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Biomedical subjects

F Schulze

Publications and source records attributed to F Schulze.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Studies on diarrhea of young calves. 1. Quantitative analysis of the gastrointestinal flora in clinically healthy calves and in calves with diarrhea].

Quantitative composition of gastro-intestinal-flora was determined in 23 clinically healthy calves and the course of germ spreading was followed up. In comparison with these healthy animals in 25 diarrhoea affected calves at the age of 4 to 17 days there could be observed signigicant differences only in few parts of the gastro-intestinal-tract concerning the quantitative composition of germ flora. Only in 3 animals enterotoxin producing E coli strains could be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The quantitative composition of the gastrointestinal flora in piglets during the first weeks of life. 1. The development of the gastrointestinal flora in naturally reared piglets].

Studies were conducted into the quantitative composition of the gastro-intestinal flora of 30 naturally raised piglets in four age groups. The gastro-intestinal tract was found to be "flooded" by Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, micrococci, streptococci, proteus, and lactobacteria over the first hours after birth. Development of the intestinal flora was complete at the age of four days. The groups of germs recordable from naturally and artificially raised piglets were, basically, the same. Piglets, consequently, have no specific "lactoflora".

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Study on diarrhea in young calves. 2. Pathomorphological studies in clinically healthy calves and in calves with diarrhea].

Pathological-anatomical and histological investigations were performed in 49 calves aged from 1 to 18 days, 26 of them being affected by diarrhoea, 23 being without clinical signs. In both the groups above all rhinitis, gastritis and typhlocolitis could be observed, thus the affection could be characterized as rhinogastrocolitis. Significant differences only existed between diarrhoea affected and clinical incospicuous calves concerning the macroscopic signs of the colon, periportal infiltrates of the liver and thymus in involution. The peak of inflammatory reaction is in general reached at the 7. to 10. day of life. In concordance with bacteriological findings the results refer to an affection not due to coli infection. Virus etiology may not be excluded and has to be examined in further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Electrophysiologic evidence of three different types of the 'slow fibers' of extraocular muscles (author's transl)].

The author reports on electrophysiologic investigations of extraocular muscles in rabbits in vivo by means of standardized glass microelectrodes. The results of investigation on muscle-fiber membrane resting potentials of 'slow fibers' as well as on postsynaptical potentials of 'slow fibers' are analyzed after having elucidated the problems as well as the methods employed and the experimental setup. By figures and synopses in tabular form the author illustrates the electrophysiologic parameters of three different types of muscle fibers of 'slow fibers' of extraocular muscles that can with certainty be differentiated electrophysiologically. In the discussion references are made to the importance of the submitted results of investigation for basic research and for clinical ophthalmo-electromyography. Finally, the trends of investigation of the electrophysiologic analysis of extraocular muscles are discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

[Animal experimental investigations of the electrophysiologic parameters of 'fast fibers' of extraocular muscles by means of glass microelectrodes (author's transl)].

The author reports on animal experimental investigations of the electrophysiologic parameters of 'fast fibers' of extraocular muscles in rabbits in vivo by means of standardized glass microelectrode. The submitted results of investigation enlarge our knowledge of the electrophysiologic parameters of 'fast fibers'. The statistically analyzed results on musclefiber action potential parameters, on musclefiber membrane resting potentials, strengthduration curves and the data on the electro-mechanical latency period of 'fast fibers' are illustrated by figures. The most important conclusions for basic research on 'fast fibers', for clinical ophthalmo-electromyography and for the duality concept of eyemovement control are given.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

[Animal experimental investigations for determining the duration of the "mechanical-effective period" of muscle action potentials and of the "electro-mechanical latency period" of "fast fibres" of external ocular muscles (author's transl)].

A report is given of an animal experimental study for determination of the duration of the "mechanical effective period" of the muscle fiber membrane action potential and the "electromechanical latency period" of "fast fibers" of the external ocular muscles in rabbits in vivo. The studies were carried out with an internationally standardized glass microelectrode technique. The statistical values are based on 250 tests employing the superposition technique. The mean "mechanical effective period" of the muscular fiber membrane action potential was determined with SE=0.52 ms, SD 0.08 ms. The confidence thresholds were 99% statistically reliable with 0.43 ms and 0.55 ms. According to these studies, the duration of the "mechanical effective period" of the "fast fibers" of the external ocular muscles was only one-third off the "mechanical effective period" of the skeletal muscles. The mean duration of the "electromechanical fast-fiber latency period" was calculated with SE=1.97 ms, SD=0.30 ms. The confidence threshold was 99% statistically reliable with 1.86 ms and 2.08 ms. The "electromechanical latency period" of the "fast fibers" of the external ocular muscles was therefore significantly less than the skeletal muscles, lying under the 50% limit of the "electromechanical latency period" of the analogous skeletal musculature. These studies permit determination of the most important electrophysiological parameters which define a threshold value of maximal speed in vision direction changes.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

[Quantitative composition of the gastrointestinal flora in the young pig].

Studies were conducted into the quantitative composition of the gastro-intestinal flora in clinically intact store pigs. The methods are described in greater detail, followed by presentation of results. In the discussion particular reference is made to literature. Conclusions are drawn regarding the topographic distribution of the various germ groups in the gastro-intestinal tract of the store pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Coagulation analytical studies in coli enterotoxemia in swine].

