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Biomedical subjects

F Roman

Publications and source records attributed to F Roman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Value of a clinical test for the assessment of bladder and sphincter function in the management of urinary disorders in the aged].

The authors report about the merits of a clinical test for the evaluation of bladder and sphincter function in the analysis of urinary disorders in the aged. This simple and inexpensive bedside test has been carried out in 175 subjects whose mean age was 81.2 years, and the majority of whom (66.2%) presented with urinary incontinence; 80% of the patients came from longterm-care geriatric departments. The most frequent mechanism is bladder instability (41% of all patients). The cystomanometric data obtained in 80 subjects were analysed and retrospectively compared to the test data: they showed good correlation for the study of vesical stability. From the viewpoint of general health care, this test is a real diagnostic tool for the practitioners, in particular in geriatric departments without further specialised exploration commodities.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Effects of fedotozine on gastrointestinal motility in dogs: mechanism of action and related pharmacokinetics.

The effects of fedotozine, (+)-(1R)-1-phenyl-1-[(3,4,5-trimethoxy)benzyloxymethyl]-N,N-dim eth yl- n-propylamine, on motility of the antrum and small intestine were investigated in dog. In fasted dogs, following i.v. administration, fedotozine at 1 and 2 mg kg-1 stimulated and at 5 mg kg-1 inhibited antral motility. Between 1 to 5 mg kg-1, fedotozine exhibited a sustained and potent stimulatory effect on the small intestine inducing 1 to 4 phases III of the migrating motor complex (MMC) lasting up to 32 min in the duodenum and migrating to the jejunum. Following oral administration, fedotozine at 2.5 and 5 mg kg-1 constantly stimulated both antrum and small intestinal motility. In fed dogs, fedotozine i.v. (2 mg kg-1) increased antral motility and induced phase III of MMC in the place of postprandial pattern. Naloxone (0.3 mg kg-1 i.v.) and naloxone methylbromide (2 mg kg-1 i.v.) inhibited the stimulatory effects of fedotozine on gastrointestinal motility indicating a peripheral opiate site of action of the drug whereas phentolamine, hexamethonium, propranolol and methysergide were inactive. In-vitro fedotozine showed submicromolar affinity for opiate receptors with a weak specificity for the mu-receptors in guinea-pig brain and myenteric plexus preparations. Plasma concentrations in dogs receiving fedotozine administered orally at 2.5 mg kg-1 (and in all dogs except one at 5 mg kg-1) were below the detection limit (less than 20 ng g-1). In contrast, tissue concentrations in the muscle and mucosal layers of the gut were above 1 microgram g-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Mode of action of trimebutine: involvement if opioid receptors].

Several studies in dogs, cats, rabbits and humans have suggested that the motility-stimulating properties of trimebutine (TMB) are mediated by peripheral opiate receptors. The present work deals with the capacity of the drug and its N-desmethyl metabolite (NDTMB) to displace mu, delta and kappa specific ligands from their receptors using guinea-pig whole brain membranes and ileum myenteric plexus synaptosomes membranes. The activity of both compounds on the twitch response induced by transmural stimulation of the guinea-pig ileum and of the mouse and rabbit vas deferens was also investigated. These preparations have been claimed to be specific for the mu, delta and kappa receptor subtypes respectively. TMB (0.2 to 1.8 microM) and NDTMB (0.3 to 6 microM) displayed a good affinity for all receptor subtypes in brain and myenteric plexus preparations. The decreasing order of IC50 (50 per cent inhibitory concentration)'S of TMB ranged from 0.75 microM in the guinea-pig ileum to 7.1 and 39 microM in the vas deferens of the rabbit and the mouse respectively. These results indicate that TMB and NDTMB possess mu, delta as well as kappa agonistic properties without true specificity for one or the other of these subtypes. They also confirm that activation of peripheral mu, delta and kappa opiate receptors mediate the gastrointestinal motility effect of TMB.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Autoradiographic localization of sigma opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea pig.

