Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Raffi

Publications and source records attributed to F Raffi.

159 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of nevirapine-based HAART in HIV-1-infected, treatment-naive persons with high and low baseline viral loads.

PURPOSE: The objective of this analysis was to assess the efficacy of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing, protease inhibitor (PI)-sparing, three-drug highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV- 1-infected, treatment-naive patients with high and low baseline viral loads. METHOD: A composite analysis was performed of clinical studies including the NNRTI nevirapine that were presented at international conferences between 1998 and October 2000. In all of the studies, nevirapine was administered in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). For a study to be included in the analysis, more than 25% of participants must have had baseline viral loads >100,000 copies/mL, and more than 25% of participants must have had viral loads <100,000 copies/mL. RESULTS: After 6 months, 139 of 156 (89%) and 82 of 99 (83% ) patients in the low and high baseline viral load groups, respectively, had on-treatment viral loads <200 to 500 copies/mL (depending on assay used). After 12 months, 95 of 124 patients (77%) with lower baseline viral loads and 63 of 76 patients (83%) with high baseline viral loads had on-treatment viral loads below the limit of quantification. CONCLUSION: Baseline viral load does not affect virologic outcome in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-naive participants treated with nevirapine-containing, PI-sparing HAART.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progression to AIDS or death as endpoints in HIV clinical trials.

PURPOSE: To assess progression to AIDS or death from month 4 after a protease inhibitor-containing regimen is initiated in a cohort of 1,281 patients. METHOD: We used Kaplan-Meier estimates of probability of clinical progression. RESULT: At month 4, most patients had an HIV-1 RNA plasma value below 500 copies/mL (78%) and a CD4 cell count above 300 cells/mm(3) (62%). Starting from month 4, clinical progression at 1 and 2 years of follow-up was low (<3% at 1 year) in patients with HIV RNA <500 copies/mL or 500-10,000 copies/mL and in patients with CD4 between 50 and 300 cells/mm(3) or >300 cells/mm(3). A higher risk of clinical progression (> or =10% at 1 year) was evidenced only in patients with poor response to antiretroviral therapy, that is, with CD4 <50 cells/mm(3) or CD4 between 50-300 cells/mm(3) together with an HIV RNA >10,000 copies/mL. CONCLUSION: In patients currently on antiretroviral therapy, clinical trials with clinical progression as endpoint are almost not feasible, except in patients with a poor immunovirological response to first- or second-line HAART.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported symptoms after initiation of a protease inhibitor in HIV-infected patients and their impact on adherence to HAART.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to assess short-term self-reported symptoms in patients who were started on two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one protease inhibitor (PI) in the multicenter APROCO cohort (N = 336) and to assess the influence of these symptoms on adherence. METHOD: Adherence and patient's reported symptoms were measured at 1 and 4 months (M) after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: Most patients reported at least one symptom (94.0% at M1; 88.0% at M4); fatigue and diarrhea were the most often reported symptoms. Respectively, 81.3% and 75.0% of patients were strictly adherent to HAART during the 4 days prior to M1 and M4 visits. After adjustment for younger age, history of antiretroviral treatment, unstable housing, poor social support, and alcohol consumption, patients who reported a high number of symptoms at M1 were more likely to be nonadherent at M4 (odds ratio per symptom = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.03-1.24). CONCLUSION: Patients reporting a high number of symptoms soon after HAART initiation are at higher risk of future nonadherence and could be targeted for interventions to achieve good levels of adherence and to improve treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunologic response to antiretroviral treatment with combined stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the restoration of immune function in patients given two nucleoside-analogs and one non-nucleoside-analog (nevirapine). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in 27 HIV-1-infected patients, starting a treatment with d4T, ddl and nevirapine, included in the VIRGO trial and followed up to 52 weeks. RESULTS: Total CD4 T cells increased as early as the fourth week of treatment (+154/microliter, p < 0.001) with a gain maintained until week 52 (+201/microliter at week 52). A similar pattern was seen for memory CD4 T cells (+80/microliter at week 4, +110/microliter at week 52). The rise in naive CD4 T cells was slower, strongly significant for week 16 (p < 0.001) and maximum at week 24 (+105/microliter). DISCUSSION: In our study, rise in T cells was not correlated with virological response, however increase in total and naive CD4 T cells was correlated with the CD4 count at onset of therapy (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that patients on d4T-ddl-nevirapine therapy have the same immune restoration as patients given protease inhibitor-based regimens.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Filariasis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Filariasis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. A multicenter retrospective study of 182 cases].

The spectrum of 182 hospital Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, collected over a five-year period, is reviewed. The diagnosis was based on complement fixation test. Mycoplasma infection was encountered mainly in young people, mean age 29 years. Eighty-four per cent presented with an atypical pneumonia, 33 per cent had extrapulmonary manifestations mainly neurological and cutaneous. Acute respiratory failure occurred in 32 cases. Only 5 patients died. Macrolides or tetracyclines remain the most effective antibiotics but spontaneous recovery is usual.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in surgery: applications in digestive surgery].

Prophylactic use of antibiotic presently constitutes one essential method in the prevention of postoperative infections in digestive surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is based upon well-codified general rules and on indications determined by the type of surgery, the micro-organismal flora in the organ in question and relevant risk factors. An overview of these principles and indications is presented. The options available for different types of digestive surgery (gastroduodenal, biliary, colorectal) are reassessed in light of defined indications and the results of randomized trials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Simultaneous study of the placental, myometrial and cervical circulations (indium 113 and anemometric thermometry). 3). Double blind study of the action of intravenous ritodrine during normal pregnancy].

The authors measure the changes in placental and myometrial blood flow using an isotope technique with Indium 113. They calculate an index of the variation in placental blood flow (I.V. D.P.) and an index of variation of myomoetfrial blood flow (I.V.D.M.) after injecting Ritodrine or a placebo between the 28th and the 36th week of pregnancy. This study was carried out in 26 normal women. At the same time using Brotanek's technique changes in the cervical blood flow were registered. No change in the placental, myometrial or cervical blood flows were noted while Ritodrine was being transfused intravenously.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A fetus with Down syndrome and intratubular germ cell neoplasia.

A 22-week-old fetus with trisomy 21 demonstrated intratubular germ cell neoplasia. This is the second report of in situ testicular neoplasia in a fetus with trisomy 21, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for the possible excess of testicular germ cell tumors that occur in Down syndrome is operative in early fetal life. Because no examples of neonatal testicular germ cell tumor in trisomy 21 have been reported, we suggest that this in situ neoplasm may disappear during gestation, such as the trisomy 21-associated transient myeloproliferative syndrome does shortly after birth. This disappearance may be due to a controlled regression phenomenon.

Adult↗