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Biomedical subjects

F Kokot

Publications and source records attributed to F Kokot.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Effects of water immersion and captopril on secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension].

In 31 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in 21 healthy subjects, the influence of water immersion (WI) on arterial blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide was examined after administration of captopril. In other 15 patients with EH and 25 healthy subjects, the influence of WI without captopril pretreatment on the above mentioned parameters was assessed. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration did not differ in patients with EH and in healthy subjects. In contrast, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was significantly higher but its response to WI-induced "central hypervolemia" significantly less marked in patients with EH than in healthy subjects. Results obtained in this study do not confirm presence of a tight interrelationship between atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system both in patients with EH and in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA) and vasopressin secretion in patients with chronic renal failure].

Influence of blockade converting enzyme on plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and vasopressin secretion in 12 hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure and in 21 healthy subjects was observed. Our observation were provided during bed rest and water immersion tests. We didn't observe statistically significant influence PRA (increase after converting enzyme blockade) on vasopressin secretion in patients with chronic renal failure and in healthy subjects. Correlation between PRA and vasopressin secretion was absent.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Plasma erythropoietin levels of kidney transplant patients in the early period after transplantation].

Plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels were assessed in 51 uraemic patients immediately after kidney transplantations and in 16 healthy subjects. Before transplantation EPO levels were significantly higher than in normals. In patients with acute renal failure of the transplanted kidney, a significant increase of plasma EPO level was noticed. Such an increase of plasma EPO was absent in patients with a normally functioning kidney transplant. In these last patients normalization of plasma EPO was found during the first month after transplantation. No significant correlation was found between plasma EPO level and the haematocrit value in kidney transplant patients. From results obtained in this study it seems, that factors other than EPO are also involved in the pathogenesis of anaemia in patients at the early phase after kidney transplantation.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

[Plasma erythropoietin levels in patients with stabilized function of the transplanted kidney].

Plasma erythropoietin level was assessed in 96 kidney transplant patients with stabilized function of the graft 3 months up to 5 years after transplantation and in 16 healthy subjects. In kidney transplant patients on CyA or azathioprine respectively, plasma erythropoietin levels were significantly higher during the first three months after transplantation than in normals. Normalization of erythropoietin levels were observed 6 to 12 month after kidney transplantation. As compared with patients on CyA, in azathioprine treated patients plasma erythropoietin levels were significantly higher 12 to 60 months after transplantation. These elevated erythropoietin levels in azathioprine treated patients seem to be due also to factors other than higher prednisone dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Plasma erythropoietin levels in kidney transplant patients with impaired function of the renal graft].

In 81 patients with failing kidney transplant, plasma levels of erythropoietin, iron, ferritin and TIBC were assessed. Progression of failure of the excretory function of the kidney transplant was accompanied by decreasing Hb and Ht values but increasing plasma levels of erythropoietin. In all examined patients presence of iron deficiency could be excluded. Results obtained in this study suggest that relative erythropoietin deficiency is the major cause of anaemia in patient with a failing kidney transplant.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

[Plasma erythropoietin levels in patients with noninflammatory acute renal failure].

Plasma levels of erythropoietin (EPO) were estimated in 14 patients with noninflammatory acute renal failure during the oliguric anuric and polyuric phase respectively. During the anuric oliguric phase plasma EPO levels were 4 times higher than in healthy subjects, while during the polyuric phase normal plasma levels were found in spite of the presence of anaemia. Results presented in this paper suggest presence of an abnormal feedback between EPO secretion and degree of anaemia in patients with acute noninflammatory renal failure both during the anuric/oliguric and polyuric phase respectively. Abnormal EPO secretion does not seem to be the only or even dominant factor involved in the pathogenesis of anaemia in patients with noninflammatory acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

[Essential hypertension. Treatment with nifedipine and levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and prolactin].

In 40 patients (pts) with essential hypertension (EH) the plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and prolactin during 2 week therapy with nifedipine were evaluated. In pts with EH there were higher levels of hormones than in control subjects. During nifedipine therapy there was no elevation of the plasma hormone levels although the blood pressure was lowered. This study shows that there are other than hypertension factors in the pathogenesis of elevated hormone levels in EH.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of erythropoietin treatment on endocrine organ function in patients with terminal-stage kidney failure on hemodialysis].

