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Biomedical subjects

F Moro

Publications and source records attributed to F Moro.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The anatomy and physiology of the optic nerve: historical notes.

The authors outline the historical development of anatomical and physiological acquisitions on the optic nerve. From the first descriptions of Alcmaeone of Crotone (6th century B.C.) through the Aristotelean school, we arrive at the systemization of Claudius Galen. After the medioeval parenthesis, it fell to Vesalius to give a new impulse to anatomical research. Varolio and Eustachi describe the exact point of origin of the optic nerves. Later observations involve both anatomists and physiologists. The question of the transmission of sensory messages is described (Willis, von Haller), as is the microscopic structure of the optic nerve (Zinn, von Leeuwenhoek). After the description of the decussation of the fibers of the optic nerve in the optic chiasma, research into this cranial nerve has an increasingly neurophysiological and neurochemical orientation, continuing until the recent discovery of axoplasmic flow.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed1989

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and aging.

The records of 293 patients admitted to Padua University Eye Clinic with diagnosis of optic neuropathy were reviewed. Age and sex distribution of different types of optic neuropathies were analyzed. 84 patients (28.7%) with a mean age of 61.9 years had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The mean follow up of these patients was 3 years. In less than 30% of patients stabilized visual acuity of the first affected eye was better than 20/200; however, patients younger than 65 showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) better visual acuity than patients older than 64. Involvement of the second eye was found in 26 patients with AION (30.9%), of whom only five were considered idiopathic. The latency before controlateral eye involvement was significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter in patients over 64 years of age than in the younger group. Commonly known associated conditions such as giant cell arteritis (3.6%), arterial hypertension (34.5%), diabetes mellitus (10.7%), both arterial hypertension and diabetes (8.3%), migraine (7.2%) or intracapsular cataract extraction (1.2%) were considered. The frequency of a number of risk factors was found out in patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes and in patients with idiopathic AION. Symptoms or signs of ischemic cardiopathy and/or peripheral nonarteritic vascular disease, TIAs prior to AION onset, elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels, excessive smoking were considered. These risk factors were not found in 11.1% of diabetic patients with AION, in 37.9% of hypertensives, in 14.2% of both diabetic and hypertensive patients and in 31% of patients with idiopathic AION. Our data seem to indicate that the onset of AION may be influenced more strongly from these risk factors than aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Electrophysiological findings in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Electroretinograms (ERG), oscillatory potentials (OP) and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) were performed in nine patients (mean age 66 years) with unilateral long-standing anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and in an age matched control group. Normal ERGs but bilateral impaired OPs were observed in virtually all AION affected patients. Regardless of visual acuity, VEP amplitude reduction was found in all eyes with AION and in controlateral eyes of patients with associated systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. A normal latency of VEP was found bilaterally in AION affected patients; however no correlation between VEP latency and visual acuity or fields could be established. Our results seem to indicate moderate ischemic damage to the retina and to the axons of the optic pathways in patients with AION.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Optic nerve hypoplasia associated with pupillary light-near dissociation, spastic paraparesis and other non-ocular anomalies.

We report a case of bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia in a patient with pupillary light-near dissociation, spastic paraparesis with deep hyperreflexia, mild distal hypotrophy especially of lower limbs, bilateral pes cavus and signs of motor peripheral neuropathy. Other associated signs were rhinolalia, hypotrophy and fasciculations of the tongue and cardiomyopathy. We differentiate the condition from a number of hereditary ataxias and paraplegias. The clinical features of Strümpell-Lorrain spastic paraplegia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis seem to resemble most closely that of our patient.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Retinopathy following radiation therapy of paranasal sinus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Radiation retinopathy is a complication of the therapeutic irradiation of orbital and periorbital structures. The authors studied two groups of patients who had orbital (group 1) and periorbital (group 2) external irradiation. Radiation retinopathy occurred in 63.6% of patients in group 1 and 36.3% group 2. Retinal radiation damage showed a different clinical evaluation in the two groups, appearing earlier (mean, 11 versus 55 months) and with greater involvement of the peripheral retina in group 1 (with three cases of neovascular glaucoma). This study demonstrates that radiation retinopathy occurs in a significant number of cases when the eye is not totally involved in the irradiation field and shows at least two different clinical aspects in relation to the radiation treatment. It also suggests that portal design and choroidal circulation damage may represent important factors in the development of radiation retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Diabetic optic neuropathies: clinical features.

Optic disc neovascularization, anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION and PION), diabetic papillopathy and Wolfram's syndrome are known conditions affecting the optic nerve in diabetics. Analysis of frequencies of AION in diabetes and two cases with and without background diabetic retinopathy are reported. The literature concerning the pathogenesis of diabetic papillopathy and its clinical similarity to optic disc vasculitis are briefly discussed.

Diabetic Neuropathies↗
PubMed1985

Remodeling and sorting process of ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids during their axonal transport in the rabbit optic pathway.

