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Biomedical subjects

F Rilke

Publications and source records attributed to F Rilke.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Human papillomavirus genomes in male urethral cells.

Sixty-four samples of urethral cells from male sexual partners of women with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were analyzed for the presence of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by slot blot hybridization. Additional samples from 37 of these subjects were analyzed for the presence of viral cytopathic effects by conventional cytology. By PCR, HPV DNA was detected in 21% (14/64) of samples. By cytology, 16% (6/37) of the samples showed cellular changes consistent with HPV infection. Polymerase chain reaction and cytology results were concordant for presence and absence of HPV in 5 and 28 cases, respectively. Three additional HPV-positive cases were obtained with PCR in the cytologically negative samples. The cytologic abnormalities were found to be associated with the presence of both low-risk HPV types and meatal acetoreactivity. On the contrary, HPV DNA positivity by PCR was unrelated to viral type and peniscopic findings. Urethral HPV infection was detected by PCR in 30% of males with visible penile lesions and in 18% of those without. These results indicate that PCR analysis of urethral samples is a helpful adjunct to cytology for the detection of HPV DNA in absence of cytologic evidence of infection.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical assay on scraping material.

In order to demonstrate the reliability of immunocytochemical results on cytologic specimens for receptor analysis, the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors was investigated using immunohistochemistry on frozen sections and on scraping material from the same samples of 50 breast carcinomas. The level of agreement between the two procedures was evaluated by the kappa statistic, as was that between each immunohistochemical procedure and the dextran-coated-charcoal assay since the latter is still the assay employed most frequently for steroid receptor determination and is used for official reports. Statistical results revealed very good agreement regarding the estrogen receptor analysis, with kappa values of .910 and .952 for the comparison of the dextran-coated-charcoal assay with immunocytochemistry on frozen sections and on scrapes, respectively, and .950 for the comparison between the two immunocytochemical procedures. As to progesterone receptors, the kappa values were .795 and .712 for the comparison between the biochemical and immunocytochemical results and .915 for agreement evaluation between the two immunocytochemical procedures. The study showed that the scraping procedure is a valuable tool for the immunocytochemical assessment of steroid receptors in small mammary tumors; it yields representative cellular samples, thus permitting the investigation of heterogeneously distributed substances in tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic significance of HER-2/neu expression in breast cancer and its relationship to other prognostic factors.

Archival surgical specimens from 1,210 female breast cancer patients treated between 1968 and 1971 and with a 19-year follow-up were reanalyzed with special reference to several parameters, such as size of the primary tumor, axillary nodal involvement, histologic grade, degree of inflammatory infiltrate (LPI) of the tumor and expression of the neu oncoprotein (p185) as detected by immunohistochemistry. In a multifactorial analysis the 4 former factors were found to be independent prognostic parameters. Over-expression of p185 was found to be related to tumor size and grade and to LPI but not to pathologic nodal status. Over-expression of p185 showed a negative impact upon survival in node-positive but not in node-negative patients. However, in the subset of node-negative patients without LPI, p185 over-expression showed the same correlation with a poor prognosis as in node-positive patients. In contrast, in node-negative and LPI-positive patients, p185 over-expression correlated with a good prognosis. Also, the prognosis of patients with positive nodes, presence of LPI and no p185 over-expression was similar to that of patients with negative nodes, absence of LPI and p185 over-expression.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of long-term survival of 1986 consecutive patients with breast cancer treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milano, Italy (1971 to 1972 and 1977 to 1978).

Long-term survival of 1986 consecutive patients with infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milano (Italy) in two periods of time (1971 to 1972 and 1977 to 1978) was comparatively evaluated to verify if the evolving concepts in the management of breast cancer had an impact on survival. The authors found that 10-year survival of our patients increased from 59.4% of the first period of time to 65% of the second (P = 0.005). Both node-negative (N-) and node-positive (N+) patients had an improvement of survival rates at 10 years of the same magnitude: 6.8% and 5.9% respectively. Taking into consideration both the maximum diameter of the primary tumor and the status of axillary nodes it was found that in (1) both N- and N+ patients with a primary tumor of no more than 2 cm in greatest diameter, the improvement of survival was not statistically significant; and (2) both N- and N+ patients with a primary greater than 2 cm in maximum diameter had a better chance of survival in the second time period.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Genital human papilloma virus infection in males. A clinico-pathologic study.

