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Biomedical subjects

F Miller

Publications and source records attributed to F Miller.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The incidence of thromboembolic disease.

The incidence of thromboembolism was determined by a survey of 7986 orthopedic patients who had 5966 operations at a university hospital during a three-year period. Patients were analyzed to determine thromboembolic risks with respect to the orthopedic diagnosis to assist in providing the patient with informed consent and to identify patients who need prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. The patient population was divided into three risk classes: Class 1, low-risk patients, including children, all upper-extremity patients, and adult non-surgical ambulatory rehabilitation patients; Class 2, medium-risk patients, including all adult lower-extremity patients and patients with spine problems and no history of thromboembolic disease; Class 3, high-risk patients, including all patients with a previous history of thromboembolic disease or venous stasis disease. Class 1 patients require no prophylactic anticoagulation, Class 2 patients should be treated with dextran or aspirin, and Class 3 patients should be treated with warfarin. The calculated mortality for Class 2 patients, excluding hip problems, is 0.26%; mortality for acute spinal cord injuries is 2.9% and for hip surgery 2.2%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Potential mechanism of emphysema: alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor recovered from lungs of cigarette smokers contains oxidized methionine and has decreased elastase inhibitory capacity.

The elastase inhibitory capacity per mg of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI) was measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 26 healthy smokers and 24 nonsmokers. Activity was decreased by 40% in smokers' BAL fluid compared to nonsmokers. This effect was demonstrable by using human neutrophil elastase as well as porcine pancreatic elastase as test enzyme (elastase, EC 3.4.21.11) and was reproducible when selected individuals in each group underwent lavage on repeated occasions. In contrast, the functional activity of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was not decreased in smokers' BAL fluid. Crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis confirmed that inactivation of alpha 1 PI was responsible for the decrease in the elastase inhibitory capacity of smokers' BAL fluid. alpha 1 PI purified from smokers' BAL fluids contained methionine sulfoxide (4 mol/mol of inactive alpha 1 PI), whereas alpha 1 PI from nonsmokers' BAL fluid did not. Smokers' alpha 1 PI was indistinguishable from nonsmokers' alpha 1 PI on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, and immunoreactivity. Thus, oxidation of methionine residues in lung alpha 1 PI is associated with cigarette smoking. Because chemical oxidation of alpha 1 PI in vitro causes loss of its elastase inhibitory activity, the present observations suggest that methionine oxidation may also be the cause of decreased functional activity of lung alpha 1 PI in smokers. Oxidative inactivation of alpha 1 PI in the lungs of cigarette smokers may play a role in the development of pulmonary emphysema in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Disaccharidase levels in iron deficient rats at birth and during the nursing and postweaning periods: response to iron treatment.

Newborn rats born to iron deficient mothers (IDM) were found to have significantly lower hemoglobin, sucrase, lactase and maltase levels compared to control newborn rats. Rats born to IDM and nursed by IDM, when sacrificed at 21 days of age, had statistically significantly lower hemoglobin, serum iron, sucrase, lactase and maltase levels compared to control rats. Rats born to IDM, but nursed by iron sufficient mothers (ISM) and sacrificed at 21 days of age, had hemoglobin, serum iron and sucrase levels compared to control rats whereas lactase and maltase were not corrected by 21 days of nursing by ISM. Rats burn to IDM and nursed by either IDM or ISM for 21 days were given intramuscular iron dextran and placed on iron sufficient diet (ISD) for 7 days. These animals experienced correction of the hemoglobin, serum iron, sucrase and maltase levels compared to control rats, whereas intestinal lactase was not corrected by 7 days of ISD and intramuscular iron. Rats born to ISM, nursed by IDM and sacrificed on day 21 had significantly lower hemoglobin, serum iron and intestinal lactase levels compared to control rats. Rats both to ISM and nursed by IDM were given intramuscular iron dextran on day 21 and placed on an ISD from day 21-28. These animals had a return in hemoglobin, serum iron, sucrase and maltase levels comparable to control rats. Rats born to and nursed by ISM and maintained on an iron deficient diet from day 21-84 had significantly lower hemoglobin, serum iron, sucrase, lactase and maltase levels compared to control rats. Rats born to and nursed by ISM, maintained on iron deficient diet from day 21-84, and then given intramuscular iron dextran on day 84 and maintained on an ISD until day 92, experienced correction of the hemoglobin, serum iron and lactase levels compared to control rats. Intramuscular iron and 7 days of ISD did not correct the sucrase and maltase levels in these rats. Lactose tolerance tests in iron deficient rats showed flat curves compared to controls. After iron treatment, lactose tolerance curves returned to control values. Iron deficiency in rats in utero, during the nursing and postweaning period causes, in addition to anemia, a reduction in jejunal disaccharidase activity because of an alteration in the enzymes of the brush border membrane. Varying degrees of reduction and response of certain disaccharidases to iron treatment are dependent on the time of iron deprivation in relationship to the intra-uterine and postnatal development of the digestive and absorptive functions in the small intestine. Alterations in the levels of disaccharidases demonstrated in this paper represents another aspect of the spectrum of biochemical effects of iron deficiency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1982

