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Biomedical subjects

F Miller

Publications and source records attributed to F Miller.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

An epidemiological study of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection in thirty-five rural Egyptian villages.

Probability samples of individuals from 35 village communities in the rural Egyptian Nile Valley were examined for the presence of schistosome ova by sedimentation of urine and by the MIFC technique for stools. In all there were 12,933 persons selected of which 11,337 provided specimens for examination from a total population of 66,768 persons divided among three governorates: 37% in North Central Delta, 31% in Upper-Middle Egypt and 32% in the Upper Egypt. After controlling the differences attributed to sampling methods, 30% of the villagers from Kafr El Sheikh, were found positive for S. haematobium and 20% for S. mansoni. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Kafr El Sheikh villages was 42%. South of the Nile Delta in the Beni Suef villages, 27% were found positive for S. haematobium and less than 1% positive for S. mansoni. In Aswan, prevalence was associated with the type and location of the village. Prevalence was low (4%) in villages located on high barren ground, but elevated (25%) in a village built within cropped and irrigated land. S. mansoni cases were also in the Aswan villagers; however, local acquisition of this infection was not substantiated. The specific age-sex distributions for both schistosomes species were characteristic with a notable difference in the male-female infection ratio that increased from north to south. The source of domestic water supply and prevalence of infection were consistently associated. These results were compared to past findings in order to provide a frame of reference to aid in the development of future surveillance and investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Use of glycopyrrolate in the parturient: effect on the maternal and fetal heart and uterine activity.

The effects of intravenous glycopyrrolate on maternal and fetal heart rate, heart rate variability, and maternal electromechanical intervals and blood pressure were evaluated in 20 term parturients in labor. Direct continuous fetal heart rate and intrauterine pressure were monitored via an intrauterine catheter. Maternal heart rate and R-pulse-wave intervals were measured and maternal blood pressure was recorded at 5-minute intervals. There were no significant changes in fetal heart rate or fetal heart rate variability. The maternal heart rate increased in all cases and the electromechanical interval decreased with the onset of maternal tachycardia. There were no significant changes in maternal blood pressure. Uterine activity increased in all cases; however, this increase does not appear to be greater than that expected in uterine activity as labor progresses.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1980

Appearance of cytoskeletal components on the surface of leukemia cells and of lymphocytes transformed by mitogens and Epstein-Barr virus.

Lactoperoxidase iodination and two-dimensional electrophoresis of the labeled proteins have demonstrated well-characterized cytoskeletal proteins (actin and tubulins) on the surface of human lymphocytes undergoing blastogenic transformation and of certain malignant human cells. Such proteins could not be detected on the surface of normal resting human lymphocytes. The most prominent cytoskeletal protein identified on the surface membrane of mitogen-transformed T and B lymphocytes was actin. In Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cell lines and in two leukemia cells, the major iodinated membrane protein components were actin and alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-tubulins. These proteins were firmly connected to the cytoplasmic skeleton and could not be removed by Triton X-100. Concurrent immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments confirmed the appearance of cytoskeletal components on the biochemical data, and indicated that such cytoskeletal proteins formed distinctive patterns on the cell surface, ranging from small patches to large projections. Five-hour labeling with [35S]methionine indicates that all such cells released large quantities of labeled actin and tubulins into the culture medium. These materials were not readsorbed to the membrane surfaces of the cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1980

Identification of contractile proteins in basal bodies of ciliated tracheal epithelial cells.

To determine the molecular composition of the components of basal bodies and the interbasal body apparatus of ciliated cells in rat tracheal epithelium, we used rabbit anti-actin, anti-alpha-actinin, anti-tropomyosin, and anti-myosin as primary antisera applied to the tissue in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The antisera was proven to be monospecific by elution of antibody after affinity chromatography. Sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin Fab fragments coupled to peroxidase were used for ultrastructural localization of the bound rabbit antibody. Antibodies against alpha-actinin were demonstrated around peripheral microtubules of cilia and linking these microtubules to central doublet and plasma membrane. Alpha-actinin was also shown in the basal foot processes. Anti-actin antibodies were associated with microtubules of the cilium and basal bodies, except in the region of the ciliary necklace. The antibodies directed against actin also had affinity for rootlets, basal foot processes, and communications between basal bodies and foot processes. Both anti-myosin and anti-tropomyosin antibodies were localized to part of the region of the constriction of the cilium, to the central basal density and the outer surfaces of basal body microtubules, and to the basal foot processes together with their communications to the basal body. The data suggest active contractile function of basal bodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

N,N-dimethylformamide-induced modulation of organ- and tumor-associated markers in cultured human colon carcinoma cells.

Cultured human colon carcinoma cells were induced by the polar solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to express a more differentiated phenotype as indicated by three types of antigen markers. Carcinoembryonic antigen expression in all DMF-induced cell lines was enhanced. Exposure of cells to DMF resulted in a reduction in ability to bind antibody to tumor-derived colon mucoprotein antigen (CMA) with a concomitant gain in binding of antibody to normal CMA. DMF-induced differentiation was further indicated by modulation of blood group antigen expression. DMF treatment decreased the amount of expression of the H-gene determinant. When DMF-treated cells were cultured in the absence of DMF for 14 days, the levels of expression of the antigen markers reverted to those characteristic of their untreated counterparts.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

New directions in peritoneal dialysis concepts and applications.

