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Biomedical subjects

F N Ghadially

Publications and source records attributed to F N Ghadially.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Intranuclear helioid inclusions.

We have coined the term 'helioid inclusion' to describe a new type of single-membrane-bound intranuclear inclusion which contains one or more rounded bodies with radiating filaments (helioid bodies). Helioid bodies were not found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, or in the cytoplasmic matrix, but a helioid body was seen in dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum included in a double-membrane-bound intranuclear pseudoinclusion. No firm conclusion regarding the genesis of helioid inclusions has emerged from our studies, but two possibilities exist: 1) that helioid bodies derive from modification of serous secretory granules sequestrated in an intranuclear inclusion; or 2) that they develop by condensation of the contents of the perinuclear cistern or rough endoplasmic reticulum subsequent to its sequestration in an intranuclear inclusion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

A serial section study of nuclear pockets containing nuclear material.

A serial section study of leukaemic lymphocytes was carried out to elucidate the three dimensional morphology of nuclear pockets containing nuclear material and their mode of genesis. From this and a previous study on nuclear pockets containing cytoplasmic material we conclude that these are two distinct lesions each with its own mode of genesis and one does not evolve from the other. Hence we propose that the common nuclear pocket containing cytoplasmic material be designated 'type I nuclear pocket' and the nuclear pocket containing nuclear material as the 'type 2 nuclear pocket'. Our serial section study also showed that some type 2 nuclear pockets are open, (i.e. there is continuity between the material in the pocket and the contents of the nucleus) while others are closed (i.e. the material in the pocket is completely separated from the material in the nucleus). At times one sees profiles suggesting that small satellite nuclei occur in leukaemic cells. Our serial section studies show that such profiles can be produced by fortuitous sections through type 2 nuclear pockets.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic ultrastructural markers in alveolar cell carcinoma.

Two, difficult-to-diagnose cases of metastatic alveolar cell carcinoma were examined with the electron microscope. In the first case, the prominent feature was the occurrence of intranuclear tubular inclusions and the rare occurrence of surfactant-like material between tumour cells. Only after a prolonged search in sections from several blocks were typical neoplastic type II alveolar cells with secretory granules containing myelin figures (myelinosomes) found and the diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma established. In the second case, the tumour cells contained single-membrane-bound bodies enclosing material resembling pulmonary surfactant. Here also, after much searching, rare cells containing myelinosomes resembling those found in type II alveolar cells were found and the diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma established. The value of these various markers (myelinosomes, intranuclear tubular inclusions and surfactant-like material) in establishing the diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma with the electron microscope are reviewed and discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

An unusual banded structure in Ewing's sarcoma.

In a largely haemorrhagic and necrotic specimen of Ewing's sarcoma we found banded structures (periodicity of banding about 250 nm) of a type hitherto not known to occur in any normal or pathological tissue. Morphological appearances suggested that these structures had evolved from the fibrin which was always closely associated with them. However, this idea was abandoned because the periodicity of banding of these structures is about ten times greater than the known periodicity of banding of fibrin. These structures have the same periodicity of banding as fibrous long-spacing collagen produced in vitro and about twice the periodicity of banding of fibrous long-spacing collagen found in vivo. However, they lack the fine striations or minor bands of the in vitro fibrous long-spacing collagen. We therefore conclude that the banded structures in this tumour represent a new form of fibrous long-spacing collagen which shares the features of in vitro and in vivo types of fibrous long-spacing collagen.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Endochondral pseudocyst of the auricle in Chinese.

Thirty-one patients with endochondral pseudocysts of the auricle were seen over a four-year period in the Department of Surgery at the University of Hong Kong. The lesions chiefly affected Chinese males (90.3%); 80.6% involved the scaphoid fossa on the anterior surface of the pinna. They were usually asymptomatic and static in size. Excision of the anterior wall, followed by contour pressure dressing, gave cosmetically satisfactory results in 90% of the patients, and there were no recurrences. Pathologic studies revealed the absence of an epithelial lining as well as multiple cystic spaces that contained abundant glycosaminoglycans (acid mucopolysaccharides). We postulate that the overproduction of glycosaminoglycans engendered by repeated minor trauma to the cartilage was the primary cause of the pseudocysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of pulmonary talcosis by electron-probe x-ray analysis.

A miner with a long history of drug abuse developed pulmonary fibrosis. It was not clear whether his disease was due to drug abuse or exposure to mine dust. Electron-probe x-ray analysis of mineral deposits in the lung showed that his disease was due to drug abuse and not occupational exposure to mine dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A serial section study of nuclear pockets and loops.

