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Biomedical subjects

F Scaglione

Publications and source records attributed to F Scaglione.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ciprofloxacin penetration in pancreatic juice.

The penetration of ciprofloxacin in pancreatic juice was investigated in 5 patients with pancreatic fistula. The drug was administered as a single oral dose of 500 mg after which serial samples of pancreatic juice and serum were collected for ciprofloxacin assay. The following pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were estimated from the serum level versus time curves: clearance 11.51 +/- 2.85 (ml/min/kg); Vd area 3.08 +/- 1.20 ml/kg; terminal half-life 3.10 +/- 0.92 h; mean residence time 5.64 +/- 1.40 h. Ciprofloxacin serum levels declined rapidly after the third hour, whereas concentrations in pancreatic juice remained elevated (above 1 mg/1) for nearly 12 h. The pancreatic juice/serum ciprofloxacin concentration ratio increased gradually fom 0.63 +/- 0.45 after 0.5 h to 6.18 +/- 4.59 after 12 h (mean +/- SD). Our data indicate that while the drug elimination half-life from the serum is short, the time-course of ciprofloxacin levels in the pancreatic juice conforms to a much slower disappearance rate. In particular, the ciprofloxacin levels achieved in pancreatic juice are constantly greater than the MICs of the bacteria generally responsible for pancreatic infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison between sulbenicillin and piperacillin levels in serum and in bronchial secretions--a pharmacokinetic study.

In order to assess pharmacokinetic differences between sulbenicillin (S) and piperacillin (P), two penicillin derivatives, 24 in-patients, 12 males and 12 females mean age 59.4 years, suffering from recurrent bronchial infections were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to S (12 patients) and to P (12 patients) and were given 2 g i.m. every 12 h of the awarded antibiotic, for a 7-day period. At the first and 7th day blood samples (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after dosing) as well as sputum samples (1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h after dosing) and urine samples (3, 6, 9 and 12 h after dosing) were collected, and the levels of S or P were determined by bacillus subtilis test. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by a standard program. On day 1 and 7 the mean peak serum concentration occurred at the first hour for S (39.9 +/- 5.2; 40.9 +/- 5.1 mcg/ml, respectively) and for P (32.2 +/- 5.4; 33.1 +/- 5.4 mcg/ml, respectively). Serum AUC0-12 and AUC0-00 (mg/l.h) levels of S were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 or less) than those of P on day 1 and 7. Similarly MRT (8 h) and Cmax (mg/l) where higher but only on day 7. Sputum AUC0-12 (mg/l.h) level of S was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of P on day 1 and 7. In conclusion serum and sputum S appear to have a different pharmacokinetic profile in respect to P. However, when compared to the AUC, both drugs reach antibacterial levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of ceftriaxone in the tissues of the female genital system.

Twenty-nine patients, hospitalized in order to undergo gynaecological surgery involving organ removal, were treated with a single intramuscular administration of 1 g ceftriaxone before surgery. The tissue levels of the drug determined in the organs considered: uterus, ovary, fallopian tubes, vagina, proved to be comparable and to guarantee its satisfactory and uniform penetration into the tissues of the female genital system at a slowly decreasing rate. The high levels observed 12 h and 24 h after administration (2.24 +/- 0.74 mcg/g; 3.58 +/- 0.60 mcg/g; 0.70 +/- 0.45 mcg/g; 1.20 +/- 0.57 mcg/g in the ovaries and myometrium respectively) suggest a possible application of ceftriaxone in presurgical prophylaxis also in cases of female genital surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Some aspects of "deep lung" cellular immunity in chronic bronchitis before and after therapy with tiopronin.

Fifteen patients suffering from obstructive chronic bronchopneumonia in a clinical steady-state phase received 0.6 g of tiopronin once a day during 10 days per os. The lymphocyte subsets (OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8) have been identified in peripheral blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage liquid (BAL) before and after treatment and phagocytosis has been evaluated in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) (phagocytosis index, phagocytosis percentage, superoxide-ion production). A highly significant improvement in the phagocytosis process has been observed in the PAM, as well as an increase in the number of lymphocytes T3 and in the T4/T8 ratio (due to an increase in T4 lymphocytes) in the BAL; while in peripheral blood T3 and T4 lymphocytes and the T4/T8 ratio only showed a nonsignificant increase after treatment. The possible mechanisms on which these variations are based have been investigated.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Study on pulmonary, prostatic and renal (medulla and cortex) distribution of sagamicin at different time intervals.

