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Biomedical subjects

F Maillard

Publications and source records attributed to F Maillard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Zopiclone versus triazolam in insomniac geriatric patients: a specific increase in delta sleep with zopiclone.

This double-blind study was performed on 10 aged insomniac patients who received, during 15 days, either triazolam (0.25 mg) or zopiclone (7.5 mg) at bed time. This in-patient period was bounded by two ambulatory periods of 5 days each, and two in-patient periods of 3 days each, during which the patients received a placebo tablet at bed time. Thirteen sleep recordings per patient were performed before (3 nights), upon initiation of active treatment (3 nights), at the end of the active treatment period (3 nights) and during the following 3 "withdrawal" nights. A clear improvement of sleep patterns was observed with both drugs, although opposite effects on delta sleep were observed, namely a decrease with triazolam and an increase with zopiclone. A carry-over effect of the enhancement of delta sleep by zopiclone took place during the first 3 withdrawal nights. As is well known, sleep problems become increasingly common with age. Epidemiological studies show that although they only represent 11% of the population. Americans over 60 years old are prescribed about 40% of sleeping pills (Mendelson, 1980). Disturbed sleep in this population is often associated with medical disorders or induced by drugs like beta-adrenergic blockers. It must be admitted, however, that, possibly due to the association with medical or situational problems there have been only few attempts to assess the efficiency of hypnotic drugs in elderly insomniac patients. These are the reasons why in this study the effectiveness of zopiclone was compared to that of triazolam in insomniac patients aged over 60 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of the effects of zopiclone and placebo on respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency.

Long-term administration of zopiclone in 6 patients with severe chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency with stable ventilatory function did not demonstrate any depressant action on respiratory blood gases recorded during the daytime and in ambient air. The sedative action of this agent was manifested by a modest decrease in ventilatory response parameters which, however, was not statistically significant. Polysomnographic recordings did not reveal any worsening of desaturation periods both with respect to incidence and amplitude. There was a non-significant trend towards an increase in the number of obstructive apnoea episodes without any notable ventilatory impact.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Steady state pharmacokinetics of zopiclone during multiple oral dosing (7.5 mg nocte) in patients with severe chronic renal failure.

Zopiclone is a new hypnotic cyclopyrrolone with a short elimination half-life (5.3 h). The pharmacokinetic profile of this drug was studied in 7 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients given 7.5 mg nocte for 7 consecutive nights. The pharmacokinetic values obtained were compared with the corresponding values found in healthy young volunteers given the same repeated dosage regimen. C max and T max were not significantly different between the two groups but the C min of unchanged zopiclone (at 24 h) post-dosing was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in CRF patients (8.16 +/- 5.34 ng/ml) than in healthy volunteers (1.90 +/- 0.82 ng/ml). The AUC values in CRF patients were also significantly increased during the seventh day (742 +/- 212 h ng/ml) compared to healthy subjects (408 +/- 66.5 h ng/ml) and the elimination half-life of zopiclone was also longer in CRF patients (about 8 h) than in the reference group (about 5 h). Nevertheless, the accumulation ratios remained similar in the two groups (1.09 +/- 0.18 in CRF patients and 1.02 +/- 0.2 in healthy subjects). Thus no evident accumulation of zopiclone appeared in the CRF patients. As in the healthy subjects, no metabolites were detected in the plasma of the CRF patients although at steady state the urinary excretion of zopiclone and its N-oxide and N-desmethyl derivatives (2.03% +/- 1.52% and 1.99 +/- 0.65% of the dose, respectively) was significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects (3.7% +/- 2.1% and 32.6% +/- 4.5%, respectively). Zopiclone thus represents a safe alternative to benzodiazepine hypnotic therapy in patients with renal impairment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus during human growth hormone production.

Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been found in the brains of AIDS patients, the possibility was investigated that preparations of human growth hormone (hGH) extracted from human pituitary glands harbor infectious HIV. It was found that the procedure used for extracting hGH, i.e. a combination of acid pH and 10% ethanol, totally inactivates HIV infectivity.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1988

Human pituitary growth hormone (hGH) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: results of an epidemiological survey in France, 1986.

An epidemiological inquiry has been done in France after the notification in the USA and England of four cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in patients previously treated with hGH. Between 1959, when hGH treatment in France was started, and August 1985, the date the survey began, 1698 patients were registered for treatment. Current information (less than three months old) was obtained for 1620 patients (95.4%). Death was reported in 31 patients, but none could be related to Creutzfeldt-Jakob or similar disease. Pathological events were observed in 213 living patients (13.1%). Among them, four were diseases classified as possibly related to a viral infection. The first case had acute lymphoid leukaemia; the second case had polyradiculoneuritis associated with hepatitis. In both cases the disease resolved completely. Two other patients had acute encephalitis which started less than two years after the onset of treatment and which resolved spontaneously. Even though the acute evolution and the spontaneous clinical recovery are not consistent with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a relationship with hGH therapy could not be completely excluded. Finally, five treated children had later malignancies which raises the question of the long-term secondary effects of hGH upon cellular proliferation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy and perinatal safety of labetalol and methyldopa in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