A serial section study of nuclear pockets in a lymphoma of the stomach showed that: 1) no tumour cell nucleus was free of pockets; 2) approximately 10 to 50 pockets occur on a nucleus; and 3) the pockets show a focal rather than a diffuse distribution on the nucleus. In most pockets cytoplasmic material is completely sequestrated and no channel of communication remains between the cytoplasm and the contents of the pocket. While most pockets contain cytoplasmic material, a few contain nuclear material. It would appear that these are two distinct and different lesions and that one does not evolve from the other. A serial section study of the so-called 'chromatin loops' shows that they are no more than fortuitous sections through pockets. The idea that 'chromatin loops' are cast off from the nucleus receives no support from our studies.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1983

Myofibroblastoma: a tumour of myofibroblasts.

A myofibroblastoma occurring in the abdominal cavity of a 15 year old boy is described. This tumour was diagnosed as a low grade sarcoma by light microscopy but electron microscopy showed that the tumour was composed almost entirely of myofibroblasts and a few macrophages. Intermediate forms between myofibroblasts and macrophages were not seen nor were any fibroblasts seen in the main tumour mass. Total excision was impossible because the tumour had trapped loops of bowel and was adherent to the abdominal organs. The patient died of cachexia and haemorrhage but there were no distant metastases nor was there any marked infiltration of the abdominal organs. This case and a review of the literature shows that myofibroblastomas are locally aggressive tumours which do not metastasize and that if total excision is possible an uneventful recovery can be expected.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint.

Normal human menisci obtained at autopsy (seven cases) and the injured and uninjured portions of torn menisci obtained at surgery (nine cases) were studied with the electron microscope. The surface of menisci is composed of collagen fibrils surmounted by an electron-dense surface coat. Most of the cells in menisci are chondrocytes but a few fibroblasts and cells of an intermediate form difficult to classify as either fibroblasts or chondrocytes also occur. Mast cells are found at the vascularised periphery of the meniscus. Myofibroblasts were found in the injured portions of menisci in three out of the nine cases studied. A territorial matrix containing fibrils and proteoglycan particles with associated filaments is seen around or adjacent to chondrocytes, but sometimes this matrix is sparse or absent. The interterritorial or general matrix comprises collagen fibrils of widely varying diameters (25-180 nm) set in a sparse interfibrillary matrix containing proteoglycan particles. A few mature elastic fibres and several small or immature elastic fibres and collections of electron-dense filaments are seen in the general matrix. Also seen in this region are calcified bodies and matrical lipidic debris derived by the shedding of cell processes and in situ necrosis of cells. Other features seen in the matrix of the injured portion of the meniscus include: (1) membrane-bound cystic structures; (2) parting and fraying of collagen fibrils; and (3) pools of proteoglycan particles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Uraniosomes produced in cultured rabbit kidney cells by uranyl acetate.

Cultured rabbit kidney cells were exposed to uranyl acetate. This produced single-membrane-bound presumably lysosomal bodies (called 'uraniosomes') containing electron-dense crystals in the cultured cells. Similar crystalline deposits were seen in extracellular locations also. All uraniosomes and extracellular uranium deposits analyzed by electron-probe x-ray analysis were found to contain uranium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. Traces of sulphur were detected in some but not all uraniosomes and extracellular uranium deposits.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Uraniosomes produced in the synovial membrane by uranyl acetate.

Uranyl acetate was injected into the rabbit knee joint. This produced single-membrane-bound presumably lysosmal bodies (called 'uraniosomes') containing electron-dense crystals in Type A and Type B synovial intimal cells, subsynovial macrophages and lipocytes. Uranium deposits were also seen in the extracellular matrix. All uraniosomes and extracellular deposits analysed by electron-probe X-ray analysis were found to contain uranium, potassium and phosphorus. Traces of calcium and sulphur were also found in some of the uraniosomes and extracellular uranium deposits.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A transmission electron microscopic comparison of the articular surface of cartilage processed attached to bone and detached from bone.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the surface asperities detected with the transmission electron microscope in shavings of young adult articular cartilage detached from bone reflect an in vivo condition or are artefacts. With this in view shavings of rabbit articular cartilage processed in the conventional manner were compared with pieces of cartilage attached to bone processed by a new method which we have evolved. An undulating surface and asperities up to about 0.3 micrometer deep were found in cartilage shavings processed in the conventional manner, but such asperities were not seen on cartilage processed attached to bone. We have therefore concluded that such asperities are artefactual and that they are engendered by cartilage curling. Cartilage processed attached to bone has an amazingly smooth surface; any so-called 'asperities' are less than 0.03 micrometer in depth and are confined to the surface coat which seems to be of a transient nature. On rare occasions, however, focal areas of roughening were found, where the asperities reached a depth of about 0.15 micrometer. Several past studies (reviewed in this paper) have shown that virtually all the asperities seen with the scanning electron microscope on the articular surface are artefacts of tissue processing. We have now shown that even most of the much smaller asperities seen with the transmission electron microscope are also artefacts. Therefore one has to conclude that the articular surface of young adults is remarkably smooth and that the surface asperities must be attributed to artefacts, ageing or pathological changes.

Animals↗