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Biomedical subjects

F Kokot

Publications and source records attributed to F Kokot.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Water immersion-induced alterations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level and its relationship to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin secretion in acute and chronic renal failure.

Water immersion (WI)-induced alterations of circulating plasma volume (PV), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma levels of aldosterone (Ald), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were examined in 12 patients with noninflammatory acute renal failure (ARF) at the anuric/oliguric phase, in 20 hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure and in 15 healthy subjects. Patients with acute and chronic renal failure showed significantly elevated basal ANP concentrations (138.67 +/- 12.88 and 295.8 +/- 21.87 pg/ml, respectively) as compared with normals (74.54 +/- 4.1 pg/ml) and significantly elevated PRA (20.85 +/- 3.24 and 6.60 +/- 0.94 ng/ml/h, respectively versus 2.33 +/- 0.31 ng/ml/h), plasma levels of Ald (16.11 +/- 1.26 and 18.11 +/- 1.58 ng/dl, respectively versus 12.71 +/- 1.03 ng/dl) and AVP (6.95 +/- 0.62 and 6.08 +/- 0.54 pg/ml, respectively versus 2.68 +/- 0.48 pg/ml). After 2 hrs of WI a significant decline of PRA, Ald and AVP but an increase of ANP was noted in all examined groups. The absolute WI-induced increase in plasma ANP was significantly less marked in uremic patients than in normals. The endocrine profile of patients with ARF differed only quantitatively from that of patients with CRF both under basal and WI conditions. WI was followed by a significant increase of PV which was significantly more marked in patients with ARF (+ 16.42 +/- 1.73%) than in CRF (10.57 +/- 0.37%) and in normals (+11.3 +/- 1.6%). Only in healthy subjects a significant correlation was found between WI-induced changes of PV and ANP, PRA and Ald, and between PRA and AVP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in heart transplant patients.

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALD) and vasopressin (VP) were assessed in six heart transplant patients (HTP) and ten healthy subjects under bed rest conditions and 60 and 120 minutes after head-out water immersion (WI). Bed rest had no significant influence on these parameters. WI raised plasma volume (PV) to the same extent in both groups. This increase of PV was accompanied by significant suppression of PRA, ALD and VP and an increase of plasma ANP. In HTP basal plasma ANP was significantly elevated and the ANP response to central hypervolemia reduced. Significantly elevated VP plasma levels were also found in HTP. These endocrine abnormalities in HTP seem to be caused by latent failure of the transplanted heart. No direct correlation was found between plasma ANP and PRA, ALD and VP under basal conditions and after WI in either HTP or normals.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Renal response to central volume expansion induced by water immersion (WI) in heart transplant patients.

This work was aimed to assess the secretion of volume related hormones in heart transplant patients (HTP) and their relationship to excretory renal function studied under bed rest and water immersion conditions. Fractional sodium (FENa%) and potassium (FEK%) clearance, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (Ald), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were estimated in six HTP with moderate renal failure (C creat = 69 +/- 6.9 ml/min) and in 10 healthy subjects (N) (C creat = 110 +/- 2.0 ml/min). All HTP were treated with cyclosporine A and azathioprine. In HTP basal AVP (6.18 +/- 0.92 pg/ml) and ANP (138.17 +/- 14.69 pg/ml) levels were significantly higher than in normals (2.07 +/- 0.11 pg/ml and 74.10 +/- 7.10 pg/ml, respectively). HTP were also characterized by increased FENa% and FEK% both under bed rest (DI) and water immersion (WI) conditions. As abnormalities of excretory renal function in HTP were not significantly related to the plasma endocrine profiles factors other than PRA, Ald, AVP and ANP seemed to be also involved in their pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Adrenal cortex function in patients after kidney transplantation treated with cyclosporin A with prednisone or Azathioprine with prednisone].