From March 1987 to December 1988, 402 male sexual partners of 317 women with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the lower genital tract and 85 with HPV-associated cervical and/or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN and/or VIN) were submitted to clinical examination and peniscopy. The latter was performed at a 6-15 X magnification after a 3 min exposure to 5% acetic acid solution. Visible lesions were biopsied. Thirty-one patients had clinical evidence of HPV infection in the glans, penile shaft or urethra, and 222 had peniscopic evidence of subclinical aceto-white lesions. Of 31 patients with clinical lesions, 11 showed also aceto-white subclinical lesions. Of 253 peniscopically positive males, 237 were biopsied and 191 of these were histologically ascertained. Three patients had penile intraepithelial neoplasia, one with clinical appearance of a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor. The incidence of HPV infection in male sexual partners of women affected by HPV infection of the lower genital tract associated or not with intraepithelial neoplasia is lower than expected. However, clinically negative males should not be considered disease free; in fact, 12 patients, negative at the first examination, showed histological evidence of HPV infection at subsequent controls. Therefore, follow-up of at least 6 months should be allowed to identify HPV bearing males. The reported low frequency of HPV infection may be due to the fact that the males may harbour the virus in the urethra, prostate or seminal vesicles or penis without any clinical evidence of disease. Although research for HPV-DNA in intraurethral and penile scraping material might be useful for diagnosis, peniscopy with a 5% acetic acid application remains the clinical test for evaluating HPV infection in males. The importance of peniscopy should be viewed with respect to the prevention of infection or reinfection of the female sexual partners, in addition to the specific diagnostic purpose in male patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Histopathologic diagnosis of dysplastic nevi: concordance among pathologists convened by the World Health Organization Melanoma Programme.

Dysplastic nevi are an important indicator of risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The study of and, particularly, international communication regarding this group of lesions have been hindered by a lack of precision in diagnosis. In an effort to broaden understanding, a panel of pathologists agreed upon a set of criteria for the diagnosis of dysplastic melanocytic nevi. Two major and four minor criteria were defined. The major criteria are (1) basilar proliferation of atypical nevomelanocytes (extending at least three rete ridges or "pegs" beyond any dermal nevo-cellular component), and (2) organization of this proliferation in a lentiginous or epithelioid-cell pattern. Minor criteria are (1) the presence of lamellar fibrosis or concentric eosinophilic fibrosis, (2) neovascularization, (3) inflammatory response, and (4) fusion of rete ridges. Diagnosis required presence of both major criteria and at least two minor criteria. One hundred fourteen histologic specimens of benign acquired nevi, dysplastic nevi, and radial-growth-phase melanomas were examined by the members of this panel; their diagnoses were compared to determine degree of concordance. The established criteria yielded 92% mean concordance overall.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

Argyrophilic carcinoma of the male breast. A neuroendocrine tumor containing predominantly chromogranin B (secretogranin I).

Argyrophilic tumors were diagnosed in 28 of 134 (20.8%) consecutive male patients who had a carcinoma of the breast removed between 1961 and 1990. Histologically, most argyrophilic tumors showed uniform cellularity and prevalent expansive growth. Ultrastructural observation disclosed the presence of electron-dense cored granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. By immunocytochemistry, 17 of 28 argyrophilic tumors (60.7%) contained chromogranin B (secretogranin I)-immunoreactive cells, whereas chromogranin A was present in four of these 17 tumors only (14.2%). Immunoblotting studies showed chromogranin B immunoreactivity similar to that found in normal neuroendocrine cells. Despite these findings, which would argue for a distinct morphologic and immunochemical entity, no statistically significant differences between argyrophilic and common male breast carcinomas were found when a number of clinicopathologic features and relapse-free survival were considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Distinct morphophenotypic features of chronic B-cell leukaemias identified with CD1c and CD23 antibodies.

