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Biomedical subjects

F Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to F Schmid.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Ophthalmologic symptoms of Down's syndrome (author's transl)].

After a short description of the general symptoms of Down's syndrome, the ophthalmologic aspects of the disease are discussed. The study is based on the examination of 1047 mongolian children. The various eye-symptoms were present in different frequencies according to sex and type. The results were compared with those in the literature of the last 100 years and identical as well as highly significant divergent values were found.

Blindness↗
PubMed1977

[Alcohol embryo-fetpathies].

A short description of the clinical entity "alcohol embryo-fetopathy" is given. Following the first publication of 127 cases by Lemoine et al. (1968) numerous papers with together more than 400 cases have been published. Dysmorphic symptoms, intellectual and motoric retardation and facultative anomalies are listed. The diagnosis can be confirmed by the phenotypical signs and the alcohol history of the mother.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Temporomandibular joint involvement in chronic polyarthritis].

As a systemic mesenchymal disease, chronic polyarthritis may affect all joints of the human body. A review of the literature revealed that opinion varied considerably with regard to the involvement of the temporomandibular joint. We made detailed studies in a restricted number of cases using an already existing computerized form.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1976

Thermodynamic studies of binary and ternary complexes of pig heart lactate dehydrogenase.

The thermodynamics of the reaction catalyzed by pig heart muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC1.1.1,27) have been studied in 0,2 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7, over the temperature range of 10 to 35 degrees C by using oxamate and oxalate to simulate the corresponding reactions of the substrates pyruvate and lactate, respectively. The various complexes formed are characterized by Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies. The Gibbs free energies were determined by equilibrium dialysis investigations, fluorescence titrations, and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy, while the reaction enthalpies stem from direct calorimetric measurements, Formulas are given for both the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants and the variation with temperature of the enthalpies involved in the four reactions between LDH and NADH or NAD, LDH-NADH and oxamate, and LDH-NAD and oxalate. All reactions show a marked negative temperature coefficient, deltacp, of the binding enthalpies indicating partial refolding to be associated with binary and ternary complex formation. This interpretation appears very probable in view of recent x-ray crystallographic studies on lactate dehydrogenase from dogfish, which demonstrate a volume decrease to occur on binding of oxamate to the LDH-NADH complex. The validity of the thermodynamic parameters, as derived with substrate analogues, for the actual catalytic reaction, gains strong support from the agreement between the sum of the heats involved in the four intermediary reactions reported in this study and direct determinations of the overall enthalpy associated with the catalytic process published in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The influence of various aminoglycoside preparations on bilirubin/albumin binding.

The effect of antibiotics of aminoglycoside structure on the albumin binding of bilirubin has been tested in homozygous (jaundiced) Gunn rats aged 3-5 days. The following drugs were investigated: different preparations of gentamycin, kanamycin, tobramycin and sisomicin. The animals received 50-75% of the LD50 of heterozygous (non-jaundiced) Gunn rats. Mortality, weight gain and changes in the plasma bilirubin concentration were recorded. It was found that the displacement of bilirubin from albumin is caused by the different stabilizers used and not by the antibiotic itself. With the exception of lyophilized preparations of gentamycin for intrathecal application all vials contain different amounts of these preservatives. Special preparations used during the newborn period contain relatively more of these stabilizers. The toxicity of the additives has already a negative influence on the LD50 for heterozygous Gunn rats when the low dosed Refobacin and Sulmicin vials are given. For Refobacin (production 1973/74) the tolerance is reduced by nearly 50%. The toxicity caused by the stabilizer alone is even more marked when given to homozygous (jaundiced) Gunn rats. It becomes evident that benzylalcohol is the substance responsible for the displacement of bilirubin from albumin. The serum concentration of bilirubin decreases for 3-24 hrs depending on the doses given to the animal. This offers the opportunity to measure the competitive displacement of bilirubin easily and exactly. The free unbound, unconjugated bilirubin tends to diffuse into the lipid of the brain with resultant kernicterus. This was shown in histochemical preparations of the cerebellum of young homozygous Gunn rats. Using enzyme reactions for lactic acid dehydrogenase and NADH2-tetrazolium reductase the cytotoxic effect of bilirubin on PURKINJE cells could be demonstrated. The effect of the stabilizers used in the other antibiotic drugs tested can be neglected under clinical conditions. Finally the steepness and duration of the decrease of plasma bilirubin after injection of the dangerous stabilizers was studied in animals of different age (3-5 days; 3-4 weeks). Different results observed can be explained by the more rapid metabolism of benzoates in older animals. However, it remains an open question at what age Gunn rats reflect most precisely the human situation in premature and newborn babies.

Aminoglycosides↗