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Biomedical subjects

F J Kohout

Publications and source records attributed to F J Kohout.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Marginal ridge strength of restored teeth with modified Class II cavity preparations.

This study compared marginal ridge fracture resistance in two groups of teeth restored with modified Class II cavity preparations, with control groups. The results indicated that the composite resin and dental amalgam restored teeth fractured at compressive loads that were not statistically different from those of the control (unprepared, intact) teeth. The marginal ridges of the unrestored, prepared teeth were significantly weaker.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1988

Changes in the molar relationship between the deciduous and permanent dentitions: a longitudinal study.

The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in the molar relationship from the deciduous dentition to the permanent dentition in 121 subjects from the Iowa Longitudinal Growth Study. In addition, an attempt was made to determine the association between the various dentofacial variables and the changes in the molar relationship in 55 persons (33 male and 22 female subjects) with normal occlusion. All subjects were evaluated at three stages of dental development: stage I, completion of the deciduous dentition (means age = 4.94 years); stage II, when permanent first molars initially erupt into occlusion (means age = 6.91 years); and stage III, at the completion of eruption of the permanent dentition excluding third molars (means age = 13.01 years). The following sets of variables were evaluated: molar relationship, mesiodistal crown diameters of single and groups of deciduous and permanent teeth, dental arch widths, arch lengths, and various cephalometric dentofacial variables. Correlation coefficients and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between these measurements and the changes in the molar relationship from the deciduous to the permanent dentition. The findings indicate that of the 242 sides evaluated in the deciduous dentition, 61.6% developed into a Class I molar relationship, 34.3% into Class II, and 4.1% into Class III. Those sides that started with a distal step in the deciduous dentition proceeded to develop into a Class II molar relationship in the permanent dentition. Of the sides with a flush terminal plane relationship in the deciduous dentition, 56% progressed to a Class I molar relationship and 44% to Class II in the permanent dentition. The presence of a mesial step in the deciduous dentition indicates a greater probability for a Class I molar relationship and a lesser probability for a Class II molar relationship. In the 55 subjects who achieved normal occlusion, the magnitude of change in the molar relationship was 1.91 mm in male subjects and 1.64 mm in female subjects. On the average, these cases had a mesial step in the deciduous dentition of 0.8 mm in male subjects and 1.0 mm in female subjects. There was a favorable difference between the maxillary and mandibular leeway spaces of 1.3 mm in male subjects and 1.1 mm in female subjects. There was also a favorable decrease in the Wits appraisal of 1.2 mm in male subjects and 0.6 mm in female subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of tooth loss among elderly Iowans.

This study investigated the 18-month incidence of tooth loss in a random sample of 451 dentate noninstitutionalized Iowans aged 65 and older residing in two rural counties. They had a mean of 19.0 teeth at baseline and lost an average of 0.4 teeth during the subsequent 18 months. Twenty-one per cent of the population lost at least one tooth. Four people had all their teeth extracted. Of the teeth present at baseline, 1.9 per cent subsequently were extracted. The highest incidence of tooth loss occurred among mandibular molars (3.7 per cent), followed by maxillary premolars and canines (3.1 per cent each). The best predictors of tooth loss were previous coronal and root caries.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Memory complaint and memory performance in the depressed elderly.

Depressed and nondepressed elderly subjects recruited in the context of a large epidemiological study of health were compared on measures of self-reported memory disturbance and an objective index of memory performance (free recall). Three groups were studied including (a) subjects meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for major depression, (b) subjects with high levels of self-reported depressive symptoms who did not meet RDC for major depression, and (c) subjects with low levels of self-reported depressive symptoms. Subjects with high depression symptom levels reported significantly higher levels of memory complaint than did subjects with low symptom levels. However, there were no differences in self-reported memory disturbance as a function of depression diagnosis. Further, there were no significant differences between groups on the free-recall measure, either as a function of symptom level or diagnosis. It is argued that symptom severity rather than diagnosis of depression is important in determining impairment in depressed elderly people.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Depression among the rural elderly. A study of prevalence and correlates.

A large sample (N = 3159) of noninstitutionalized older adults (aged 65 to 105 years) residing in two rural Iowa counties participated in an assessment of a wide range of health-related factors, including depression. Prevalences of significant depressive symptomatology (9.0%; based on a modified version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) and clinical depression (2.9%; based on self-report of Research Diagnostic Criteria [RDC]-like criteria) were low. The relationships between several demographic measures and the depression indices were examined. While expected sex differences were obtained for the CES-D, they were not found for the depression RDC. Subjects who lived alone and subjects with lower incomes were more at risk for depression. There was also evidence that being married and having a higher educational level were associated with lower risk for depression as measured by the CES-D (but not the RDC). The role of social support in rural communities was discussed as a factor contributing to the low rate of depression found in this study. The importance of sex, social support, and economic resources in accounting for depression among the elderly was also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence and functional correlates of low back pain in the elderly: the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study.