Morphological criteria usually applied to diagnose various subtypes of B-cell chronic lymphoid leukaemia are largely subjective. Immunophenotyping of 61 relevant cases using a selected panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), showed that CD1c and CD23 mAb were able to separate B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) from other chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Lymphocytes of B-CLL were CD1c-, CD23+, whereas those of other types of chronic B-cell leukaemia were CD1c+/-, CD23-, and CD38/-. Non-B-CLL cases had a significantly higher amount of large peroxidase-negative (unstained) cells analyzed with an automated blood cell counter (Technicon H6000). This type of volumetric assessment allowed a separation between typical and "atypical" B-CLL, which otherwise were both CD1c-, and CD23+. These combinations of phenotypic markers corresponded to well-defined haematopathologic entities, conventionally diagnosed on peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow smears, and on histologic sections of lymph nodes and spleen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Silver enhancement of nickel-diaminobenzidine as applied to single and double immunoperoxidase staining.

A reliable and practical method is proposed for increasing sensitivity and detection efficiency of immunocytochemical techniques, based on silver enhancement of the nickel-diaminobenzidine product of the peroxidase reaction. The procedure produces a strong signal at the site of the end product of the peroxidase reaction which is visible as black grains at the light microscopic level. The method has been used to detect peroxidase labeled probes in immunocytochemical tissue preparations and blotting assays and is ideal for the purposes of double staining and photographic documentation.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed1991

C-cell hyperplasia accompanying thyroid diseases other than medullary carcinoma: an immunocytochemical study by means of antibodies to calcitonin and somatostatin.

Eighteen normal thyroid glands and unaffected thyroid tissue adjacent to 37 follicular cell-derived benign and malignant tumors and to ten thyroid metastases were studied immunocytochemically with calcitonin (CT) and prosomatostatin/somatostatin (SMS) antibodies. CT- and SMS-immunoreactive cells were found in 100% of cases, though with ample variations in number. Most but not all SMS-immunoreactive cells also contained CT. Diffuse and/or nodular C-cell hyperplasia was seen in 30% of pathological thyroid glands; in concomitance with follicular adenomas, the mean C-cell number more than doubled that found in normal glands. Furthermore the proportion of SMS-immunoreactive C-cells increased from about 1% of CT-immunoreactive cells in normal adult thyroid glands to 2.5% in follicular adenomas, 3% in follicular carcinomas, 4.6% in papillary carcinomas, and 5.7% in metastases. The findings suggest that C-cell hyperplasia may be causally related to pathologic disorders affecting follicular cells. Furthermore, the demonstration that the intrathyroidal SMS cell mass is readily affected by alterations of the follicular structure of the gland suggests a possible regulatory role of SMS in the thyroidal microenvironment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Expression of two antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies in normal, benign and malignant human mammary tissues.

We examined the reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), MBrI and MBr8, on sections from normal breast tissues, benign lesions, primary infiltrating carcinomas and distant breast cancer metastases and compared the expression of the recognized antigens (CaMBr1 and CaMBr8 respectively) in these different normal and pathologic conditions. The expression of both antigens was found to significantly decrease in the neoplastic tissues, in comparison to normal breast tissue (34% vs 61% for MBr1 and 52% vs 86% for MBr8; p less than 0.001 for both). Atypical epithelial hyperplasia was found to be reactive on the same level (31%) of the tumors when tested with MBr1, whereas its reactivity was similar to that of normal tissues (78%) when MBr8 was used. Nonatypical epithelial hyperplasia showed the same reactivity with both MAbs (positive staining on about 50% of the cells). 65% of the "in situ" ductal carcinoma cases was MBr1-positive, whereas 50% was MBr8-positive; these values, when compared with the reactivity on normal glands, were significantly lower for MBr8, but not for MBr1. When testing sections from premenopausal women who had biopsies performed on different days during their menstrual cycle a correlation was found between the expression of CaMBr1 in normal breast epithelial cells and the stimulatory phase of the cycle. These findings suggest that both antigens are typical of normal breast and their expression could possibly decrease in pathologic tissues.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Primary chemotherapy to avoid mastectomy in tumors with diameters of three centimeters or more.

