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Biomedical subjects

F Salomon

Publications and source records attributed to F Salomon.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Local anesthetics in the aqueous humor in local anesthesia of the eye].

Local anesthetics injected retrobulbarly are detectable in the aqueous humor. From 40 patients who received a total dose of 140 mg lidocaine, 15 mg bupivacaine, and 30 mg etidocaine, samples of aqueous humor were taken between 30 and 90 minutes after administration (average 57 minutes). The mean lidocaine concentration was 1.02 micrograms/ml, that of bupivacaine 0.075 micrograms/ml. Etidocaine, used only for facial nerve block in front of the ear, could not be detected in the aqueous humor. All three substances were found in the central venous blood. It therefore appears unlikely that any of them are transported via the blood-aqueous barrier, whether actively or passively. Local anesthetics can inhibit corneal cell proliferation and result in lens opacification when administered into the conjunctival sac. It may be that local anesthetics detected in the aqueous humor have similar effects resulting from contact with the cornea and lens.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Psychological well-being before and after growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency.

The effect of recombinant-DNA human growth hormone treatment on psychological well-being and quality of life was studied in adults with GH deficiency (GHD). 24 adults who satisfied strict criteria for GHD took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial. Quality of life assessments were performed at entry, 1 and 6 months by means of self-rating questionnaires. This study reports significantly lower scores on quality of life assessment in the GH-deficient patients at entry compared with matched controls, indicating that this population may be psychologically compromised. Preliminary analysis of treatment results shows that after 6 months, those patients receiving active treatment experienced less perceived illness than the placebo group. Significant psychological improvements were noted in the patients' perception of their energy level and mood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Skeletal muscle performance in adults with growth hormone deficiency.

Skeletal muscle mass and function were assessed in 24 adults (16 males, 8 females) with severe, long-standing GH deficiency. Compared to 41 untrained controls (26 males, 15 females), adults with GH deficiency had reduced cross-sectional area of thigh muscle/body weight (p = 0.01), reduced quadriceps force/weight (males: p = 0.002; females: p less than 0.0001), and reduced quadriceps force/muscle area (males: p = 0.005). This suggests (a) that adults with GH deficiency have reduced skeletal muscle mass due, in part, to the absence of the anabolic effects of GH, and (b) that skeletal muscle force may be reduced due to altered muscle mass, contractile elements/muscle fibre, anaerobic energy supply, neural recruitment of fibres, or a combination of these.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients at risk of sepsis in a surgical intensive care unit].

Infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care medicine. The increased susceptibility of the severely injured patient to sepsis and consecutive multiorgan failure has been attributed to abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity. The purpose of our study was to determine changes in the pattern of lymphocyte subpopulations in severely injured patients and to relate these changes to any development of sepsis and to outcome (indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies). During 14 months we investigated 28 patients (ages 15-65 years) suffering from severe multisystem trauma (22 cases) or diffuse peritonitis (6 cases), 6 of whom (21.4%) developed sepsis and multiorgan failure; 4 of these 6 septic patients died. According to the clinical data, patients developed sepsis between the 3rd and 6th days after trauma. We therefore defined days 1-3 as the preseptic phase, days 3-6 as the phase of sepsis development, and days 4-10 as the phase of septic disease. In the preseptic phase there was no statistically significant difference in the pattern of the eight lymphocyte subpopulations measured between patients who later developed sepsis and those who did not. During the phase of sepsis development, however, the patients who did develop sepsis showed significantly reduced numbers of CD2-, CD8-, and CD20-positive cells (P = 0.0003; P = 0.009; P = 0.012). The number of helper cells (CD4) was also decreased, but the difference between the two groups failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Antioxidant status after surgical stress].

Trauma and anaesthetics are responsible for local and general change in the organism. The characteristic changes in metabolism are caused by hormones. In addition, the increased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, proteolysis and lipolysis are characteristic of this catabolic metabolism. Three groups (injured patients, patients with pulmonary disease, multiple trauma patients) showed an elevated lipid peroxidation as indicated by increased formation of TBA-reactive substances in the post-trauma or after surgery phase. The production of free radicals is supported by several stress factors. In this connection, the state of metabolism of the patients, several anaesthetics and the artificial respiration is very important. Enzymatic protecting systems (SOD, GSH-Px, Catalase) react to oxidative stress by positive adaptation. The non-enzymatic antioxidative systems (tocopherol, ascorbic acid, selen) are diminished, indicating an increased requirement.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1989

The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we studied the effects of six months of growth hormone replacement in 24 adults with growth hormone deficiency. Most of the patients had acquired growth hormone deficiency during adulthood as a consequence of treatment for pituitary tumors, and all were receiving appropriate thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormone replacement. The daily dose of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was 0.07 U per kilogram of body weight, given subcutaneously at bedtime. The mean (+/- SE) plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I increased from 0.41 +/- 0.05 to 1.53 +/- 0.16 U per liter during rhGH treatment. Treatment with rhGH had no effect on body weight. The mean lean body mass, however, increased by 5.5 +/- 1.1 kg (P less than 0.0001), and the fat mass decreased by 5.7 +/- 0.9 kg (P less than 0.0001) in the group treated with growth hormone; neither changed significantly in the placebo group. The basal metabolic rate, measured at base line and after one and six months of rhGH administration, increased significantly; the respective values were 32.4 +/- 1.4, 37.2 +/- 2.2, and 34.4 +/- 1.6 kcal per kilogram of lean body mass per day (P less than 0.001 for both comparisons). Fasting plasma cholesterol levels were lower (P less than 0.05) in the rhGH-treated group than in the placebo group, whereas plasma triglyceride values were similar in the two groups throughout the study. We conclude that growth hormone has a role in the regulation of body composition in adults, probably through its anabolic and lipolytic actions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of continuous mechanical hemofiltration on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics exemplified by mezlocillin].

Pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin (70 mg/kg as an infusion) were investigated in 8 patients with multiorgan failure undergoing continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) due to acute renal failure (HF-group) in comparison to 8 intensive care patients with an uneffected renal system (control group). Mezlocillin concentration were studied in blood, ultrafiltrate and urine (control group). Elimination of mezlocillin was prolonged in the HF-group with a t1/2 of 170 min in comparison to 109 min in the control patients. No relevant absorption at the haemofilter membrane could be observed. With regard to our results a dose reduction and intermittend application of mezlocillin is suggested; in addition, monitoring of drug levels in critically ill patients becomes of increasing interest, especially during haemofiltration.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Physiological role of growth hormone in adult life.

Some historical background on the physiological effects of pituitary gland extract and later of purified hGH in experimental animals is given, and the regulatory role of hGH in the human adult is reviewed. The effects of hGH on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism are complex and closely linked to the action of other hormones, particularly insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Responsible decisions: a guideline for situations in intensive medical management].

The increasing number of possibilities for active intervention in intensive care medicine facilitates a more and more extensive influence on human life. The question of ethics inevitably arises, and should be considered before a concrete situation arises which leaves no time for reflection. Ethical outlines have to be oriented towards the desired goal; these goals are basically determined by our attitude toward human life. Moral and anthropological concepts should have their function in staff meetings of an intensive care unit, as they clarify the background of our daily decisions. We present a theologically oriented attitude toward human life, where man is regarded as an integral person, a fellow man, and a creature of God. Case reports show clearly the necessity for early development of ethical measures for conflict situations. The dimension of responsibility is a part of the decisions: responsibility must be taken for every act as well as for its consequences with regard to the individual, the social environment, and God. Ethical concepts require credible mediators who do not convert their justified pride in their achievements in intensive care medicine into arrogance.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1985

[Artificial respiration: yes or no? Ethical reflections on border-line questions in intensive care medicine].

Artificial ventilation is a symbol for intensive-care medicine. Within the framework of possibilities and limitations of intensive care, artificial ventilation is often discussed on a highly emotional plane. Three case reports serve to show that, to avoid inadequate treatment, it will be necessary to consider not only medical problems but also ethical, anthropological and psychological aspects when deciding about controlled respiration.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Acid-base findings in the cerebrospinal fluid of premedicated patients].

Analysis of acid-base-metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid is not easy, because pO2, pCO2 and pH change already within a short time after sampling. Acid-base-values in CSF have been measured in 50 healthy patients within 20 seconds after withdrawal. Our results (pH 7.298 +/- 0.007; pCO2 46.94 +/- 4.84 mmHg; HCO3 22.78 +/- 2.15 mVal/l; BE-2.4 +/- 2.39 mVal/l; pO2 50.27 +/- 14.06 mmHg) demonstrate, that CSF is more acidic than often claimed. This is important, whenever possible precipitations by intrathecal injection of local anaesthetics are discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

Genetic identification of functions of TR-DNA transcripts in octopine crown galls.

Seventeen in vivo and in vitro insertion mutations in the TR-region of the octopine Ti plasmid B6S3 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were constructed. They include mutations in each of the five TR transcripts. All mutants retained their oncogenic properties and induced tumors with wild-type morphology. Determination of opines in tumors induced by mutant Agrobacterium strains showed that production of mannopine and agropine are TR-linked traits. Two transcripts are necessary for the synthesis of mannopine and a third one for the conversion of mannopine into agropine. None of the mutations prevents the excretion of opines. In addition, none of the five transcripts is essential for transfer and integration of the TR-region.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia due to chlorpropamide-induced nesidioblastosis.

A 25 year old woman suffering from recurrent attacks of hypoglycaemia underwent a laparotomy for suspected insulinoma. No tumour was found, but histology showed islet cell hyperplasia and nesidioblastosis. Although these changes have been reported as a cause of hypoglycaemia in infants, they are only rarely the cause of hypoglycaemia in adults; in the present case they were found to be the result of covert sulphonylurea administration. The fact that sulphonylureas can cause nesidioblastosis is not well recognised by either physicians or pathologists and it should be considered before "cryptogenic nesidioblastosis" is deemed the cause of hypoglycaemia in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Plasma levels following lumbar epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine].

In ten patients undergoing total hip replacement, plasma levels of bupivacaine were studied, following lumbar epidural administration, with special reference to the early phase. In contrast to previous studies concerning the 0.5% solution, we found an early rise between 3 and 5 min, which was nearly identical with the peak level. The maximum concentration was 2.76 micrograms/ml and within the estimated safety margin. The necessity of preventing acidosis and hypoxia is pointed out when using bupivacaine 0.75%.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