As part of an interview survey of a defined population of 3,097 rural persons 65 years and older (the Iowa 65 + Rural Health Study), the prevalence and functional correlates of specifically defined low back pain were studied. Low back pain was reported by 23.6 per cent of the women and 18.4 per cent of the men in the year prior to the survey, with prevalence rates declining with age. Forty per cent of those with low back pain noted its presence at the time of the interview. Over half had used analgesics. Use of medical and chiropractic services for this symptom was nearly 75 per cent; 25 per cent had at least one hospitalization directly related to low back pain and over 5 per cent had low back surgery. Limitation of walking, sitting, bending over, and performing household chores was reported by 15 to 40 per cent, and 21 per cent attributed sleep disturbance to the low back pain. Nearly 75 per cent of subjects with low back pain reported first onset of the problem prior to age 65, which has important implications for pathogenesis and prevention. The functional and clinical burdens of low back pain in this population of rural elderly were substantial and require further evaluation of risk factors and impact on health status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Edentulism and oral health problems among elderly rural Iowans: the Iowa 65+ rural health study.

A household health interview survey of 3,673 noninstitutionalized people aged 65 and over in two rural Iowa counties included questions about loss of teeth, use of dentures, and presence of oral health problems. Edentulism rates were 10-15 per cent lower than those found a decade earlier in national health surveys. A log-linear analysis found that the best demographic predictors of edentulism were education, age, and marital status. Spouses tended to be of similar dentition status, i.e., both edentulous or both dentate. No association was found between the loss of teeth and prevalence of digestive problems. Only 7 per cent of the edentulous people felt they needed to visit a dentist, even though 70 per cent had not seen one for over five years. About 40 per cent had dentures that were over 20 years old, with half of these being over 30 years old. Many dentures were loose and causing soreness in the mouth or difficulty in eating. These elderly people appeared to expect some problems with dentures and oral pain and accepted them without feeling a need to seek treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A clinical comparison of speed group D and E dental x-ray films.

This study was conducted to determine the clinical diagnostic quality of the new higher-speed Ektaspeed E x-ray films when compared with the diagnostic quality of the lower-speed Ultraspeed D x-ray films. The study also attempted to determine the advantages of 70 versus 90 kVp. The results indicated that the E film at 90 kVp was slightly better than the E film at 70 kVp and the D films at either 70 or 90 kVp. Although the differences were statistically significant, average rating for all films fell within the range of acceptability.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of SASOC, a measure of dental aesthetics, with three orthodontic indices and orthodontist judgment.

Scores for three malocclusion indices (HLD, TPI and OI) and Orthodontist Judgment (OJ) were available for the 100 orthodontic study models utilized in the development of SASOC, the Social Acceptability Scale of Occlusal Conditions. The ability of SASOC to predict need for treatment using OJ as a standard was compared to the ability of HLD, TPI and OI to predict OJ's decisions. In addition, determinations of need for treatment of each of the 100 models using HLD, OI and OJ were compared to SASOC's rankings for the public's perceptions of aesthetic acceptability. Finally, the agreement of HLD, OI and OJ with each other in assessing need for treatment was compared. Results indicated: 1) that SASOC's, HLD's, TPI's and OI's "hit rate" in predicting OJ ranged between 73% and 81%; 2) HLD's, OI's and OJ's assessment of malocclusion paralleled lay perceptions of aesthetic acceptability (SASOC), and 3) there were differences of agreement among HLD, OI and OJ as to which cases had a definite need for treatment. There was more agreement on cases which did not have a definite need for treatment than on those which did. A tool which assesses only the aesthetic component of occlusal configurations was judged to be more suitable in the study of the social and psychological impact of malocclusion than indices and orthodontist judgment which include professional criteria as well as aesthetics in their assessments of malocclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Perceptions of occlusal conditions in Australia, the German Democratic Republic and the United States of America.

An instrument developed by Jenny et al. (1980) for rating the public's perceptions of the social acceptability of a wide variety of occlusal configurations was administered to children and adults in Australia, the German Democratic Republic and the United States of America and also to US orthodontists. Mean scores for the 7 groups of subjects from the 3 countries were arranged in rank order from the least socially acceptable to the most socially acceptable and compared. The results indicate that use of the social acceptability scale of occlusal conditions (SASOC) is a highly reliable method for scoring and rank-ordering the aesthetic acceptability of occlusal morphologies. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients between the ranking of SASOC stimuli by all 7 groups of subjects from the 3 countries ranged from 0.85 to 0.97. The probability of such correlations occurring by chance is less than 1 in 10000 (P less than 0.0001). SASOC proved capable of rank-ordering a wide range of occlusal morphologies for aesthetics with excellent consistency along the entire spectrum from the least acceptable to the most socially acceptable in all 3 countries. The data indicate that norms for socially acceptable dental appearance are essentially the same in Australia, the German Democratic Republic and the United States of America.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of rectangular and cylindrical collimation for intraoral radiographs.

This study was conducted to compare the type and frequency of cone-cuts that occur with rectangular and cylindrical collimation in dental radiography. Thirty-eight hundred radiographs, half made with cylindrical cones and half made with rectangular cones, were examined for major and minor cone-cuts. A total of 156 cone-cuts was found. Thirty-three of these were of the major category, 86 percent of which occurred with rectangular collimation. Although cone-cuts appeared much more frequently when a rectangular cone was used, a significant reduction in useless radiation makes this type of collimation a worthwhile consideration.

Equipment Design↗