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Biomedical subjects

F Jung

Publications and source records attributed to F Jung.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The role of plasma hyperviscosity in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease).

Five haemorheological variables (haematocrit, plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, red cell deformability and yield shear stress) and the plasma fibrinogen concentration were determined in blood samples from 21 untreated patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE, Binswanger's disease). The results were compared with those obtained in blood samples from 40 untreated patients with lacunar infarcts and from 275 healthy control subjects without vascular risk factors. Pathological ("solid body") flow behaviour was detected in the blood of both groups of patients (SAE and lacunar infarcts). However, highly elevated plasma viscosity was a consistent feature only of SAE. The authors present the hypothesis that the high plasma viscosity in patients with SAE may account for the progressive degeneration of cerebral white matter. It is postulated that microcirculatory abnormalities due to microrheological changes may be one of the many missing links in the pathophysiology of SAE.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1987

[Hemorheologic, micro- and macrocirculatory effects of hypervolemic infusions of middle molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (10%, 200,000/0.62) in healthy probands].

During an open clinical trial the influence of hypervolemic hemodilution (Infusion of 500 cc Elohäst within 1 h) on macrocirculation, microcirculation and blood fluidity of healthy volunteers was investigated. Blood pressure and heart rate remained constant during the infusion period and later on. The decline in hematocrit after 6 h was four points, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, however, increased significantly. Three hours after completion of the infusion a significantly elevated blood flow in the common carotid artery could be assessed with a return to approximately normal values after 6 h. The improvement of the microcirculatory flow took a longer period of time. After 6 h a significantly increased erythrocyte velocity in the nailfold capillaries along with a significant augmentation of transcutaneously measured partial oxygen pressure could be stated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hemorrheological, micro- and macrocirculatory effects of naftidrofuryl in an acute study: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind individual comparison.

In an intraindividual comparison, the effects of a single dose of 600 mg naftidrofuryl on the fluidity of blood, the conjunctival and transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen and blood flow through the micro- and macrocirculation were compared with placebo, given in random order to a group of 10 women, apparently healthy apart from showing hemorrheological abnormalities. There were significant increases in erythrocyte deformability, conjunctival partial pressure of oxygen, mean blood flow in the common carotid and femoral arteries. All increases were significant compared to both the initial values and the data in the placebo group. The maximal effect was observed after 1.5 h (capillary erythrocyte velocity, blood flow in the common carotid artery) or 3 h (conjunctival partial pressure of oxygen, blood flow in the femoral artery). After 4.5 h all effects had disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Conservative drug therapy and walking exercise in stage IIb peripheral arterial occlusion disease.

In cases of peripheral arterial occlusion disease in Fontaine's stage IIb (PAOD IIb) with a walking distance of less than 200 m, the therapy that has priority, besides removing risk factors, is physical exercise. Very often it seems that concomitant rheological treatment with drugs is advisable to support the therapy and to improve compliance. The experience gained in the last 30 months in the treatment of PAOD IIb in a large angiological outpatient establishment is presented. All the patients were given thorough medical examination before the start of the therapy, and their angiological and rheological status was recorded. Depending on the results of the examinations, the patients with PAOD IIb were given one of three treatment variants: Patients with a haematocrit less than 43% and moderately altered rheology (group I; therapy: physical exercise). Patients with a haematocrit less than 43% and severely altered rheology, in particular increased erythrocyte rigidity (group II; therapy: physical exercise combined with naftidrofuryl treatment). Patients with a haematocrit of 43% or more and severely altered rheology (group III; therapy: physical exercise with haemodilution combined with naftidrofuryl treatment). Before the drug treatment was started, the possibility of surgical reconstruction of the vessels or angioplasty was discussed and the conservative therapy was undertaken only after surgery or when surgery had been rejected. Every course of treatment included reducing the risk factors as far as possible. All three conservative therapies were implemented for a period of at least 6 months. The increase in the walking distance was 157% (n = 27) after physical exercise alone, 238% (n = 27) with the naftidrofuryl combination therapy and 311% (n = 27) with the naftidrofuryl/haemodilution combination therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

On haemodilution therapy for patients with sudden loss of hearing: clinical and rheological results.

In cases of sudden loss of hearing, it must be assumed that a microcirculatory disturbance is involved, on the basis of a vasospasm of the afferent blood vessels and a "sludging phenomenon" in the region of the distal end-arteries of the cochlea. The microcirculatory disturbance results in an impairment of the O2 concentration in the perilymph, which can bring about disturbances, which are usually of short duration, and reversible changes in metabolism and structure of the hair cells. For this reason the therapeutic objective should be a reduction in the blood viscosity and flow resistance, plus a reduction in surface tension and an influence on the glycogenolytic metabolism of the erythrocytes. The therapeutic concept here is to be sought in a hypervolaemic haemodilution therapy with plasma substitutes. Care should be taken in the selection of the plasma substitute that not only parameters crucial to the macrocirculation are influenced, such as PCV and whole blood viscosity, but also those significant for the microcirculation, such as plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation. A rheologically effective plasma expander would appear to have been found in the 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5, which together with naftidrofuryl would appear to be a proven agent in the combination therapy for sudden loss of hearing, due to its positive effect on plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, as shown by the significantly better mean increase in hearing on completion of therapy.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sex, age, body weight, and smoking on plasma viscosity.