In 165 women with breast cancer who were candidates for mastectomy because the largest diameter of the tumor was 3 cm or more, we administered primary chemotherapy in the attempt to substitute conservative for mutilating surgery. We then systematically quantitated tumor reduction by clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic evaluations. Five consecutive groups of 33 patients received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF); fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cyclophosphamide (FAC); or fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC). The regimens for the five groups were as follows: group 1, three cycles of CMF; group 2, four cycles of CMF; group 3, three cycles of FAC; group 4, four cycles of FAC; and group 5, three cycles of FEC. In response to primary chemotherapy, 157 of the 161 assessable patients showed measurable tumor shrinkage; progressive disease was documented in four. Tumor shrinkage to less than 3 cm was documented in 127 (81%) of the 157 women subjected to surgery, thus allowing a breast-saving procedure, rather than modified radical mastectomy, in these 127 women. Histopathologic complete remission was documented in seven patients. Tumor response was unrelated to age, menopausal status, DNA content (ploidy), [3H]thymidine-labeling index, drug combination used, or number of treatment cycles in excess of three. The degree of response was inversely proportional to the initial tumor size, and the frequency of response was greater in receptor-negative tumors. Severe vomiting and hair loss were less frequent with CMF than with anthracycline-containing regimens, and the frequency of severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was minimal. Our results challenge the classical indication for primary mastectomy by showing that use of full-dose primary chemotherapy, sequentially combined with conservative surgery and radiation, can offer an effective and safe alternative to women concerned about the preservation of body integrity.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical localization and identification of members of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-fold family in human thyroid C cells and medullary carcinomas.

An increasing number of regulatory peptides not coded by the calcitonin genes are known to occur in the thyroid C cells. We have now carried out light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical analyses on specimens of normal human thyroids and medullary carcinomas to establish the occurrence of members of the PP-PYY-NPY family in the C cell system. By means of site-directed immunocytochemistry we provide the first evidence that a molecule closely related to proNPY is present in normal and pathologic C cells, and is co-stored with calcitonin in the cytoplasmic dense-core granules. Preliminary observations also suggest that high levels of expression of NPY-gene products help to define a subset of tumours with a less aggressive behaviour.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical localization and identification of prosomatostatin gene products in medullary carcinoma of human thyroid gland.

Thirty-three cases of histologically proven calcitonin-positive medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied immunocytochemically for the occurrence of prosomatostatin-related peptides. Positive cells, identified with a panel of antisera raised against four different regions of the prosomatostatin molecule, were found in 100% of the tumors. Most but not all somatostatin-positive cells were also immunoreactive for calcitonin. Notably, seven patients harboring somatostatin-rich tumors revealed a more favorable clinical course. The results (1) indicate that somatostatin production is a universal concomitant of thyroid medullary carcinoma, (2) suggest that these cells are likely to produce a somatostatin precursor molecule similar to mammalian prosomatostatin, and (3) imply that somatostatin-reactive cells may have as yet unknown roles in these tumors, possibly in the realm of paracrine and autocrine regulation of cell growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Use of monoclonal antibody MBr1 to detect micrometastases in bone marrow specimens of breast cancer patients.

Bone marrow specimens obtained from 121 breast cancer patients immediately after surgery were examined by an immunofluorescence method with monoclonal antibody MBr1 to detect tumour cells undetectable by other diagnostic procedures. 80 women were node-negative and 41 node-positive. In no case could conventional histology demonstrate tumour cells, whereas MBr1 was positive in 20 (16.5%) of the 121 cases. No difference was observed in MBr1 positivity between node-negative and node-positive cases (17% vs. 15%). With regard to clinical outcome (median follow-up 48 months) 27 women relapsed, including 6 of 20 MBr1-positive and 24 of 101 MBr1-negative patients. First distant metastases or death from progression of disease were taken as end-points. Multivariate analysis showed that the additional contribution of MBr1 positivity, after making allowance for other prognostic factors, was negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vulvar carcinomas: search for sequences homologous to human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus DNA.

Ten cases of intraepithelial carcinoma, five with Bowenoid features and five with early invasion, and ten cases of invasive vulvar carcinoma were examined by in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis using DNA probes for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31. HPV DNA was detected in 90% of the intraepithelial cases and in 10% of the invasive cases. All positive cases showed the presence of DNA of HPV type 16. The cases with intraepithelial lesions revealed a strong correlation between the presence of HPV type 16 DNA, cigarette smoking habit, other potential cofactors such as herpes simplex (HSV) DNA sequences and the use of contraceptive drugs, and clinicopathologic features of Bowen's type in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Similar associations were not observed among the cases with invasive disease. While HPV-16 is associated with differentiated Bowenoid type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, which appears to be the most common form of early carcinoma of the vulva, the same association was not seen with respect to advanced vulvar invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

Base Sequence↗