimeticum Clenbuterol or placebo with 1 tablet 3 times daily (3 X 0.02 mg/d Clenbuterol) in a total number of 109 patients. In result we can't see any significant distinction in gestational age and birth weight at delivery time and in duration of therapy up to delivery between the two groups. For that reason we are of the opinion, that a fundamental influence of Clenbuterol on premature birth cannot be expected.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Morbidity and mortality in 1984-1985 of premature infants in breech presentation with a birth weight equal to or less than 1,500 g. A prospective study on the question of vaginal or abdominal delivery].

The effect of the obstetrician's choice for delivery route on the early morbidity and mortality of very low birth weight infants in breech presentation (less than or equal to 1500 g) was studied prospectively in 22 children. Criteria of the morbidity were beside antenatal cardiotocogram, the Apgar-score at 1, 5 and 60 min., the cord venous pH-value and the duration of assisted ventilation after immediate delivery. From the first to 28th day of life we continuously analyzed the lowest oxygen pressure, the highest carbon dioxide pressure, therapy with NaHCO3 and the duration of assisted ventilation. But there were no significant differences in morbidity data and mortality between the newborn infants after vaginal and abdominal delivery. However the brief duration of assisted ventilation and brief ventilation time with a FiO2 greater than 0.3, after abdominal delivery were striking despite of a negative starting point of these children. For that reason we are of opinion that a well-timed abdominal delivery of very low birth weight infants in breech presentation shows a favourable influence on the normalization of metabolic and respirations data in the postnatal period and by this on the early morbidity.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1986

[Autoradiographic determination of 3H-thymidine incorporation in ovarian tumor cells and the value of this in vitro study for tumor chemotherapy].

According to our experiences the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in ovarian cancer cells determined by autoradiography represents a method of additional tumour characterization. The in-vitro-tests allow roughly hints about the efficiency of an intended therapy in 49 patients suffering from ovarian cancer. High risk patients may be excluded from a chemotherapy, if the incorporation of thymidine is low. For this decision we also evaluate the results of oncobiogram and clinical parameters. The 3H-thymidine incorporation enables to elect an individual kind of therapy for any patient with regard to success and duration of treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Effects of neurotensin in feline pial arteries, guinea-pig ileum and portal vein of rat and guinea-pig.

The effect of neurotensin (NT) was investigated in several vascular and intestinal smooth muscle preparations. No effect of NT (6 X 10(-12)-6 X 10(-5) M) was detected in feline pial arteries in situ employing perivascular microapplication and TV-image splitting for the measurement of vascular diameter. In vitro, the effect of NT was derived from recordings of isometric contraction. NT (10(-10)-10(-5) M) did not influence basal tension, frequency and peak phasic contraction of the whole guinea-pig portal vein (GPV) or its longitudinal strip (GLSPV). Intact reactivity of these preparations was derived from the contraction induced by carbamoylcholine or norepinephrine. In contrast, NT (6 X 10(-10)-6 X 10(-6) M) increased basal tension, frequency, and peak phasic contraction of the longitudinal strip of rat portal vein (RLSPV). Furthermore, NT induced a dose-dependent contraction in the terminal ileum of the guinea-pig (GTI) which was preceded by a transient relaxation. Comparing the effects obtained in GPV and GTI or found in RLSPV and GLSPV it is evident that the variable effects of NT depend on the location of smooth muscle and on animal species, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Special forms of ectopic pregnancy].

The symptomatology of acute intraabdominal and extrauterine bleeding presents a multiform picture. In the field of gynecology and obstetrics several other diseases are also observed besides the forms of ectopic pregnancies. - Among 554 ectopic pregnancies treated at our Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics between 1962 and 1981 we found 11 rare cases of these pregnancies: 2 cervical, 2 bilateral tubar, 5 primary intrafollicular ovarian, 1 primary, and 1 secondary abdominal pregnancy. These forms have been discussed and compared with international literature with regard to frequency, etiology, diagnostics, differential diagnostics, clinical course, therapy, and lethality.

Cervix Uteri↗