The distribution of sigma and phencyclindine binding sites in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea pig was studied by autoradiography after in vitro incubation of tissue slices with (+)3H-SKF 10,047 and 3H-1-1-[(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl] piperidine to locate sigma and phencyclidine receptors, respectively. A dense distribution of sigma binding sites was observed in the mucosa and in the submucosal plexus, particularly at the level of the fundus and duodenum. Muscular layers were only marginally labeled. No phencyclidine binding site could be demonstrated in any area. This selective distribution suggests a functional role of sigma receptors mainly in the control of endocrine or exocrine secretions, or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Behavioral dissociation of anterodorsal and posteroventral hippocampus by subseizure stimulation in mice.

BALB/c mice were bilaterally implanted with bipolar electrodes either in anterodorsal (ADH) or posteroventral hippocampus (PVH) in order to compare the effects of postsession electrical stimulation on memory processes. For each experiment, 30 s after the end of the first session, the animals were stimulated during 80 s. For both hippocampal regions, the stimulation intensity was half of the afterdischarge threshold value. Control groups were naive, ADH and PVH implanted non-stimulated animals. Different appetitive and aversive tasks were used. Subseizure stimulation never created a deficit. Depending on the region of the hippocampus stimulated and on the learning task, a retention enhancement was eventually observed. These data are in agreement with the involvement of hippocampus in initial stages of memory consolidation. Further, the subseizure stimulation permitted a functional dissociation between the two hippocampal regions. Both regions seemed involved in the integration of information, but the anterodorsal part would be rather related to behavioral inhibition, while the posteroventral part would have the capacity to induce an arousal state allowing behavioral flexibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evidence for a non-opioid sigma binding site in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus.

The presence of a binding site to (+)-(3H)SKF 10,047 was demonstrated in a guinea-pig myenteric plexus (MYP) membrane preparation. Specific binding to this receptor was saturable, reversible, linear with protein concentration and consisted of two components, a high affinity site (KD = 46 +/- 5 nM; Bmax = 3.4 +/- 0.5 pmole/g wet weight) and a low affinity site (KD= = 342 +/- 72 nM; Bmax = 22 +/- 3 pmole/g wet weight). Morphine and naloxone 10(-4) M were unable to displace (+)-(3H)SKF 10,047 binding. Haloperidol, imipramine, ethylketocyclazocine and propranolol were among the most potent compounds to inhibit this specific binding. These results suggest the presence of a non-opioid haloperidol sensitive sigma receptor in the MYP of the guinea-pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous tension pyopneumopericardium--a case with recovery after surgery.

Tension pyopneumopericardium is a rare condition with a very high mortality. The majority of cases are due to perforation of oesophagus or bronchi into the pericardial cavity. We report a patient with spontaneous pyopneumopericardium who survived with antibiotic treatment and surgical drainage.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for synaptic potentiation in a cortical network during learning.

The connections between the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) and layer I of the piriform cortex were used to test the idea that certain forms of learning involve potentiation of cortical synapses. Rats were trained on a series of two-odor discriminations over a period of several days after which patterned electrical stimulation (short, high frequency bursts with 5-6 bursts per second) of the LOT was used as a discriminative cue. The animals reacted to the stimulation as though it were an odor and quickly learned to respond appropriately and to distinguish between 'positive' and 'negative' electrodes. Comparisons of the monosynaptic responses in the piriform cortex evoked by single pulse stimulation of the LOT before and after learning revealed that the population synaptic responses were substantially potentiated by the training. This effect was present in an unchanged form 24 h later. Responses elicited by control stimulating electrodes were slightly or not at all affected by training to stimulation with another electrode. Synaptic potentiation was not found in a small group of rats that did not learn to respond to patterned stimulation and was also absent when the stimulation was applied to naive rats. These results provide evidence that rapid learning of a specific cue potentiates cortical synapses in a defined terminal field.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Interactions of trimebutine with guinea-pig opioid receptors.