In order to assess the therapeutic activity of an antibiotic, not only its serum kinetics but also its kinetics in the peripheral tissues must be determined, thus evaluating the specific power of penetration of the drug. Sagamicin is an aminoglycosidic basic antibiotic closely related to gentamicin and its penetration rate into lungs, kidney and prostate, together with its serum concentrations time-course, were investigated. The findings obtained showed that this antibiotic attained a good distribution in the peripheral tissues, where it easily reached therapeutic levels.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1987

Ciprofloxacin: multiple-dose pharmacokinetic and clinical results in patients with hypercrinic bronchopulmonary diseases.

Ciprofloxacin, a 4-quinolone derivative with a wider spectrum of activity as compared to classic quinolones employed in the therapy of urinary tract infections, was studied in view of its possible application in the therapy of bronchopulmonary infections. An oral dose of 500 mg every 12 h was administered and both the clinical response and the pharmacokinetic profile were investigated. A complete recovery was reached in 87.5% of patients and an improvement in 12.5%; no failure was recorded. A very good penetration in sputum was confirmed by the sputum/serum area under curve ratio, providing evidence for a high bioavailability in bronchial secretion. Lung tissue concentrations confirmed the good peripheral distribution of ciprofloxacin. A twelve-hour administration schedule allows high peripheral concentrations to be obtained superior or equal to the minimum inhibitory concentrations for many pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Human pharmacokinetics and distribution in various tissues of ceftriaxone.

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone were investigated in 7 patients with bronchopneumonia using an intramuscular regimen of 1 g given every 24 h for 7 days. Serum, sputum, and urine samples were collected serially following the first dose (day 1) and last dose (day 7). Mean peak serum concentrations of ceftriaxone occurred at 2 h on both days and were 67.8 and 75.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, on day 1 and day 7. Ceftriaxone had a half-life of 6.9 h on day 1 and 7.4 h on day 7. The half-life of ceftriaxone in sputum was 5.9 and 6.6 h, respectively, on days 1 and 7. Approximately 50% of the dose of ceftriaxone was recovered in the urine within 24 h on day 1, 60% on day 7. Tissue distribution of ceftriaxone was determined in 103 patients following intramuscular administration of a single 1-gram dose at different times up to 24 h prior to surgery. High concentrations of ceftriaxone were found in lung, tonsil, middle ear mucosa, and nasal mucosa, and therapeutic levels of ceftriaxone persisted for 24 h after administration.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1986

Ceftriaxone therapy in otolaryngological and pulmonary infections.

The efficacy of ceftriaxone, 1 g given intramuscularly once daily, was evaluated in 38 patients with pneumonia (n = 11), pulmonary empyema (n = 2), bronchitis (n = 4), tonsillitis (n = 9), sinusitis (n = 7), and otitis (n = 5). Causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11), viridans type streptococcus (n = 1), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 6), group A streptococcus (n = 10), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), and Proteus vulgaris (n = 1). Sterilization of infected foci was obtained in 89.4% of those treated, with clinical recovery in 86.8%. The ceftriaxone regimen was well tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the immunostimulating activity of erythromycin in man.

The effects of erythromycin on the immune system have been studied in healthy volunteers and patients suffering from chronic bronchopneumonial diseases, by means of the following assays: phagocytosis, natural killer activity and superoxide anion production. The tests were performed before and after oral administration of 1 g of erythromycin. The findings suggest that erythromycin enhances phagocytosis by means of increasing ingestion of microorganisms, superoxide anion (O2-) production as well as natural killer activity. Under the experimental conditions described these effects appear 4-6 h after drug intake and reach their maximum around the 8th hour.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Differentiated distribution of norfloxacin in the medullary-cortical part of the kidney in man.