Cortisol and aldosterone secretion following an intravenous injection of 0.25 mg of Synacthen was investigated in 12 patients with renal transplants, treated with azathioprine and prednisone (the "azathioprine group") and in 16 kidney-transplanted patients treated with cyclosporin A and prednisone (the "cyclosporin group"), as well as in 12 healthy control subjects. Statistically significant low cortisol and aldosterone levels under basal conditions was found in both groups of patients with renal transplants as well as a significantly lower reactivity of cortisol secretion and a moderately lower reactivity of aldosterone secretion after Synacthen administration. The protocol of the immunosuppression employed had no effect on the severity of the hormonal abnormalities found.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1989

Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on plasma vitamin D and calcitonin levels in humans.

In 13 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in 10 normotensive controls, the influence of ultraviolet irradiation on plasma calcium, phosphorus, 25-OH-D, 1,25(OH)2D and calcitonin (CT) was studied. The basal levels of total calcium (2.47 +/- 0.02 mmol/liter) and phosphorus (1.10 +/- 0.04 mmol/liter) in patients with essential hypertension were not different from the control subjects (2.49 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter and 1.22 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter, respectively). However, patients with essential hypertension had elevated levels of 25-OH-D (68.09 +/- 7.48 vs. 26.51 +/- 3.3 mg/ml), 1,25(OH)2D (175.15 +/- 32.5 pmol/liter vs. 118.0 +/- 13.23 pmol/liter) and CT (131.7 +/- 32.36 pg/ml vs. 49.0 +/- 18.62 pg/ml) than in control subjects. In contrast to normotensive subjects, the majority of hypertensive patients showed no rise of plasma 25-OH-D and 1,25(OH)2D in response to ultraviolet irradiation. The results of this study suggest involvement of abnormal vitamin D metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension, at least in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in aldosterone and cortisol secretion and serum thyroxine levels in patients with active urolithiasis].

The changes in calcemia and calciuria levels following low calcium diet have been studied in 35 patients with active urolithiasis and in 20 healthy subjects. Blood serum concentrations of thyroxine, cortisol and aldosterone in basal conditions as well as cortisol and aldosterone following stimulation with synacten were determined in addition. The levels of calcemia and calciuria (2.56 +/- 0.015 mmol/l and 4.70 +/- 0.41 mmol/10 mmoles of creatinine, respectively) were found to be significantly higher in patients with active urolithiasis than in healthy subjects. In addition, in patients with urolithiasis the basal blood serum concentrations of thyroxine and aldosterone were significantly higher than in healthy subjects, while the reactivity of cortisol and aldosterone secretion to synacten stimulation was normal. The results obtained suggest the participation of the described hormonal aberrations in the pathogenesis of active urolithiasis.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1989

[Serum levels of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Blood serum levels of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate have been measured in basal condition and following intravenous administration of calcium in 31 patients with diabetes of type I, in 31 patients with diabetes of type II and in 29 healthy subjects. The level of 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol was measured in all these patients in basal condition only. It was found that the basal calcitonin level was significantly higher in patients with both types of diabetes than in healthy subjects. The administration of calcium caused a significantly higher increase in the blood calcitonin level in patients with type I diabetes than in those with type II diabetes. It was found in addition that in women with type II diabetes blood serum level of parathyroid hormone was significantly higher than that in men suffering from diabetes of the same type, suggesting the participation of some sex-related factor in the pathogenesis of the abnormal parathyroid level in these patients.

Calcifediol↗
PubMed1989

[Selected indicators of calcium-phosphate metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus].

The changes in blood serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, total activity of alkaline phosphatase and the activity of its bone fraction, as well as urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and oxalate have been measured in 31 patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes, in 31 patients with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes and in 29 healthy subjects in the condition of low-calcium diet. The elevated urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and oxalate, lowered blood serum level of magnesium, and increased total and bone fraction activities of alkaline phosphatase were found in diabetic patients. The urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline, and the activity of bone fraction alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in patients with type II diabetes than in those with type I diabetes. It was concluded that there is a significant relation between the state of metabolic normalization of diabetes and the degree of biochemical aberrations concerning calcium-phosphate metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of propranolol therapy on the secretion of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in patients with essential hypertension].