Role of antigen size and charge in immune complex glomerulonephritis.

To explore the role of size and charge in immune complex glomerulonephritis, a series of sized (10,000-, 70,000-, 500,000-dalton) dextrans was modified by the addition of charged groups (diethylaminoethyl dextran, neutral dextran, dextran sulfate) and administered to mice. The animals developed glomerulonephritis characterized by the deposition of IgA with lesser amounts of IgM and C3. The pattern of glomerular response was charge dependent with neutral antigens eliciting a focal, segmental proliferative response with mesangial deposition in scant amounts. The anionic dextran sulfate led to a diffuse mesangial proliferative picture with heavy deposition. The cationic, diethylaminoethyl-dextran-treated animals showed a marked increase in mesangial matrix with much less proliferation. The importance of this model to mechanisms of complex deposition, i.e., circulating versus in situ, and the potential importance of polysaccharide antigens (this study representing the first active induction of nephritis with this class of substances) is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Maternal, fetal, and neonatal responses after epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, 2-chloroprocaine, or lidocaine.

The effects of epidural analgesia on fetal heart rate, fetal heart rate variability, uterine activity, maternal blood pressure, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid base status, and the early neonatal neurobehavioral status were studied in 150 parturients during labor and delivery. Group I (n = 50) received 0.5% bupivacaine, group II (n = 50) received 2% 2-chloroprocaine, and in group III (n = 50) received 1.5% lidocaine. None of the three local anesthetics used had any significant effect on either base line fetal heart rate, beat-to-beat variability, or uterine activity. In cases in which monitoring of fetal heart rate was both technically satisfactory and continuous, late deceleration patterns were seen in 8 of 42, 0 of 34, and 3 of 47 of the fetuses in group I, II, and III, respectively. The difference in incidence of late deceleration patterns between groups I and II was statistically significant (p less than 0.025). Early neonatal neurobehavioral status did not differ among the three groups of neonates nor did any of the neonates in the three groups score lower than a control group of 20 neonates whose mothers did not receive any analgesia or medications for labor or delivery. It is concluded that epidural anesthesia as administered in this study has no significant effect on the base line fetal heart rate, uterine activity, or neurobehavioral status of the neonate, and that bupivacaine is associated with a higher incidence of what appears to be transient abnormalities of fetal heart rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Protease digestion of colonic mucin. Evidence for the existence of two immunochemically distinct mucins.