Labetalol was compared with methyldopa in a randomized controlled trial involving 176 pregnant women with mild to moderate hypertension. Diastolic blood pressure below 86 mmHg was obtained in a similar proportion of women given labetalol or methyldopa. Intrauterine death occurred in four women treated with methyldopa, and the one neonatal death on day 1 occurred in the labetalol group. The average birthweight and the proportion of preterm or small-for-gestational-age babies were similar in both groups. Heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, respiratory rate, and Silverman score of the babies did not differ between the two treatment groups, whether the comparison was made for all the infants, or only for those that were preterm or small-for-gestational-age. These data indicate that maternal beta-blockade with labetalol is as safe as methyldopa for the fetus and the newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of the clinical hypnotic effects of zopiclone and triazolam.

In a double blind crossover therapeutic trial the hypnotic effect of Zopiclone 7.5 mg and Triazolam 0.5 mg given orally at bedtime for 7 consecutive days have been compared. 5 of the items in Spiegel's questionnaire and 12 of the 18 items in Norris' visual analogue scale were significantly more improved by Zopiclone than by Triazolam. Both drugs caused few side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of ultrasound examination during pregnancy in France between 1976 and 1981.

In France, between 1976 and 1981, the use of ultrasound examination during pregnancy increased from 11.3 to 81.8%. In spite of this dramatic increase, many inequalities observed in 1976 still exist in 1981. Despite a decrease in 1981 of the differences in practice in public maternity units and private care units, large differences remained between general practitioners and specialists. In a logistic regression, the type of practitioner responsible for care appeared to be the most important factor determining access to ultrasound examination. Independent of other inequalities in the type of antenatal care, three groups of women remained disadvantaged in 1981: women under 20 years old, grand multiparas and women of low educational level. The latter group was particularly disadvantaged. Obstetric pathology has little influence on the overall distribution of ultrasound examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Maternal effects and perinatal safety of labetalol in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Comparison with methyldopa in a randomized cooperative trial].

Labetalol was compared with methyldopa in a randomised trial involving 176 pregnant women with mild to moderate hypertension. Effective blood pressure control (diastolic pressure below 86 mmHg) was obtained in a similar proportion of mothers given labetalol or methyldopa, but the addition of a complementary treatment to achieve control was less frequently needed in the labetalol than in the methyldopa group (12/91 vs 22/85 p less than 0.05). Side effects were mild and resulted in discontinuation of the randomised treatment in 1 mother given labetalol. Pregnancy was terminated by intrauterine death in 4 mothers given methyldopa, and one neonate born to a patient allocated to labetalol died at day 1. The average birthweight and the proportion of premature delivery or of small for gestational age newborns were similar in both treatment groups. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and blood glucose did not differ between infants born to the mothers of the labetalol and the methyldopa groups, irrespective of gestational age at birth or birthweight. Blood pressure control is more frequently achieved in hypertensive pregnancies with labetalol than with methyldopa as a first line treatment. Labetalol is safe to the fetus and newborn and might offer a better prevention of intrauterine death than methyldopa.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Can the number of cesarean sections be reduced without risk? An analysis of rates and indications in a university clinic.

This study concerns women followed from the first trimester of pregnancy, in a university clinic in Paris in 1977, 1979 and 1981. The cesarean section rate was separately analysed for primiparas, and multiparas with and without previous cesarean section. The overall rate of cesarean section was 11.4% in 1977, 17.2% in 1979 and 21.1% in 1981. The 9.6% increase observed between 1977 and 1981 is mainly attributable to an increase in primary cesarean section, particularly among primiparas, between 1977 and 1979. This does not seem to have arisen from sample variations. There is a change in obstetrical attitude and more cesarean sections are performed in cases of hypertension, breech presentation or intrauterine growth retardation. The greater number of previously sectioned women explains the increase in the rate between 1979 and 1981. The main fact among primiparas is the 18.8% increase in diagnosis of dynamic dystocia between 1979 and 1981. Three key areas allow us to envisage a reduction in cesarean section rate: obstetrical attitude towards previous cesarean section, breech presentation, and management of labor, whose perturbations lead to diagnosis of dynamic dystocia.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1983

[Registration of congenital malformations in Paris. Evaluation and perspectives of a study carried out under the auspices of the European Economic Community].

Since 1976 a registration of congenital malformations has been gradually set in Paris. At present it covers 95% of the births registered in this department which amount to 38,925 births in 1982. Since 1981, it has been extended to include malformations diagnosed during the first month of life in neonatal units in Paris, for residents in Paris, and also a register of therapeutic abortions for congenital abnormalities. It is part of the 17 registers which have been started on the initiative of the European Economic Community. The results of the frequency of different types of congenital malformation are given for the years 1978 to 1982. The value of this register as epidemiological information and the studies that have been carried out with a view to determining aetiology are discussed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