A group of 20 patients with primary hypertension (NT) were studied for the influence of six-week propranolol therapy on the secretion of immunoreactive insulin (IR-I), gastrin glucagon (IR-G) and pancreatic polypeptide (IR-PP) induced by a high-fat test meal. The results of the examination before the therapy were compared with examination of 10 healthy persons. Before the therapy, the patients with NT revealed a decreased reactivity of IR-PP to the food stimulus. After propranolol therapy, the authors found a significant change of glucagonemia profile and pancreatic polypeptide concentration induced by a test meal. The results of the examinations made suggest a direct or indirect participation of beta-adrenergic endings in the regulation of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in patients with primary hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Beta 2 microglobulin in the blood pf patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation].

Beta 2-microglobulin serum concentration was measured in 25 patients on chronic haemodialysis with end stage renal failure, in 52 patients with renal transplant and in 26 healthy control subjects. In hemodialysed patients with end stage renal failure the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin was 15-20 times, and in patients with renal transplant 3-4 times that of healthy controls. Elevated serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration in patients with renal transplant seems to depend not only on the kind of immunosuppression applied but also on other factors, such as, for instance, the functional efficiency of the transplanted kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic value of the captopril test in patients with arterial hypertension].

In 30 patients with renovascular hypertension, 50 with hypertension in a course of arteries, 71 hypertensive subjects with coexisting parenchymal nephropathy and in 63 with primary hypertension the captopril test was performed after 8 hours night rest and within high sodium diet. Positive test result was stated in 76.67% of patients with renovascular hypertension, in 70.59% of patients with arteritis, in 53.52% of patients with hypertension and coexisting parenchymal nephropathy and in 63.49% of patients with primary hypertension. Significant correlation between increase of plasma renin activity and blood pressure decrease after captopril administration was only stated in patients with renovascular hypertension and in those with arteritis. Results of performed studies impaired the captopril test value in diagnostics of renin-dependent hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Normalization of serum prolactin levels in hemodialysis patients on recombinant human erythropoietin.

Correction of anemia in long-term hemodialysis patients by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) has been reported to improve sexual function. As elevated serum prolactin levels are believed to contribute to altered sexual function in uremia, we followed serum prolactin and testosterone levels during four months of r-HuEPO therapy. Within these four months, hematocrit values rose from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2% and hemoglobin from 7.3 +/- 0.3 to 11.3 +/- 0.4 g/100 ml. In parallel, serum prolactin values decreased significantly, from 66.9 +/- 9.3 to 9.6 +/- 2.6 ng/ml in females and from 39.5 +/- 10.5 to 10.3 +/- 1.0 ng/ml in male dialysis patients. Testosterone concentrations were in the lower normal range in male patients and remained unchanged during r-HuEPO therapy. Sexual function improved in four out of seven males, and five out of nine female patients started to have regular menstruations again. It appears that treatment of anemia in end-stage renal disease by r-HuEPO may improve sexual function by lowering elevated serum prolactin concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Improved sexual function in hemodialysis patients on recombinant erythropoietin: a possible role for prolactin.

As it was reported that correction of anemia in long-term hemodialysis patients by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) is associated with improved sexual function, we conducted the present study to further delineate the mechanism(s) by which this is brought about. Serum prolactin, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were followed during 4 months of r-HuEPO therapy. Within 4 months of treatment with r-HuEPO, hematocrit values rose from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2% and hemoglobin increased from 7.3 +/- 0.3 to 11.3 +/- 0.4 g/100 ml. In parallel, serum prolactin values decreased significantly from 66.9 +/- 9.3 to 9.6 +/- 2.6 ng/ml in females and from 39.5 +/- 10.5 to 10.3 +/- 1.0 ng/ml in male dialysis patients. Testosterone concentrations were low in male patients and remained unchanged during r-HuEPO therapy. Baseline PTH values were elevated (1,880 +/- 220 pg/ml) in patients of both sexes and declined to 1,410 +/- 180 pg/ml during treatment with r-HuEPO. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Sexual function improved in 4 out of 7 males and 5 out of 9 female patients began to menstruate regularly again. It appears that treatment of anemia in end-stage renal disease by r-HuEPO improves sexual function via normalization of elevated serum prolactin concentrations.

Adult↗