The influence of age, sex, smoking, and body weight on blood plasma viscosity of a group of 639 healthy subjects was investigated in a randomized study. In order to determine the individual effects on a homogeneous collective of healthy subjects, all participants of this field study had to undergo physical examination, laboratory analysis, doppler sonography, and they were asked for a health history. The presence of disease or a disorder eliminated the participant from the study. Plasma viscosity was measured with the capillary tube plasma viscometer. Quality control according to clinical chemistry guidelines was conducted throughout the study to ensure the accuracy of the values measured being. It could be demonstrated that plasma viscosity is significantly elevated in healthy overweight subjects. However, a relationship between plasma viscosity and age, sex, and cigarette smoke inhalation could not be found.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Erythrocyte rigidity in healthy patients and patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

The normal values for erythrocyte rigidity as measured by the "Selective Erythrocyte Rigidometer" were derived from a group of 275 apparently healthy subjects without risk factors. These individuals were randomly selected from an address book. The normal values ranged from 0.83-1.19 (median: 1.01). Quality control was conducted throughout the study and the analytical reliability was verified (day-to-day coefficient of variation VCd was 7.5%; coefficient of variation in series VCs was 3.1%). Inter- and intraindividual fluctuations in erythrocyte rigidity in the 8.3% and 6.1% ranges respectively were found in 20 apparently healthy subjects in the course of a 6-month study. No relationship was found between either age or sex and erythrocyte rigidity. Significantly higher erythrocyte rigidity values were found in patients with risk factors however; this applies to hypertensive patients, patients with diabetes mellitus, but also to apparently healthy subjects who were either overweight or smokers. Patients with disordered lipometabolisms on the other hand did not show any change in erythrocyte deformability when compared with healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microcirculation in the conjunctival capillaries of healthy and hypertensive patients.

To study the impact of hypertension on conjunctival circulation, one group of healthy individuals and three groups of hypertensive patients (different stages of disease) were examined. Each participant had to undergo videomicroscopy to determine erythrocyte velocity in conjunctival capillaries, reactive hyperaemia and the diameter of the erythrocyte column within the vessels. Compared to healthy subjects, erythrocyte velocity and the diameter of the erythrocyte column were markedly increased in hypertensive patients. Furthermore the normalization of the erythrocyte velocity after a period of hypoxia was impaired in the hypertensives. These results indicate that changes in microcirculation due to hypertension can be detected by video microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative investigation of the microcirculation in patients with hypertension and healthy adults.

A total of 51 patients with arterial hypertension, 29 of which have renal dysfunction, were examined with regard to patient history, clinically, laboratory analysis and capillary microscopy. Compared to healthy adult patients with hypertension demonstrated a significant increase in the number of capillaries per millimeter of epidermis, while at the same time showing a significantly decreased erythrocyte column diameter. This observation was more pronounced the greater the degree of retinal vascular alteration (fundus hypertonicus). The duration of reactive hyperemia in response to three minutes of ischemia with a spygmonometer cuff was considerably shortened in patients with hypertension. Here as well, an increasing degree of retinal vascular alteration correlated with a decrease in reactive hyperemia to the point of no response at all. The blood fluidity of patients with arterial hypertension was significantly limited. The plasma viscosity as well as the erythrocyte aggregation were significantly elevated. Patients suffering from additional kidney dysfunction had even higher viscosities. There also appeared to be a correlation to the degree of fundus hypertonicus in which the plasma viscosity increased in relation to an increasing degree of retinal vascular alteration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microcirculation and hemorheology of children with type I diabetes.

A group of 53 children, suffering from diabetes mellitus type I and a group of 12 healthy children were compared. In both groups the following data were determined: Haemoglobin A1C, retinal blood flow (video fluorescence angiography), erythrocyte velocity in finger nailfold capillaries (video capillaroscopy), capillary tortuosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte rigidity, and haematocrit. The degree of capillary tortuosity was significantly elevated and erythrocyte velocity was significantly diminished in the group of diabetic children in comparison to the healthy children. Regarding rheological data there was a significant decrease in erythrocyte deformability for the diabetic children. Diabetic children with good stabilization presented better rheological parameters than the poorly stabilized ones. Although these findings provided sufficient information, it will be necessary to cover a long follow up period to judge the prognosis of good and poorly stabilized diabetic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hematocrit as a risk factor for vascular disease.

Besides the classical risk factors for vascular diseases, markedly elevated or reduced hematocrit values may also affect the course of circulatory disturbances. To find out an appropriate hematocrit for sufficient oxygen perfusion of the tissues, several studies have been conducted. Most of the surveys indicate that a hematocrit between 35% and 40% is the best solution. To achieve this aim by iso- and hypervolumetric hemodilution, a clinical double-blind trial with three substances, dextran 40, middle-molecular hydroxyethyl starch and isotonic saline solution was carried out. With regard to clinical results and the possible side effects of dextran middle molecular hydroxyethyl starch seems to be the best choice for hemodilution.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Isovolemic hemodilution in stage-IIb peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. Prospective randomized double-blind comparison of middle-molecule hydroxyethyl starch and electrolyte solution].

Blood-letting to a haematocrit of 0.40 to 0.42 was performed over a period of six weeks on 30 randomized patients with peripheral vascular disease (intermittent claudication), stage IIb (after Fontaine), in addition to standardized gymnastics and physical exercise (walking). Subsequently, 15 randomly selected patients received after each blood-letting middle-molecular hydroxyethyl starch solution, another 15 randomized patients received isotonic sodium chloride solution, both groups under a double-blind protocol, gymnastics and walking exercise being continued. At the beginning of the study both groups were comparable with respect to clinical and vascular parameters and results of laboratory tests. Those of the former group had a significantly greater increase in pain-free walking distance than the latter. Blood pressure levels remained unchanged in the former, but significantly rose in the latter. Peak flow during reactive hyperaemia increased significantly in both legs in the first group, remaining unchanged in the second. An increase in spontaneous platelet aggregation occurred only in the second group; alpha 2-macroglobulin concentration rose only in patients of the first group, while fibrinogen decreased significantly in both.

Adult↗