A limited number of peritoneal capillaries involved in solute exchange during peritoneal dialysis and inaccessible stagnant fluid films within the peritoneal interstitium may account for most resistance to solute transport during peritoneal dialysis. The control of small solute concentrations in blood by intermittent peritoneal dialysis will probably always require 30 to 40 hr/week of treatment even with the most rapid cycling devices. Increased understanding of factors that effect the microcirculation of the peritoneum may allow manipulation of protein losses and optimization of the long-term health of the peritoneum but will probably have little impact on the efficiency of small solute transport. CAPD accepts peritoneal dialysis as a low-efficiency system in terms of small solute clearances and yet yields similar weekly clearances to hemodialysis for small solutes by utilizing continuous dialysis. Large solute clearances with CAPD markedly exceed weekly clearances with hemodialysis.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1980

In vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to lipopolysaccharides.

The effect of several LPSs on the thymidine uptake of lymphocytes from patients with RA was investigated. In contrast to normal controls, the mitogenic response to E. coli 026 B6 LPS by lymphocytes from patients with RA was significantly (2p less than 0.05) diminished. This effect was seen with Con A but not with PHA or PWM. No correlation with peripheral B or T cell percentages or with antibody titers to the LPS was found. The response to LPS was dependent on the species and strain of bacterium from which it was isolated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Anatomy and techniques in segmental splenectomy.

Accumulating clinical experience indicates the desirability of retention of splenic tissue and function. Results of angiographic studies in human and canine spleens demonstrate that intrasplenic vessels are lobar, segmental and, generally, without intersegmental communication. In the dog, bleeding from peripheral region vessels--penicilli, venules and sinuses--is well controlled by either microfibrillar collagen or the neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser. However, larger segmental vessels in the intermediate or hilar regions cannot be controlled by microfibrillar collagen or the neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser and require ligation. Identification of these vessels is greatly facilitated by laser or microfibrillar collagen coagulation of the surrounding splenic tissue. Results of histologic studies at ten, 20 and 30 day healing intervals disclosed no delayed sloughs, hemorrhage or cyst formation. With knowledge of segmental vascular anatomy and the techniques of microfibrillar collagen, neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser incision and coagulation plus aspiration and vessel ligation, segmental or subtotal splenic resection can be readily accomplished in dogs with minimal blood loss.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Single case study. Diazepam (Valium) detoxification.

In the chronic abuser, diazepam (Valium) withdrawal can be a protracted event. In this report a case is presented of a 37-year-old Caucasian female who had been ingesting 60 to 80 mg of diazepam daily for 8 years. Twelve days following discontinuation of the drug, the patient continued to experience diarrhea, restlessness, emotional lability, and anxiety. Serial blood levels of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam were acquired and found to yield significant levels of desmethyldiazepam for 21 days and greater than trace amounts for 30 days. The results were interpreted as consistent with the slow release of the drug from peripheral storage sites. The prolonged period needed for detoxification in this patient raises important question regarding the appropriate length of hospitalization or close supervision required to withdraw the diazepam addict.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Immunologic and coagulation disorders in chlorpromazine-treated patients.

The prevalence of immunologic and coagulation disorders in 75 schizophrenic patients treated with chlorpromazine or other antipsychotic drugs was evaluated. Four groups were studied: Group A, chlorpromazine treatment for more than 2 1/2 years; Group B, chlorpromazine and other antipsychotic drug treatment for more than 2 1/2 years; Group C, chlorpromazine treatment for less than 2 1/2 years; Group D, no chlorpromazine, but other antipsychotic drug treatment. Significant elevation of serum IgM and prolongation of partial thromboplastin time were noted in patients who had long-term chlorpromazine treatment. The latter was caused by a circulating inhibitor resembling that seen with systemic lupus erythematosus. There was a significant correlation between the IgM level versus chlorpromazine dose or duration of treatment and the partial thromboplastin time versus chlorpromazine dose or duration of treatment. In Groups A and B, 63% had a positive antinuclear antibody test (greater than or equal to 1:80), 40% had antibodies to native DNA, and 58% had antibodies to nucleoprotein. These antibodies were negative in the other groups. The percentages of T lymphocytes were below normal in 13 of 41 patients treated with chlopromazine. Twenty of 42 patients in Groups A and B, and none of 28 in Groups C and D had splenomegaly. This study indicates that most patients on long-term chlorpromazine treatment develop one or more immunologic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Membrane retrieval in epithelial cells of isolated thyroid follicles.

Follicles from rat and pig thyroid glands were isolated by digestion with collagenase. The epithelial cells of isolated follicles maintain their structural and functional polarity as shown by incorporation of 3H-leucine and autoradiography. To trace the fate of surface membrane, isolated follicles were opened, stimulated with thyrotropin and incubated for various time intervals with cationized ferritin (CF), uncharged dextran, native ferritin (NF), and latex spheres (0.5 mum in diameter) which were either pre-coated with CF or added together with CF. Uncharged dextran and native ferritin did not bind to the luminal cell membrane, were taken up in small amounts and accumulated in lysosomes; anionic NF was not found in Golgi cisternae in contrast to uncharged dextran which occassionally reached a few Golgi stacks. CF bound rapidly and in clusters to the luminal plasmalemma, preferentially to coated pits, was taken up by endocytosis, accumulated in lysosomes after 5 min and reached the Golgi cisternae after 30 min. Latex spheres were taken up by engulfment through fusion of microvilli and reached the lysosomes. CF particles coating the latex spheres may detach at this station and reach the Golgi cisternae. The findings show that the route of small tracers depends on the charge of the tracer, in agreement with results obtained by Farquhar [8]. Vesicles carrying NF can be traced to lysosomes only, whereas vesicles containing uncharged dextran or - more conspicuously -CF also fuse with Golgi membranes. Large tracers (latex beads) reach only the lysosomes, but CF taken up with them may move to Golgi cisternae.

Animals↗