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Biomedical subjects

F Leynadier

Publications and source records attributed to F Leynadier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Reproducibility of intradermal tests after anaphylaxis caused by muscle relaxants].

Intradermal tests with 5 muscle relaxants were performed on two occasions in 56 patients who had experienced an adverse event during general anaesthesia: anaphylactoid reaction with at least one positive test 19.5 +/- 13.5 months previously in 50 cases; adverse reaction unrelated to muscle relaxants and with negative tests 21 +/- 6.4 months previously in 6 cases. Sixteen healthy subjects who had never been tested served as controls; their tests were all negative. The reproducibility of 244 assessable tests in the 56 patients reached 88.1%. Twenty-three (9.4%) of the tests previously positive had become negative and six (2.5%) of the tests previously negative had become positive. Tests performed with pancuronium or vecuronium had more often become negative (47% and 40% respectively) than those performed with the other 3 muscle relaxants tested (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that skin tests should be repeated prior to general anaesthesia in all patients who previously developed an anaphylactoid reaction to muscle relaxants.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Human basophil degranulation test in liver hydatidosis.

Upon exposure to a specific antigen, granulation of basophils bearing IgE disappears. The aim of this study was to assess the human basophil degranulation (HBD) test with hydatic antigen in 100 patients. Seventy patients were clinically suspected of having liver hydatidosis (LH) (group I). Eight patients had asymptomatic hepatic calcifications. Twenty-two patients had previous surgery for LH (group III). In group I the percentage of HBD was significantly higher in patients with LH (23 of 70) than in patients with other hepatobiliary diseases (P less than 0.001). In group II all patients had negative HBD tests. In group III the test became negative within 8-12 months after radical surgery in four patients, and remained positive in the other 18. These results suggest that the HBD test is useful for the diagnosis of LH. In asymptomatic patients with hepatic calcified cyst, a negative HBD test suggests a dead parasite. In previously operated patients, a positive test suggests persistence of antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prick tests in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis to general anaesthetics.

Pre-charged prick tests and intradermal skin tests (two dilutions) were tested simultaneously in 79 patients using seven drugs (suxamethonium, gallamine, alcuronium, pancuronium, vecuronium, fentanyl and thiopentone) commonly administered during general anaesthesia. Fifty-seven of the patients had suffered anaphylaxis to anaesthetics: 50 had been tested previously (19.5 +/- 13.5 months) by intradermal tests (group 1) and seven were tested for the first time (group 2). Six patients had suffered a side effect during anaesthesia which was unrelated to anaesthetic agents (group 3) and 16 were control subjects (group 4). Prick and intradermal skin tests were simultaneously positive in 98 instances out of 553 (17.7%) and negative in 440 out of 553 (79.6%)--a correlation of 538 out of 553 (97.3%; P less than 0.001). In groups 1, 2 and 3 the correlation was 426 out of 441 (96.6%; P less than 0.001). In group 1, a correlation was observed between the diameters of the weals (r = 0.5; P less than 0.001) obtained by prick and intradermal skin tests, and between the diameters of the flares (r = 0.5; P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Blocking antibodies and desensitization].

Specific IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies synthesis is well known after immunotherapy. IgG4 may act as "blocking antibodies" and IgG1 may inhibit the synthesis of specific IgEs. However, the dosage of these antibodies by a technic using a solid phase is sometimes unreliable. Moreover these technics do not appreciate the functional activity of IgGs, which is best studied by incubating the allergen with IgG and then, measuring the allergen potential (using histamine release or basophil degranulation). Our studies regarding rush immunotherapy with mites by measuring the human basophil degranulation indicate the following: 1. the blocking activity is induced by rush; 2. is significant the 7th day; however there are some individual variations which do not depend on the cumulate dose of the allergens; 3. it is due to IgG and not to IgA or IgM (fractionation on column); 4. it disappears under the effect of the anti-human-IgG antibodies; 5. it increases with the time of incubation but it appears significant activity even at time 0 min. We conclude that the role of these IgGs during rush to mite is fundamental.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1986

Blocking IgG antibodies after rush immunotherapy with mites.

The synthesis of blocking antibodies has been demonstrated in ten patients undergoing rush immunotherapy (R-IT) with mite extracts: basophil degranulation performed on washed cells (Allergolam technique) did not differ significantly before and 10.8 (+/- 6.8) months after R-IT. Preincubation of allergen (100, 25, 10, and 5 micrograms/mL) with individual serum collected before R-IT did not decrease degranulation, but degranulation was significantly decreased when the allergen was incubated 30 minutes at 37 degrees C with individual serum collected after R-IT or with the IgG-fraction of a pool of sera collected in 22 treated patients. A linear correlation between the mean of degranulation and the log allergen concentration was observed in the two latter groups. The antigen neutralizing capacity of the IgG-fraction was studied on basophils of 11 "allergic donors." Antigen neutralizing capacity clearly increased with time of incubation with the allergen (15, 30, and 60 min), but was also significant without preincubation, eg, for 10 and 5 micrograms/mL allergen concentrations. These results indicate that the improvement of asthma usually noticed 2 months after R-IT is probably due, essentially, to blocking antibodies, since the sensitivity of the basophils is not modified significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Anaphylactoid accidents during general anesthesia. Apropos of 55 cases].

Analysis of fifty-five anaphylactoid accidents during general anesthesia (GA) in fifty patients shows significant female predominance (70%), relatively frequent allergic predisposition (34% as compared to 14.3% in a normal population) and fairly frequent responsibility of suxamethonium and succinylcholine. One or more, even recent, previous GAs do not seem to enhance the risk. 50% of intradermal skin tests to different anesthetics were negative, 40% were positive and consistent with clinical history, and 10% were positive but inconsistent clinically. Biological tests (basophil degranulation, lymphoblast rosettes, in vitro consumption of complement) were negative. Physiopathological mechanisms remain uncertain, whether they involve IgE allergy or complement activation. The frequency and severity of these unpredictable accidents must stimulate clinical and biological research in this field.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tests for allergy to housedust.

In an attempt to find a satisfactory combination of method and antigen extract for tests of hypersensitivity to housedust, variations of skin test, RAST, histamine release and basophil degranulation tests have been used to test efficacy of five commonly used extracts of housedust or its components. The Lincoln Multitest for skin prick tests in its present form induced too much trauma for type-I hypersensitivity tests, though it has advantages for comparison of several extracts. Histamine release and two versions of basophil degranulation tests all gave good results but not consistently. RAST gave the best correlation between all extracts, but neither the in vivo nor in vitro tests gave perfect concordance with sensitivity in all patients and all extracts.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnostic value of the human basophil degranulation test in schistosomiasis].

The human basophil degranulation test (HBDT) was applied to the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. In 120 cases confirmed by parasitological examination, the test was shown to be extremely sensitive (90% clearly positive responses) and specific. The total immunoglobulin E levels were higher in infested subjects (average value: 2,000 IU/ml) compared to an average of 500 IU/ml in control subjects. However, wide individual variations were observed and other parasitoses can also produce considerable increases. The measurement of specific IgE showed a clear response with high positive levels in patients with bilharziasis whereas the response was always negative in the controls.

Adult↗