Norfloxacin administered orally in a single dose of 400 mg, rapidly reaches high levels in the renal tissues, and provides an effective therapeutic action against sensitive pathogen germs. Twelve hours after administration, the drug is still detectable in the renal tissue; particularly, it was evidenced a positive tropism in the medullary part of renal parenchyma, where they were found norfloxacin levels far higher than those of cortical parts.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Use of aztreonam in patients suffering from urinary tract infections with contraindications for the use of aminoglycosides.

The clinical efficacy and safety of aztreonam were studied in 30 patients suffering from urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Aztreonam was given in a dose of 1 g i.m. at intervals of 12 or 24 hours. Duration of therapy was 2-8 days. Bacteria isolated in urine cultures were: Escherichia coli (60%); Proteus mirabilis (10%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter sp. (7%); Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas species (3%). At completion of therapy and at follow-up all patients were bacteriologically and clinically cured. No significant side effects or toxicity were observed in all patients treated. It is concluded from these data that aztreonam is highly effective and well tolerated in patients affected either by upper or lower urinary tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetic studies on ceftezole.

The adult volunteers were given 1 g of ceftezole as a single intramuscular dose to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of this new cephalosporin. The peak average serum concentration, reached 2 h after injection, was 22.5 micrograms/ml, and the t1/2 beta was 1.5 h; urinary recovery was over 80% within 24 h, the majority of injected ceftezole being excreted within 3 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Penetration of erythromycin into tonsillar tissue.

A study was carried out to investigate serum levels and tonsillar tissue penetration of erythromycin in 80 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis who had to undergo tonsillectomy. Oral erythromycin ethyl succinate (1 g twice daily) was given for the 2 days preceding surgery, the last dose scheduled for 2, 3, 4 or 6 hours before the start of the operation and the withdrawal of blood and tissue samples. The results showed that erythromycin penetrated quickly into tonsillar tissue and the levels were higher in tissue than in serum at all time points. Mean levels of erythromycin were consistently greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most common Gram-positive oro-pharyngeal pathogens and H. influenzae.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Relative bioavailability in humans for oral tablets and solutions of lormetazepam.

A study was carried out to estimate the relative bioavailability of 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1, 3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one (lormetazepam, Minias) in humans after administration of oral tablets and solutions. Plasma concentration of the drug was measured by gaschromatography with electron capture detector. Six healthy males were each given both formulations. With the oral solution higher plasma peak concentration and a shorter peak time were observed than with tablets. Also the elimination half-life was shorter with the oral solution, while no difference was found with the AUC.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Flumethasone pivalate (Locorten) in the treatment of oral diseases.

The combination flumethasone pivalate + iodochlorohydroxychinoline drops was used in 40 patients, 24 males and 16 females, mean age 42.6 years, suffering from infectious enanthema (35%), periodontitis (30%), aphthous stomatitis (25%) and abscess due to prosthesis (10%). After application of 2-3 drops of the combination t.i.d. for 2-7 days, satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients. Tolerance was good; mild unwanted effects occurred in 2 patients (5.0%). Thus the combination flumethasone pivalate + iodochlorohydroxychinoline appears to be very effective in the treatment of oral diseases because its action is more rapid and stronger than that of other currently used drugs.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Comparison between penetration of amoxicillin combined with carbocysteine and amoxicillin alone in pathological bronchial secretions and pulmonary tissue.

Patients with chronic bronchitis were treated orally with either amoxicillin (500 mg) alone or in combination with carbocysteine (150 mg), thrice daily for five days, in order to assess whether the combination allows higher antibiotic levels to be obtained in bronchial mucus than those obtained from amoxicillin alone. Serum and mucus levels were determined for each patient at first and fifth day of the two drug regimens. The levels of amoxicillin in the lung tissue collected in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery were also determined after a single oral dose of amoxicillin (1 g) or of amoxicillin (1 g) plus carbocysteine (300 mg). In the bronchial secretions, at the same plasma concentrations, amoxicillin levels were statistically higher after administration of combined substances. These findings indicate the presence of a pharmacokinetic synergism between these compounds, which allows amoxicillin to penetrate more easily through the hemato-bronchial barrier. The association of amoxicillin and carbocysteine, determining an increase of the quantitative levels of antibiotic in the bronchial secretion (also if it is purulent), performs a sterilizing action in a short time with significant therapeutic advantages.

Aged↗