Colonic mucin was prepared by phenol-water partition extraction of th colonic mucosa, followed by ethanol precipitation of the water-soluble material, molecular sieve chromatography, and reductive sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis in an agarose-polyacrylamide gradient gel. Although this material as observed to be relatively homogeneous by physical criteria, it was shown to contain at least two components by immunodiffusion. Molecular sieve, ion exchange, adsorption, lectin affinity, and electrophorectic techniques failed to separate the two components. However, by protease digestion employing either 1% w/w pronase or papain, followed by molecular sieve chromatography, we were able to separate at least the portions of the molecules containing the immunodeterminants. Physicochemical and immunologic properties of both components were characteristic of mucins. Mucin A (pronase digest fraction 1 from molecular sieve chromatography) was enriched in threonine, proline, and sialic acid, while mucin B (pronase digest fraction 3 from molecular sieve chromatography) was enriched in serine, alanine, and fucose. Mucin A and mucin b were shown to be immunologically distinct. The evidence suggests that the protease-digested mucin fractions originate from two different mucins, one a sialomucin, the other a fucomucin; however, the alternative explanation, that these two mucin fragments may originate from a single mucin molecule, cannot be ruled out at present.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Baclofen in the treatment of stiff-man syndrome.

Baclofen, 90 mg daily, was given to a patient with stiff-man syndrome diagnosed by electromyography and clinical criteria. The patient, bedridden for three years, experienced a decrease in rigidity, cramping, stiffness, and spasm and was able to walk on the thirtieth day of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Prolonged ileus with acute spinal cord injury responding to metaclopramide.

This is a case report of an acute C-5 complete quadriplegic with prolonged ileus. The ileus resolved only after the administration of metoclopramide. Metoclopramide is a drug that increases gastrointestinal motility, has few significant side effects, and may be of use in decreasing the ileus associated with acute spinal cord injuries.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Normal pregnancy in a patient with a prior postpartum factor VIII inhibitor: with observations on pathogenesis and prognosis.

A 22-yr-old primigravada developed a hemorrhagic diathesis 6 days after delivering a normal female infant and was found to have an immunoglobulin inhibitor of factor VIII (15 Bethesda units). The patient was treated with prednisone and the bleeding stopped soon thereafter. Her inhibitor titer decreased over the next 8 mo, at which time no inhibitor was detectable. Nine months later she became pregnant again and proceeded to have an uneventful pregnancy and delivery of a normal female infant without evidence of a recurrence of the inhibitor. Studies of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the patient's lymphocytes in the presence of her own plasma or plasmas from her husband, normals, a von Willebrand patient, and a hemophilic patient yielded equivocal results. Analysis of VIII:CAg using 2 different antisera failed to discern immunologic differences between the VIII:CAg of the patient, her husband, or her first child. A review of the literature revealed that there were no recurrences with second pregnancies in any of the 8 patients with postpartum factor VIII inhibitors whose inhibitors had completely disappeared prior to delivery. While the pathogenesis of this disorder remains uncertain, the apparently favorable prognosis for such patients should be considered in counselling with regard to future pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Structural and functional polarity of inside-out follicles prepared from pig thyroid gland.

Within 24 h of suspension culture, follicle segments isolated from pig thyroid gland form closed follicular spheres. Their wall consists of a single layer of epithelial cells and is impermeable to various tracers. The structural polarity of all follicle cells is reversed: The apical plasma membrane faces the culture medium and the basal plasmalemma is directed towards the central cavity. The reversed polarity of follicles in suspension culture is retained for several days. Newly synthetized thyroglobulin does not accumulate in the central cavity but is secreted into the culture medium. After stimulation with thyrotropin thyroglobulin is internalized and transferred to lysosomes. The findings show that the reversed bidirectional transport of thyroglobulin coincides with the structural inside-out polarity of reconstituted follicles. After uptake of thyroglobulin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are released by follicle cells and accumulate in the culture medium. The amount of thyroid hormones released depends on the concentration of thyroglobulin available for endocytosis and on the stimulation of inside-out follicles by thyrotropin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of carbachol and isoproterenol on O2 consumption and morphology of isolated acini from rat parotid gland.

Acini from rat parotid gland were isolated by digestion with collagenase. Oxygen consumption rates were measured after stimulation with carbachol and isoproterenol applied either simultaneously or subsequently to each other. The corresponding morphological effects were examined by electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that a) carbachol always induces increased O2 consumption rates with concomitant formation of vacuoles, b) isoproterenol stimulates exocytosis and higher O2 consumption rates only when added before carbachol and c) isoproterenol has no effect when given simultaneously with or subsequently to carbachol.

Animals↗