The existence of a mechanism by which the ester- and ether-linked aliphatic chains of the major phospholipids are retailored during their axonal transport and sorted to specific membrane systems along the optic nerve and tract was investigated. A mixture of [1-14C]hexadecanol and [3H]arachidonic acid was injected into the vitreous body of albino rabbits. At 24 h and 8 days later, the distribution (as measured by the 3H/14C ratio) and the positioning (as monitored by hydrolytic procedures) of radioactivity in the various phospholipid classes of retina, purified axons, and myelin of the optic nerve and tract were determined. At the two intervals after labeling, the 3H/14C ratios of each diradyl type of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were (a) substantially unchanged all along the axons within the optic nerve and tract and (b) markedly modified in comparison with those found in the retina and axons for molecular species selectively restricted to myelin sheath. Evidence is thus available that intraxonally moving ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids, among others, are added to axonal membranes most likely without extensive modifications. In contrast, they are transferred into myelin after retailoring. Through these two processes, the sorting and targeting of newly synthesized phospholipids to their correct membrane domains, such as axoplasmic organelles, axolemma, or periaxonal myelin, could be controlled.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Conformational state of lacrimal proteins adsorbed on contact lenses.

A circular dichroism study has been performed to investigate the conformational properties of lysozyme adsorbed onto new and worn hydrophilic contact lenses. Whereas the native state of the protein is retained immediately after adsorption, lysozyme appears to be substantially denatured in worn lenses. These findings support the hypothesis of an immune response, due to lysozyme denaturation, for reported eye diseases in contact lens wearing patients. Regeneration processes to remove adsorbed proteins leave on the lens traces of potentially noxious materials. A reasonably frequent lens replacement is accordingly recommended.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1985

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and incidence of cataract in Sicily.

The incidence of G6PD deficiency in red blood cells of 241 Sicilian cataractous patients (138 males and 103 females) and in the lens of 32 subjects (15 males and 17 females) of the same group was evaluated. The incidence of G6PD deficiency was significantly higher than expected (p less than 0.001), both in RBCs and in lens. The results suggest that G6PD deficiency is a risk factor for cataract both in hemizygous males and heterozygous females.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Axoplasmatic transport. The optic nerve and the retina].

A brief description of the importance of axonal transport for nerve cell metabolism, with a discussion of some special features affecting the retina and optic nerve. A connection is made between this transport and a variety of eye diseases in the light of recent publications. In particular, the role played by axonal transport in the course of diseases of the optic nerve (papilledema), elevation of IOP and retinopathies with vascular origins is summarized.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cytogenetic study of a Cercopithecus pogonias grayi x Cercopithecus mona mona hybrid.

The G- and C-banded karyotypes of hybrid born of the cross between a male Cercopithecus pogonias grayi (2 n = 72 XY) and a female C. mona mona (2 n = 68 XX) are reported. The chromosome number is 2 n = 70 and equals half the total number of parental chromosomes. A correlation between the hybrid karyotype and those of its parents is proposed. The typical autosomes of C. pogonia grayi are again found in the young hybrids.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cytogenetic study of Cercopithecus pogonias grayi x Cercopithecus ascanius katangae hybrids.

The G-banded karyotypes of a male and a female hybrid born of the cross between a Cercopithecus pogonias grayi (2 n = 72 XY) and a C. ascanius katangae (2 n = 66 XX) are reported. The constant chromosome number 2 n = 69 of both the male and female hybrids equals the arithmetic mean of the parental chromosome. A correlation between the hybrid karyotypes and those of their parents is proposed. The typical acrocentric autosomes of C. pogonias grayi are found again in the offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Axonal transport of phospholipids in rabbit optic pathway.

The uptake of different labeled precursors, their incorporation into lipids, and transport along the rabbit optic pathway [ipsilateral retina and optic nerve (ON), and contralateral optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate body (LGB), and superior colliculus (SC)] were investigated. Albino rabbits were used. The following radioactive precursors ,either combined or separately, dissolved in 50 microliter of saline containing 15% BSA, were injected into vitreous body: [2-3H]glycerol (50 microCi), [1-14C]palmitate (15 microCi), and [1-14C]linoleate (7.5 microCi). Animals were killed at different time intervals from 1 hr up to 24 days. The radioactivity of total lipids and of different phospholipid classes from total tissue was measured. One hour after administration of precursors, the radioactivity into the retina was high and the incorporation of [3H]glycerol and [14C]palmitate increased until 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively. The incorporation of [14C]linoleate reached a maximum on the second day. The phospholipids of LGB and SC were intensively labeled after 4-8 hr, and their radioactivity increased up to the 10th day after injection, independent of the precursor employed. The results obtained indicate that the labeled hydrophilic and hydrophobic precursors used were actively incorporated into the retina, The phospholipids were later transported at a rapid rate along the optic pathway.

Animals↗