Eleven hemodialyzed patients with uremia were examined for the effect of erythropoietin (EP) treatment carried out for 3 months on functions of different endocrine organs. EP treatment resulted in a decrease of the initial plasma levels of somatotropin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones. EP treatment being over, there was a decrease in the plasma content of ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone. The treatment with EP was also associated with an insignificant rise of the plasma levels of parathyroid hormone and testosterone. EP treatment did not influence the plasma concentration of calcitonin and 25-OH-D. EP was found to exert no significant effect on the pituitary-thyroid reverse relationship. The 3-month treatment with EP eventuated in plasma renin activity inhibition as well as in an increase of the atrial level of natriuretic peptide in the plasma. EP treatment stimulated insulin secretion and reduced glucagon secretion. Finally, EP decreased the gastrin level and to a less degree the plasma level of pancreatic polypeptide.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of water immersion on the cortisol, glucose, growth hormone and prolactin levels in patients with transplanted heart].

In 6 heart transplant patients (HTP) and in ten healthy subjects the influence of head out water immersion (WI) on blood levels of glucose, cortisol, somatotropic hormone (HGH) and prolactin was examined. Under baseline conditions. HTP showed similar blood levels of the above mentioned parameters as normals. After WI a significant increase of blood HGH but decrease of blood cortisol and prolactin were found in both examined groups. HTP differed from healthy subjects only by a less marked decline of blood cortisol induced by WI. Data obtained in this study suggest presence of a preserved physiological endocrine response of HTP to WI.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prolactin secretion in kidney transplant patients.

In 27 male patients with a functioning kidney transplant and in 12 healthy male subjects plasma prolactin levels were estimated under baseline, inhibitory and stimulatory conditions, respectively. Kidney transplant patients (KTP) showed normal baseline plasma levels of prolactin, and a normal response of prolactinaemia to alpha-bromocriptine. In contrast, administration of chlorpromazine was followed by an exaggerated response of prolactin secretion in KTP as compared with normals. Type of immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine A or azathioprine) did not influence significantly the plasma prolactin profile in KTP under either inhibitory or stimulatory conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Water immersion induced alterations of plasma vasopressin levels and activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in noninflammatory acute renal failure and end-stage renal failure.

UNLABELLED: Water immersion (WI) induced alterations of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (Aldo), vasopressin (AVP), sodium and potassium concentrations and plasma volume (PV) were examined in 12 patients with noninflammatory acute renal failure (NARF) in the anuric/oliguric phase, in 20 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 15 healthy subjects. In all examined groups a significant increase of PV and decrease of PRA, plasma Aldo, AVP after WI were observed. Significantly more marked decreases of PRA were observed in patients with NARF than in those with CRF and in healthy subjects. In patients with NARF the increase of PV was significantly greater than in CRF and in healthy subjects. In patients with NARF a significantly more marked decrease of plasma sodium concentration was also noted after WI than in subjects with CRF and in normals. Only in healthy subjects was a significant negative correlation noted between the WI increase of PV and decrease of plasma AVP level. In healthy subjects, significantly positive correlations were noted between WI induced decrease of PRA and Aldo and between PRA and plasma AVP, respectively. Such correlations were absent in uraemic patients. IN CONCLUSION: (1) patients with CRF and NARF show similar, but quantitatively different responses of PRA, Aldo and AVP secretion to WI as compared with normals; (2) patients with NARF and CRF are characterized by an inappropriate volumetric and osmotic regulation of AVP secretion; (3) in uraemic patients the physiological relationship between the renin-angiotensin system and AVP secretion seems to be dissociated.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Acute renal failure in man: new aspects concerning pathogenesis. A morphometric study.

The morphometric investigation of the proximal and distal tubules, the cortical interstitium, the intertubular capillaries, the renal corpuscles and the juxtaglomerular apparatuses (JGAs) in 56 cases in the oligoanuric, polyuric, and normuric phases of human acute renal failure (ARF), 6 cases of myeloma kidney with clinically confirmed ARF and 21 control kidneys revealed the following: (1) The main pathological change in human ARF is swelling of the epithelial cells of the proximal and distal tubules. Necrosis of these cells was observed in some cases but usually only as single cell necroses. (2) The interstitium of the cortex and of the outer stripe of the outer medulla is significantly widened in most cases of ARF. (3) In proximal tubules proximal to occluding casts (which were observed only in the plasmacytoma cases), the lumina are not widened but are narrower than normal, and the cross-sectional area of the epithelium is not greater but smaller than normal. (4) The JGAs were significantly larger in kidneys in the oligoanuric phase of ARF (with 1 exception) than in normal kidneys. In the normuric and polyuric phases they were slightly (not significantly) smaller than normal. In myeloma kidneys with occluding casts and/or diffuse interstitial fibrosis, the JGAs were significantly smaller than normal. From these findings it is concluded that: (1) The fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the postshock phase of ARF is not caused by nonselective back-diffusion of the primary urine through necrotic tubules or by compression of the lumina of the proximal and distal tubules by interstitial edema. A fall in GFR associated with occluding casts in the distal tubules is found only in the myeloma kidney and does not lead to widening of the proximal tubules but to tubular atrophy and narrowing of the lumen. (2) The casts seen in the lumina of the ascending limb of Henle's loop in some cases of ARF, which consist of hemoglobin, Tamm-Horsfall protein or desquamated blebs, do not occlude the lumen, since they are not associated with atrophy or luminal dilatation of the proximal tubules. (3) The JGAs with their secretory product renin-angiotensin II, together with adenosine, which is released in kidneys with ischemic or toxic damage, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ARF. (4) In myeloma kidneys with ARF, in which the JGAs are markedly atrophic, the potentiated effect of adenosine that has been observed with a chronic absence of urine flow probably leads to a progressive, irreversible drop in GFR associated with tubular atrophy.

ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6↗
PubMed1990

Endocrine alterations in kidney transplant patients.

Several factors are involved in the persistence of endocrine alterations after renal transplantation, among which the following are to be mentioned: (1) duration of chronic uraemia before renal transplantation; (2) residual function of the patients' native kidneys; (3) quality of function of the renal graft; (4) modulation of secretion, transport, and degradation of hormones, and/or (5) altered target organ responsiveness to hormones induced by immunosuppressive drugs (glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclosporin A) or altered internal environment. In kidney transplant patients the following endocrine abnormalities are to be mentioned: dissociation of the physiological relationship between aldosterone synthesis and function of the renin-angiotensin system, abnormal volumetric regulation of arginine vasopressin secretion, suppressed responsiveness of cortisol secretion to stimulatory manoeuvres, persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism, relative deficiency of insulin (induced by glucocorticoid therapy), with consequent carbohydrate intolerance or even diabetes mellitus, suppressed response of gastrin and pancreatic hormone secretion to a test meal, and reduced responsiveness of atrial natriuretic peptide secretion to central hypervolaemia. Episodes of acute graft rejection are characterized by endocrine alterations similar to those seen in patients with acute or chronic renal failure.

Hormones↗
PubMed1990

Endocrine function of the pancreas and gastrin secretion in patients with a kidney transplant.

In 24 patients with a kidney transplant and in 10 healthy subjects the test meal response of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon (IR-G), pancreatic polypeptide (IR-PP) and gastrin (IR-Ga) was studied. Patients with a kidney transplant showed significantly elevated basal plasma glucagon levels but normal levels of plasma IRI, IR-PP and IR-Ga. After administration of a test meal a significantly suppressed response of IRI, IR-PP and IR-Ga secretion was observed both in the patients treated with azathioprine as well as those treated with ciclosporin. In patients of the ciclosporin group the compromised response of IR-Ga and IRI secretion was significantly more marked than in subjects in the azathioprine group. From the results obtained in this paper it follows that the type of immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine or ciclosporin) seems to be of minor importance in the pathogenesis of the described endocrine abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Influence of erythropoietin treatment on follitropin and lutropin response to luliberin and plasma testosterone levels in haemodialyzed patients.

Plasma levels of follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH) and testosterone (TE) were estimated in 5 anaemic haemodialyzed patients before and after 3 months of erythropoietin treatment (EPO group), in 5 male haemodialyzed patients with a haematocrit value of 33% (which was of the same magnitude as the post-treatment haematocrit value in the EPO group) and in 15 male healthy subjects. After EPO treatment, haematocrit values rose from 23.0 +/- 0.9 to 34.6 +/- 0.75%. EPO treatment induced a significant suppression of basal plasma FSH and LH levels, while plasma TE levels slightly increased. After EPO treatment, the response of plasma FSH and LH to luliberin administration was significantly reduced. As the endocrine profile of EPO-treated patients differed from that of haemodialyzed patients showing a similar haematocrit value, it seems that EPO-induced hormonal changes are not or not only related to improvement of anaemia. Normalization of the pituitary-gonadal feedback in EPO treatment seems to participate in the pathogenesis of improved sexual activity in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Influence of erythropoietin treatment on plasma renin activity, aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in haemodialyzed patients.

In 5 haemodialyzed patients the influence of 3 months' erythropoietin (EPO) treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (Ald), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was studied. Results were compared with those obtained in 7 uraemic patients showing a similar haematocrit value as patients after EPO therapy and with those obtained in 10 healthy subjects. EPO treatment did not influence significantly blood pressure but was suppressing PRA and plasma Ald levels, and raising plasma ANP concentrations. EPO treatment was without influence on AVP plasma levels. Data obtained in this study suggest that EPO-induced endocrine alterations are not due to increased blood volume and only partially related to improvement of uraemic anaemia.

Adult↗