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Biomedical subjects

F W Smith

Publications and source records attributed to F W Smith.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in the diagnosis of spinal osteomyelitis.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMR) was performed on two patients whose clinical radiograph and bone scanning suggested spinal osteomyelitis before and after successful antimicrobial therapy. The images obtained suggest that NMR may be more useful in the diagnosis of this condition than other conventional imaging techniques. Hitherto NMR has not been considered particularly useful for the diagnosis of bone disease. This may be true for cortical bone, from which no signal is obtained using the NMR technique, but for medullary bone it appears to be a potentially useful, non-invasive and safe method of diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

NMR imaging in human pregnancy: a preliminary study.

In an effort to demonstrate the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) in the management of pregnancy, 15 patients in the first trimester and one in the third trimester of pregnancy have been investigated in the Aberdeen University NMR imager. Simple measurements of biparietal diameter and crown-rump length were made from both the NMR images and the ultrasound images on the same day, with good correlation between the two. The NMR data was displayed as inversion recovery, calculated T1, proton density and S1-S2 images. The proton density and S1-S2 images were found to be the most useful for the demonstration of the fetus and for discriminating between placenta and uterus. The calculated T1 data provided accurate quantification of the proton-spin lattice relaxation times of the different tissues, indicating that this measurement may be of use in the study of fetal brain development and placental function. The inversion recovery images showed poor tissue discrimination and were found to be of limited value. The unique information available using NMR and the non-invasive nature of the technique indicated that it should provide a useful method for the investigation of both fetal development and placental function in addition to making basic measurements of fetal size.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1984

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the prostate.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is a safe, non-invasive technique of visualising the prostate gland. The Aberdeen NMR imager has a field strength of 0.08 T and can image in three planes. A correct diagnosis was made in 48 of 51 patients studied with prostatic disease. At this field strength benign and malignant prostatic tissue has the same T1 value. The presence of a metallic hip prosthesis does not interfere with the imaging.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of carbon fibre and nylon suture for repair of transected flexor tendons in the horse.

Carbon fibre-polylactic acid composites and monofilament non-absorbable suture material were compared for the repair of surgically transected superficial digital flexor tendons in 10 horses. All surgical wounds healed by first intention. The repaired tendons were enlarged, the carbon implanted tendons being larger than those sutured. The horses were killed at six, eight, 12,20 or 24 weeks. Greater fibrous thickening occurred in tendons repaired with carbon fibre, especially at 12 weeks postoperatively. Carbon fibre incited a greater histological response with macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and fibroblasts. The fibrous tissue in the repair sites appeared to mature and the collagen to align at a similar rate irrespective of the method of repair. Only that tissue within and immediately surrounding the carbon bundles was immature at six months. There was minimal tendency for carbon filaments to separate and those that did were often surrounded by epithelioid macrophages forming a granuloma. Massive eosinophil concentrations were present between each granuloma. With each sequential test period the sutured tendons became increasingly stronger than the carbon implanted tendons. This may have been because of the immature core of tissue associated with the carbon bundles. No carbon particles were detected in draining lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomographic imaging for popliteal cysts in rheumatoid arthritis.

The ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomographic imaging to show a change in proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 value) in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after treatment with intra-articular steroid has been assessed. Six patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and clinical evidence of a popliteal cyst were examined by both NMR tomography and arthrography. In all cases the presence of active rheumatoid arthritis was shown by an increase in the T1 values of the synovium of the joints. After arthrography a consistent but small rise in T1 value was noted which fell to below the initial reading after treatment by intra-articular injection of an anti-inflammatory agent. In all cases the presence of the popliteal cyst was clearly shown by both NMR tomography and arthrography. The findings indicate that NMR tomography provides a sensitive method for the demonstration of inflammatory joint disease, popliteal cysts, and possibly for monitoring response to therapy.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Cognitive evaluation following NMR imaging of the brain.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain will soon be a standard neuroradiological investigation. Previous work has indicated that this is a safe procedure. Tests which measure various aspects of cognition were performed on volunteer subjects before and after (medium and short term) NMR brain imaging and indicate that deterioration did not occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Contrast enhancement of magnetic resonance images by chromium EDTA: an experimental study.

Chromium EDTA was evaluated as an intravenous contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vitro and in vivo in rabbits and rats. The effect of Cr EDTA on T1 and T2 values in vitro was first quantitated by spectroscopy at 2.5 MHz, followed by animal trials in which the effects of intravenous injection of Cr EDTA on calculated T1 MR images (obtained by the spin- warp technique at 1.7 MHz) were determined. Following administration of chromium EDTA, differences in T1 values between normal and abnormal kidneys were noted, renal hydronephrosis and renal ischemia were readily identified by the pattern of change in T1, and changes were observed in the normal rabbit brain and in tumors implanted in rats. It is concluded that the use of stable paramagnetic metal ion chelates, such as Cr EDTA, as intravenous contrast agents in MR imaging is feasible and that such agents would make possible the observation of tissue vascularity, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and renal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The value of autologous indium (111In)-labelled platelets in the diagnosis of renal transplant rejection.

Serial pelvic imaging after injection of autologous platelets labelled with 111In was used to study 22 consecutive patients following cadaver renal transplantation. Increases in isotope uptake by the allografts were observed during episodes of acute rejection (12/22) but not during acute tubular necrosis (4/22). The technique was not influenced by oliguria or hemodialysis therapy. Extra-renal accumulations of labelled platelets were noted in perinephric hematomata and deep vein thromboses.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

Identification and amplification of the E. coli phr gene product.

We have constructed a series of multicopy plasmids that complement mutations in the phr gene of Escherichia coli. By subcloning into a tac plasmid vector we obtained a phr plasmid that upon induction overproduces two proteins of Mr's 49,000 and 20,000. Tn1000 insertions into the phr gene caused the disappearance of the 49,000 dalton protein, thus demonstrating this protein to be the phr gene product, DNA photolyase. The photolyase encoded by the phr gene makes up about 15% of total cellular proteins after induction of cells carrying a tac-phr plasmid. This protein binds specifically to UV (254 nm) irradiated DNA and upon exposure to near UV (300-500 nm) illumination repairs the UV damage and dissociates from DNA.

DNA Repair↗
PubMed1983

The value of NMR imaging in pediatric practice: a preliminary report.

Twenty-eight children between the ages of 9 weeks and 17 years have been examined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Twelve had images of the brain made, the remainder having either chest, abdomen or pelvis examined. NMR imaging does not utilize ionising radiation to produce an image. Instead, it relies on measuring the response of hydrogen protons to an applied radiofrequency pulse and is a safe non-invasive imaging technique. In all cases studied NMR gave a clear demonstration of the gross anatomy as well as physiological and pathological information. Since NMR does not employ ionising radiation to produce its images, it is believed that it should become the method of choice for the evaluation of the child with suspected intracranial pathology, chronic lung disease, and suspected intra-abdominal or pelvic mass lesions. The unique information about proton concentration and proton spin-lattice relaxation time should prove to be useful in developmental research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The role of bone scanning in neonatal rickets.

Preterm infants are at increased risk from rickets. Radionuclide bone scanning is a useful aid in suspected cases. It offers advantages over conventional radiology in terms of sensitivity, radiation dose and extent of examination. Unsuspected fractures of clinical or medicolegal significance may be detected. Two cases are described in which the technique confirmed the diagnosis and assisted management.

Bone and Bones↗