Affinities of trimebutine (TMB) and N-desmethyl trimebutine (NDTMB) for mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor subtypes have been examined using specific 3H-ligands and guinea-pig membrane. TMB and NDTMB showed a relative higher affinity for the mu receptor subtype although they were, respectively, 30- and 48-fold less active than morphine. The receptor selectivity index for mu, delta and kappa were 100:12:14.4 for TMB, 100:32:25 for NDTMB and 100:5:5 for morphine. The sodium shift ratio was 14 for TMB, 10 for NDTMB and 37 for morphine. These data show that (unlike morphine, a pure mu agonist) TMB and NDTMB can be classified as weak opioid agonists and confirm that peripheral opioid receptors mediate their gastrointestinal motility effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Involvement of opiate receptors in the mode of action of trimebutine].

Several studies in dogs, cats, rabbits and humans have suggested that the motility stimulating properties of trimebutine (TMB) are mediated by peripheral opiate receptors. The present work deals with the capacity of TMB and its N-desmethyl metabolite (NDTMB) to displace mu, delta and kappa specific ligands from their receptors using guinea-pig brain membranes and ileal myenteric plexus synaptosomal membrane preparations. The activity of both compounds on the twitch response induced by transmural stimulation on the guinea-pig ileum as well as the mouse and rabbit vas deferens was also investigated. These preparations have been proposed to be specific for the mu, delta and kappa receptor subtypes respectively. TMB (0.2 to 1.8 microM) and NDTMB (0.3 to 6 microM) displayed a good affinity for all receptor subtypes in brain and myenteric plexus preparations. Both compounds also inhibited the twitch response of all three isolated organ preparations. The decreasing order of IC50's of TMB ranged from 0.75 microM in the guinea-pig ileum to 7.1 and 39 microM in the vas deferens of the rabbit and the mouse respectively. These results indicate that TMB and NDTMB possess mu, delta as well as kappa agonist properties without true specificity for one or the other of these subtypes. They also confirm that activation of peripheral mu, delta and kappa opiate receptors mediate the gastrointestinal motility effect of TMB.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Pubic osteoarthropathy caused by symphyseal instability or chronic painful symphysiolysis: treatment by symphysiodesis. Apropos of a case and review of the literature].

The authors describe a case of pubic pain in a 42 year old woman engaged in leisure sporting activity. She had had, 17 years earlier, a difficult delivery. Standard X-Ray showed narrowing of the symphysis pubis. Radiographs when bearing weight on one leg showed instability of the symphysis pubis. Conservative treatment was unsuccessful and grafting and plating was performed. The result was most satisfactory. A review of the literature shows ten similar cases. The obstetrical consequences are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A new patient with dicarboxylic aciduria suggestive of medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as Reye's syndrome.

A new patient with medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria and suberyl glycinuria during an attack of acute illness is reported. When, inadvertently he was given medium-chain triglycerides for 2 days, the excretion of abnormal metabolites of medium-chain fatty acids increased and hepatomegaly became more pronounced. During remission a low excretion of the metabolites were observed. After 16 h of fasting hypoglycaemia was accompanied by an increase of urinary dicarboxylic acids and psi-hydroxyacids similar to that found on admission. Interestingly this urinary organic acid pattern persisted 8 h after intravenous administration of glucose. In a blood sample obtained after 16 h of fasting there was hypoketonaemia and increased levels of total free fatty acids, octanoic, decanoic and cis-4-decenoic acids. These biochemical data suggest the existence of a deficiency at the level of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1984

[Biochemical changes in 24-month-old Wistar rats].

Biogenic amines in pons and striatum have been dosed in twenty-four months old Wistar male rats. Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholine esterase (ACHesterase) activities, [3H] choline uptake by a synaptosomal preparation, [3H] quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB) binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors have been determined in hippocampus. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma, in liver and in lungs and the characteristics of the skin collagen have been evaluated. Important differences are shown in comparison with three months old of the same strain animals.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of 5023 SE on experimental cerebral ischemia in gerbils].

Unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery of gerbils results in cerebral edema and ipsilateral hemiparesia ending in death. The clinical symptoms of this experimental ischaemia can be quantified. Comparison of untreated gerbils and gerbils treated with Duxil showed that the drug reduces the neuropathological symptoms and cerebral edema induced by ischaemia and improves the vital prognosis in these animals.

Almitrine↗