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Biomedical subjects

F Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to F Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An experimental model to assess factors associated with scleral buckle infection.

A reproducible rabbit model to assess factors associated with scleral buckle infection was developed. Buckle exoplant material incubated with staphylococcus was sutured to rabbit sclera, covered with conjunctiva, then removed after 24 hours. Colony counts from removed exoplant material were used to define experimentally the degree of infection. Experimental modifications of the model were used to determine how differences in perioperative treatment may affect infection. Soaking sponge exoplant in antibiotic or subconjunctival injection of antibiotic had a marked beneficial effect, while prophylactic topical antibiotic drops, or systemically administered antibiotics had a less marked effect. Silicone sponge exoplant material showed a greater tendency towards bacterial contamination than did solid silicone.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Prophylactic methicillin for shunt operations: effects on incidence of shunt malfunction and infection.

In a double-blind study, 74 children were randomly treated with prophylactic methicillin at the time of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. There were 7 infections in the placebo group and 2 in the methicillin-treated group. There was no statistically significant difference in infection or overall malfunction rate between the two groups. The risk of shunt malfunction in the 2nd to 6th month after surgery was significantly greater in the placebo group (7 of 26 patients) than in the methicillin-treated group (1 of 26 patients). Delayed shunt malfunction may be prevented by a short course of perioperative antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Splinting in rheumatoid arthritis: I. Factors affecting patient compliance.

Fifty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis were fitted with either unilateral or bilateral hand and wrist splints. Of 36 patients available for evaluation, 29 (greater than 80%) reported wearing their splints more frequently for activities requiring greater strength than dexterity. Patients also reported pain relief from wearing their splints, but did not report donning them for this purpose. We feel that a vigorous educational effort should be promoted to encourage patients to wear splints for diminution of inflammation and relief of pain as well as for support during heavier activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Splinting in rheumatoid arthritis: II. Evaluation of Lightcast fiberglass polymer splints.

Fifty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis were fitted with fiberglass polymer Lightcast II hand and wrist splints. When patients were questioned after having worn the splints for 9 to 12 months, the majority responded that the splints were durable, cosmetically acceptable, and for the most part comfortable. The splints were staff manufactured at 1 sitting in less than an hour each.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1980

A normal paediatric amylase range.

A normal paediatric range of plasma alpha-amylase activity was determined using the Phadebas blue starch method. The range for children over one year was 98--405 IU/l. Plasma amylase activity increased throughout infancy. Mature levels of activity were observed in some children by age 2 months and in most of them by 9 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Postischemic brain oxygenation with barbiturate therapy in rats.

We measured rat brain cortex PO2 (PtO2) with gold microelectrodes (tip diameter 5--10 micron) for up to 2 hours after 16 min of transient global brain ischemia with and without thiopental 90 mg/kg infused iv over 60 min beginning at 5 min postischemia. Seventeen rats were immobilized and mechanically ventilated on 1% halothane in oxygen with continuous monitoring of PtO2, ECG, end-expiratory CO2, rectal temperature, and arterial blood pressure. Global ischemia was induced by trimethaphan hypotension to an MAP of about 50 torr and a neck tourniquet inflated to 1500 torr. Postischemia, nine control rats (11 PtO2 measurements) were untreated and eight rats (8 PtO2 measurements) received thiopental 90 mg/kg. Preischemia, PtO2 values in both groups ranged from less than 5--70 torr with values of greatest frequency between 10 and 15 torr. Postischemia, PtO2 in control rats peaked at 45 +/- 8 (SEM) torr at 20 min. In thiopental treated rats, peak PtO2 was 24 +/- 6 torr at 10 min postischemia. Relative frequency histograms of PtO2 revealed that PtO2 in thiopental treated rats was lower (p less than 0.05) between 15 and 30 min postischemia. The magnitude of the decrease in PtO2 between 105 and 120 min postischemia appeared to correlate directly with the absolute preischemic value (i.e., the higher the preischemic PtO2, the greater the decrease in PtO2 postischemia). These results suggest that thiopental administered in large doses in early postischemia does not improve brain oxygenation secondary to a reduction in brain oxygen consumption. The relevance of the correlation between the magnitude of the fall in PtO2 postischemia and the magnitude of the preischemic value is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of total body temperature on toxicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU).

One hundred eighty-two rats were divided into groups to test the effect of three different total body temperature levels on the toxic effect of three different dose levels of 1,3-bis(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and to assess the effect of delayed total body temperature elevation on BCNU breakdown products. Results were tabulated on the basis of life survival figures. At depressed total body temperatures (28 degrees C), normally expected toxicity was avoided. Elevated body temperatures, on the other hand, enhanced the toxic effect of BCNU. Delayed total body temperature elevation (3 and 6 days after BCNU administration) created similar toxicity. This finding was not observed when total body temperature elevation was delayed 10 days. The results point toward an interesting interaction between BCNU and heat (immediate and delayed) on the basis of an elevated metabolic rate of tissue, a synergistic effect of two therapeutic modalities, interference with normal reparative processes by the combination, or an enhancement of retained serum protein-bound breakdown products of BCNU.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of anaesthesia for delivery on the weight of infants during the first 5 days of life.

Two hundred and forty-one neonates who had been delivered vaginally were selected randomly. The control group consisted of infants delivered without anaesthesia. In the study groups either extradural (mepivacaine, lignocaine or bupivacaine), spinal or general anaesthesia was administered. Each of the six groups was divided into breast- and bottle-fed subgroups. The results showed no significant difference in weight changes among the various groups. The bottle-fed subgroup showed less weight loss than the breast-fed subgroup (P less than 0.05). There was no interaction between method of feeding and type of anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