Store pigs with spontaneous outbreaks and experimental endotoxin shock were kept under observation in the context of coagulation analysis. Heparin was applied to some of the animals to disrupt the plasmatic coagulation system. The thrombocyte count in animals with endotoxin infusion declined by some 50 to 65 percent of the original level. No statistically secured difference was found to exist between heparinised animals, on the one hand, and non-heparinised, on the other. The aggregation and adhesion of thrombocytes in all shock animals was more pronounced than that in the controls. The fibrinogen levels were lowered in both the animals with spontaneous outbreaks and the experimental animals. Thrombocyte alteration was not found to have been dependent on activation of the plasmatic coagulation system. In endotoxin shock cases activation of plasmatic coagulation proteins was found to be preceded by rise in thrombocyte aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Artificial intranasal bacterial invasion in the newborn calf. 1. Quantitative assessment of nasal secretion for certain groups of bacteria].

A technique has been developed for quantitative assessment of nasal secretion for the presence of specified groups of bacteria, as a contribution to microbiological treatment of the problem of artificial intranasal bacterial invasion in newborn and nursed calf. Some 10(6) to 10(7) bacteria were recorded from each gram of nasal secretion in calves exposed to natural bacterial invasion. Micrococci and green diplococci were very rare, with only 10(3) to 10(4) or hardly up to 10(5) bacteria per gram of nasal secretion. Streptococci were irregularly found in smaller counts. Bacteria of the coli group went up steeply on the second or not later than the third day of age, and the rise continued to the ninth day. Coliform germs accounted for high or even the highest percentage in total invasion during that period of time.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Artificial intranasal bacterial invasion in the newborn calf. 2. Artificial bacterial invasion using gram-positive and gram-negative strains].

A micrococcal and a diplocaccal strain isolated from the nasal space of a clinically intact nursed calf were used for artificial bacterial invasion in the first phase of the experiment. Application of bacterial suspension prepared from those strains had no effect upon the rise of coli counts in the nasal secretion of nursed calves during their first days of age nor upon the morbidity or mortality of all 677 test animals in comparison to 665 controls. Therefore, an avirulent E.-coli strain was used in subsequent bacterial invasion experiments. The strain was retrievable up to the seventh day of age, the count having been about 10(5) bacteria per gram nasal secretion. Application of a bacterial suspension prepared from that E.-coli strain did not reduce morbidity and mortality among 820 test animals that were compared to 809 controls. Results are discussed in this paper with reference to literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[General adaptation syndrome (Selye) in cattle. 6. Influence of stress conditions on antibody levels after active and passive immunization as well as on the topographic distribution of various groups of pathogens in the gastrointestinal canal].

The action of experimental and natural stressors on the humoral immune response of calf was studied. Particular attention was given to the H-antigen of S.dublin and equine erythrocytes,the degradation rate of passively acquired humoral antibody, as well as the quantity and topographic distribution of certain groups of germs in the gastrointestinal tract. The following results were obtained:1. Antibody formation was impededby repeated or lasting stressor effect (ACTH injections). 2. The immunological reactions of the calves involved to antigen injection immediately after transport into the rearing unit were stronger than those to antigen application three days from transfer. Immunisation of animals transferred to rearing or fattening units, therefore, should be applied immediately after arrival in the new accomodation, but no interval of three or four days should be allowed. 3. Antibody formation was no longer impaired in calves immunised two weeks from transfer, as compared to those immunised immediately after arrival in the rearing unit. This seemed to suggest that by that time adaptation of the animals to their new environment had been almost complete. 4. Lasting stress (slow drip infusion of ACTH, cortisol, colibacteria or coli-endotoxin) led to no detectable by paper electrophoresis. 5. Calves that had been given three weekly dosesof 1 IU ACTH per kilogram of live weight through four weeks,did not differ,withthe authors'method,from the controls regarding the decomposition rate of passively acquired humoral antibody. 6. ACTH slow drip infusions of calves over several days caused higher concentrations of colibacteria throughout the intestinal tract, including those proximal sections of the small intestine in which little or no colibacteria should occur under physiological conditions in calves of that age.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

[Immuno-prevention of coli infections in swine using live vaccine. 1. Use in coli infections during the 1st days of life].

Live vaccine prepared from streptomycin-dependent mutants of E. coli was well tolerated in various doses and at various times of administration, for there were no adverse reactions. There was no evidence of reversion to a virulent form. Efficacy was closely related to frequency of application of the vaccine. Vaccination must be performed as early as possible to immunize against infection during the first few days of life. It was possible to confer protection against the diarrhoea that occurs at 3-4 weeks of age. The use of an oral vaccine under intensive husbandry systems was shown to be safe. When the piglets were kept in cages, the vaccine could be administered in the existing mixing tanks for water supply, without the need for special equipment. Oral immunization of pigs already infected or already ill did not aggravate the existing infection, whether the animals were housed individually or in pens. Because of the dilution effect of the mixing tank and water supply pipes, the dose of vaccine, given on ten successive days, should be calculated at 10(9) organisms of the E. coli mutant per animal. This should supply a number close to the desired bacterial count of 10(10) organisms per animal daily. Immunization significantly reduced the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases during the first three weeks of age in piglets.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Report on the experience in intracellular microelectrode studies of the external eye muscles with the stereotactic surgical device SESH-2].

The Soviet SESH-2 stereotactic surgical device for micro-electrode examinations offers technical advantages in the derivation of the intracellular muscle fibre membrane potential after resting and of the intracellular potential of the peripheric ocular muscles after irritation as well as in the study of the central irritation of the nuclei of the ocular muscles. The coupling of two hydraulic micromanipulators permits to perform in vivo various investigations of the ocular muscles by means of micro-electrodes. The numerous possibilities of variation and assembly according to the modular principle allows also simultaneous studies on ocular muscle mechanics.

Animals↗